{"title":"Generalized load graphical forecasting method based on modal decomposition","authors":"Lizhen Wu , Peixin Chang , Wei Chen , Tingting Pei","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In a “low-carbon” context, the power load is affected by the coupling of multiple factors, which gradually evolves from the traditional “pure load” to the generalized load with the dual characteristics of “load + power supply.” Traditional time-series forecasting methods are no longer suitable owing to the complexity and uncertainty associated with generalized loads. From the perspective of image processing, this study proposes a graphical short-term prediction method for generalized loads based on modal decomposition. First, the datasets are normalized and feature-filtered by comparing the results of Xtreme gradient boosting, gradient boosted decision tree, and random forest algorithms. Subsequently, the generalized load data are decomposed into three sets of modalities by modal decomposition, and red, green, and blue (RGB) images are generated using them as the pixel values of the R, G, and B channels. The generated images are diversified, and an optimized DenseNet neural network was used for training and prediction. Finally, the base load, wind power, and photovoltaic power generation data are selected, and the characteristic curves of the generalized load scenarios under different permeabilities of wind power and photovoltaic power generation are obtained using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm. Based on the proposed graphical forecasting method, the feasibility of the generalized load graphical forecasting method is verified by comparing it with the traditional time-series forecasting method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 166-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000264/pdf?md5=c88651272de38919b8ce0c9052b6fb8b&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xianan Jiao , Jiekang Wu , Yunshou Mao , Mengxuan Yan
{"title":"Carbon efficiency evaluation method for urban energy system with multiple energy complementary","authors":"Xianan Jiao , Jiekang Wu , Yunshou Mao , Mengxuan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban energy systems (UESs) play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization. In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources, a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance. First, a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization, environmental protection, system operation, and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES. Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them, an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing, dimensionality reduction, integration of combined weights, and gray correlation analysis is proposed. This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments. Third, a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented. The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios. The results show that Scenario 5, in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment, has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development. The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment. This study provides a reference for the optimal planning, construction, and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 142-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000240/pdf?md5=e3a27bb5f6c90ccc8d26015653a30a78&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000240-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Control method based on DRFNN sliding mode for multifunctional flexible multistate switch","authors":"Jianghua Liao , Wei Gao , Yan Yang , Gengjie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To address the low accuracy and stability when applying classical control theory in distribution networks with distributed generation, a control method involving flexible multistate switches (FMSs) is proposed in this study. This approach is based on an improved double-loop recursive fuzzy neural network (DRFNN) sliding mode, which is intended to stably achieve multiterminal power interaction and adaptive arc suppression for single-phase ground faults. First, an improved DRFNN sliding mode control (SMC) method is proposed to overcome the chattering and transient overshoot inherent in the classical SMC and reduce the reliance on a precise mathematical model of the control system. To improve the robustness of the system, an adaptive parameter-adjustment strategy for the DRFNN is designed, where its dynamic mapping capabilities are leveraged to improve the transient compensation control. Additionally, a quasi-continuous second- order sliding mode controller with a calculus-driven sliding mode surface is developed to improve the current monitoring accuracy and enhance the system stability. The stability of the proposed method and the convergence of the network parameters are verified using the Lyapunov theorem. A simulation model of the three-port FMS with its control system is constructed in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation result confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy based on a comparative analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 190-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000288/pdf?md5=d6b1e9eef2b206a05a6f887eb1c50ee3&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000288-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyun Deng , Yongdong Chen , Dongchuan Fan , Youbo Liu , Chao Ma
{"title":"GRU-integrated constrained soft actor-critic learning enabled fully distributed scheduling strategy for residential virtual power plant","authors":"Xiaoyun Deng , Yongdong Chen , Dongchuan Fan , Youbo Liu , Chao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a novel residential virtual power plant (RVPP) scheduling method that leverages a gate recurrent unit (GRU)-integrated deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the GRU- integrated DRL algorithm guides the RVPP to participate effectively in both the day-ahead and real-time markets, lowering the electricity purchase costs and consumption risks for end-users. The Lagrangian relaxation technique is introduced to transform the constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) into an unconstrained optimization problem, which guarantees that the constraints are strictly satisfied without determining the penalty coefficients. Furthermore, to enhance the scalability of the constrained soft actor-critic (CSAC)-based RVPP scheduling approach, a fully distributed scheduling architecture was designed to enable plug-and-play in the residential distributed energy resources (RDER). Case studies performed on the constructed RVPP scenario validated the performance of the proposed methodology in enhancing the responsiveness of the RDER to power tariffs, balancing the supply and demand of the power grid, and ensuring customer comfort.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 117-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000227/pdf?md5=fee3a28af3e5d34ed52dd9cf0e3743dd&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000227-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruitian Fan , Xing Lei , Tao Jia , Menglong Qin , Hao Li , Dawei Xiang
{"title":"High-sensitive state perception method for inverter-fed machine turn insulation based on FrFT-Mel","authors":"Ruitian Fan , Xing Lei , Tao Jia , Menglong Qin , Hao Li , Dawei Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amidst the swift advancement of new power systems and electric vehicles, inverter-fed machines have progressively materialized as a pivotal apparatus for efficient energy conversion. Stator winding turn insulation failure is the root cause of inverter-fed machine breakdown. The online monitoring of turn insulation health can detect potential safety risks promptly, but faces the challenge of weak characteristics of turn insulation degradation. This study proposes an innovative method to evaluate the turn insulation state of inverter-fed machines by utilizing the fractional Fourier transform with a Mel filter (FrFT-Mel). First, the sensitivity of the high-frequency (HF) switching oscillation current to variations in turn insulation was analyzed within the fractional domain. Subsequently, an improved Mel filter is introduced, and its structure and parameters are specifically designed based on the features intrinsic to the common-mode impedance resonance point of the electrical machine. Finally, an evaluation index was proposed for the turn insulation state of inverter-fed machines. Experimental results on a 3kW permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) demonstrate that the proposed FrFT-Mel method significantly enhances the sensitivity of turn insulation state perception by approximately five times, compared to the traditional Fourier transform method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 155-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000252/pdf?md5=4cd47b2779e36014c96873853a00864a&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000252-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongrong Zhou , Zhaoxing Ma , Hao Chen , Ruihua Wang
{"title":"Analysis of multiple-faults of high-voltage circuit breakers based on non-negative matrix decomposition","authors":"Yongrong Zhou , Zhaoxing Ma , Hao Chen , Ruihua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-voltage circuit breakers are the core equipment in power networks, and to a certain extent, are related to the safe and reliable operation of power systems. However, their core components are prone to mechanical faults. This study proposes a component separation method to detect multiple mechanical faults in circuit breakers that can achieve online real-time monitoring. First, a model and strategy are presented for obtaining mechanical voiceprint signals from circuit breakers. Subsequently, the component separation method was used to decompose the voiceprint signals of multiple faults into individual component signals. Based on this, the recognition of the features of a single-fault voiceprint signal can be achieved. Finally, multiple faults in high-voltage circuit breakers were identified through an experimental simulation and verification of the circuit breaker voiceprint signals collected from the substation site. The research results indicate that the proposed method exhibits excellent performance for multiple mechanical faults, such as spring structures and loose internal components of circuit breakers. In addition, it provides a reference method for the real-time online monitoring of high-voltage circuit breakers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 179-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000276/pdf?md5=39134d03d3f301b69fb0d820e59e381a&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000276-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Li , Zeduan Zhang , Wang Cai , Qikang Zhuang , Guihong Bi , Jian Deng , Shilong Chen , Xiaorui Kan
{"title":"Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform","authors":"Lu Li , Zeduan Zhang , Wang Cai , Qikang Zhuang , Guihong Bi , Jian Deng , Shilong Chen , Xiaorui Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform (EWT) for a through- type cophase traction direct power supply system, where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure. This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals, resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line. During internal line faults, the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines. Conversely, for faults external to the line, the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines. EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals, allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy. The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary. Moreover, simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles, distances to faults, and fault transition resistances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209651172400029X/pdf?md5=25de8cdfedb5d19dd0f05b2a76749888&pid=1-s2.0-S209651172400029X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Huang , Yufeng Hu , Liangzheng Wu , Shangyong Wen , Zhengdong Wan
{"title":"Price prediction of power transformer materials based on CEEMD and GRU","authors":"Yan Huang , Yufeng Hu , Liangzheng Wu , Shangyong Wen , Zhengdong Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has fueled the expansion of power grids. Power transformers are key equipment in power grid projects, and their price changes have a significant impact on cost control. However, the prices of power transformer materials manifest as nonsmooth and nonlinear sequences. Hence, estimating the acquisition costs of power grid projects is difficult, hindering the normal operation of power engineering construction. To more accurately predict the price of power transformer materials, this study proposes a method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) network. First, the CEEMD decomposed the price series into multiple intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Multiple IMFs were clustered to obtain several aggregated sequences based on the sample entropy of each IMF. Then, an empirical wavelet transform (EWT) was applied to the aggregation sequence with a large sample entropy, and the multiple subsequences obtained from the decomposition were predicted by the GRU model. The GRU model was used to directly predict the aggregation sequences with a small sample entropy. In this study, we used authentic historical pricing data for power transformer materials to validate the proposed approach. The empirical findings demonstrated the efficacy of our method across both datasets, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) of less than 1% and 3%. This approach holds a significant reference value for future research in the field of power transformer material price prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 217-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000306/pdf?md5=1cc6e507ad4ea6458bff6603060c5134&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust optimal dispatch strategy of integrated energy system considering CHP-P2G-CCS","authors":"Bin Zhang , Yihui Xia , Xiaotao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Integrated energy systems (IESs) can improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, essential for achieving peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. This study investigated the characteristics of the CHP model considering P2G and carbon capture systems, and a two-stage robust optimization model of the electricity-heat-gas- cold integrated energy system was developed. First, a CHP model considering the P2G and carbon capture system was established, and the electric-thermal coupling characteristics and P2G capacity constraints of the model were derived, which proved that the model could weaken the electric-thermal coupling characteristics, increase the electric power regulation range, and reduce carbon emissions. Subsequently, a two-stage robust optimal scheduling model of an IES was constructed, in which the objective function in the day-ahead scheduling stage was to minimize the start-up and shutdown costs. The objective function in the real-time scheduling stage was to minimize the equipment operating costs, carbon emission costs, wind curtailment, and solar curtailment costs, considering multiple uncertainties. Finally, after the objective function is linearized with a ψ-piecewise method, the model is solved based on the C&CG algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed model can effectively absorb renewable energy and reduce the total cost of the system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000021/pdf?md5=54750265de10bea434bff213fdfbfd5b&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000021-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Man Chen , Yuxin Zhao , Yuxuan Li , Peng Peng , Xisheng Tang
{"title":"Optimal operation of Internet Data Center with PV and energy storage type of UPS clusters","authors":"Man Chen , Yuxin Zhao , Yuxuan Li , Peng Peng , Xisheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloei.2024.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the development of green data centers, a large number of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) resources in Internet Data Center (IDC) are becoming idle assets owing to their low utilization rate. The revitalization of these idle UPS resources is an urgent problem that must be addressed. Based on the energy storage type of the UPS (EUPS) and using renewable sources, a solution for IDCs is proposed in this study. Subsequently, an EUPS cluster classification method based on the concept of shared mechanism niche (CSMN) was proposed to effectively solve the EUPS control problem. Accordingly, the classified EUPS aggregation unit was used to determine the optimal operation of the IDC. An IDC cost minimization optimization model was established, and the Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm was adopted. Finally, the economy and effectiveness of the three-tier optimization framework and model were verified through three case studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36174,"journal":{"name":"Global Energy Interconnection","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 61-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511724000069/pdf?md5=5e3f4c110550b01f5559780c8c76e230&pid=1-s2.0-S2096511724000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}