Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology最新文献

{"title":"PVT Analysis and Behavioral Modeling of Doherty and Envelope Tracking RF ULP Power Amplifiers using 65 nm CMOS Technology","authors":"Muhammad Ovais Akhter, Najam M. Amin, Aurangzeb Rashid Masud","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.589","url":null,"abstract":"This research encompasses both Process-Voltage-Temperature (PVT) considerations and behavioral modeling of two proposed Power Amplifier (PA) designs for wireless communication systems. Process variations, supply voltage changes, and temperature changes provide difficulties for the design and optimization of power amplifiers for wireless communication systems and may have a substantial influence on their effectiveness. PVT analysis and behavioral modeling have been conducted to address the aforementioned challenges and characterize the behavior and performance of the power amplifiers under real-world operating conditions. It investigates the impact of process variations, supply voltage variations, and temperature variations on the performance of the PAs. The insights gained from this analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the power amplifiers' performance, efficiency, and suitability for specific wireless communication standards, laying the foundation for future advancements in RF power amplifier design. The first design focuses on a Doherty PA (DPA) tailored for low-power short-range applications complying with the IEEE Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) standard. The second design explores an Envelope Tracking (ET) supply bias control for low-power long-range applications conforming to the IEEE Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard. By examining these factors, the research ensures that the PAs exhibit reliable and optimal performance under real-world operating conditions. The PVT corners show a change in gain of only 0.4 dB for DPA and 0.9 dB for ET PA. Furthermore, behavioral modeling is employed to characterize the power efficiency of the envelope tracking PA, along with the current efficiency and quotient current on the load current scale. These models provide valuable insights into the behavior and performance of the PAs at a higher level of abstraction. The results and findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the PA’s performance, efficiency, and suitability for specific wireless communication standards, laying the foundation for future advancements in RF power amplifier design.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Approach to Android Malware Intrusion Detection Using Zero-Shot Learning GANs","authors":"Syed Akbar Raza Shirazi, Mehwish Shaikh","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.584","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes an innovative intrusion detection system for Android malware based on a zero-shot learning GAN approach. Our system achieved an accuracy of 99.99%, indicating that this approach can be highly effective for identifying intrusion events. The proposed approach is particularly valuable for analyzing complex datasets such as those involving Android malware. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of this method for improving the accuracy and efficiency of intrusion detection systems in real-world scenarios. Future work could involve exploring alternative feature selection techniques and evaluating the performance of other machine learning classifiers on larger datasets to further enhance the accuracy of intrusion detection systems. The study highlights the importance of adopting advanced machine learning techniques such as zero-shot learning GANs to enhance the effectiveness of intrusion detection systems in cybersecurity. The proposed system presents a significant contribution to the field of intrusion detection, providing an effective solution for detecting malicious activities in Android malware, which can improve the security of mobile devices.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"91 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139124998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Architecture and Construction Practices in the Gilgit Baltistan Region, Pakistan: Case of Hotel and Tourism Industry","authors":"Maria Sajid Zaheer, Hira Ovais, Faryal Sikander, Syed Asim Mobin, Bushra Danish Talpur","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.562","url":null,"abstract":"The tourism and hotel industry is rapidly causing the alteration of the architectural and construction practices in the Gilgit-Baltistan region as more and more people have become associated with the industry including both the locals as well as outsiders. This paper presents an overview of the changing scenario of architecture and construction practices in the Gilgit-Baltistan region and the preferences of the local population. It aims to do so by highlighting the architectural and construction practices of the past and present specifically in the hotel and tourism industry of the region, outlining the type of construction and their techniques while also inquiring the locals regarding their preferences pertaining to architecture and construction. The secondary data giving an overview of the region, and the architectural and construction practices; is gathered from the relevant newspaper articles, reports, websites and, journal articles while the primary data is gathered from the site visits to the region along with questionnaire surveys conducted from the local population. An assessment of hotels developed during different timelines presenting case studies employing either vernacular or modern or even a combination of both techniques is carried out in terms of their use of materials, architectural features, and structure/construction typology. Conclusively, the research tries to put forth the trends in architecture and construction practices especially in the case of hotel buildings in the region as while an increase in tourism has caused a boost in the construction of hotels in the region, it has raised many other concerns such as disconnect from local culture, use of alienated building materials making the buildings poor in terms of thermal comfort, dying cultural heritage.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"38 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Analysis of Biomaterial Based on Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate and Epoxy Resin","authors":"Sadia Arshad, Hafsa Aijaz, Muhammad Rizwan, Tooba Khan, Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haque","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.570","url":null,"abstract":"Bone deformation and the degradation of the joint are one of the most common problems faced around the world, especially after the age of 50. Materials like Allograft and Polymethyl-Methacrylate (PMMA) are used in traditional orthotics and prosthetics, and for bone grafting/filling procedures, however, these materials can be expensive. This research proposes, the fabrication of a novel material by utilizing Calcium-Sulfate Hemihydrate (CaSO4. 1/2H2O), and epoxy resin, which can be used as a cost-effective orthotic and prosthetic material. The materials are already used as bone adhesives and bone grafts, hence, are compatible and non-toxic. The fabricated composite material possesses physical properties closest to the natural human bone and is also hydrophilic. Samples with different ratios of the constituents were fabricated and tested for their hardness, compression, and contact angle values using a Hardness tester, PASCO compression tester, and Image J software. The hardness test results indicate that sample 1 has the hardness value i.e., 29.5 ± 2.50 HV in contrast the hardness value of a human bone is found to be 33.3","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"99 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Virtual Machine Scheduling Algorithms: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Salman Mahmood, Nor Adnan Yahaya","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.561","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper provides a comprehensive assessment of scheduling methods for cloud computing, with an emphasis on optimizing resource allocation in cloud computing systems. The PRISMA methodology was utilized to identify 2,487 articles for this comprehensive review of scheduling methods in cloud computing systems. Following a rigorous screening process, 30 papers published between 2018 and 2023 were selected for inclusion in the review. These papers were analyzed in-depth to provide an extensive overview of the current state of scheduling methods in cloud computing, along with the challenges and opportunities for improving resource allocation. The review evaluates various scheduling approaches, including heuristics, optimization, and machine learning-based methods, discussing their strengths and limitations and comparing results from multiple studies. The paper also highlights the latest trends and future directions in cloud computing scheduling research, offering insights for practitioners and researchers in this field.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Classical and Neural Networks based ChatBot’s Techniques","authors":"Imran ullah Khan, Junaid Javed, Ahthasham Sajid, Shahnoor, Iqra Tabassum","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.508","url":null,"abstract":"Conversational agents like Alexa from Amazon, Siri from Apple, Assistant from Google, and Cortana from Microsoft demonstrate extraordinary research and potential in conversational agents. A conversational agent, chatter-bot, or chatbot is a piece of computer software supposed to communicate at a level of intelligence comparable to a person's. Chatbots are designed for various purposes, such as task-oriented helpers and creators of open-ended discourse. Numerous approaches have been studied, from primitive types of hard-coded response generators to contemporary ways of constructing artificial intelligence. These are classified as rule-based or neural network-based systems. Unlike the rule-based technique, which is based on pre-defined templates and responses, the neural network approach is based on deep learning models. Rule-based communication is optimal for more straightforward, task-oriented conversations. Open-domain conversational modeling is a more complicated topic that depends heavily on neural network techniques. This article begins with an overview of chatbots before diving into the specifics of a variety of traditional, rule-based, and neural network-based methods. A table summarising previous field research closes the survey. It looks at the most recent and vital research on the subject, the evaluation instruments used areas for improvement, and the applicability of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128178339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing / Segregating Municipal Solid Waste and Finding its Recycling Potential in Bannu District","authors":"Sareer Ahmad, Main Said Kashif, Jehangeer Alam, A. Ghani, Muhammad Irfan","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.426","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating with rapid population growth and urban sprawl, unregulated municipal waste (MSW) poses a threat to public health and environmental safety. In this study, we examine its performance, cure, and physiological features and evaluate the potential of MSW as a renewable energy source in the Bannu region. Depending on the average generation of MSW generation (e.g. 0.439 kg/capita/day), the daily production of MSW in the city can reach up to 2000 tons/day. However, its safe construction is prohibited directly to a lack of (a) past planning, (b) public services, (c) political determination, and (d) public understanding. Various MSW samples were collected for social and economic construction. Body parts of MSW in Bannu are declining through decaying material, plastic bags of nylon, cloth, nappy and paper. A close assessment of this MSW was performed along with its temperature values. The maximum temperature range for MSW is estimated at 13369.935 kJ / kg. The power output of 44.29 MW is continuously tested from 2000 tons of MSW / day. The consequences of this study should help policymakers develop a management strategy for MSW for renewable power.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124543402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Radiation Levels Measurement at Workplace of Cyclotron-PET/CT Facilities (in Karachi) using TLD Dosimeters.","authors":"Kauser Perveen, Ayesha Mohsin, Hira Nadeem, Syed Mishkat Ali, Khalid Hussain","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.385","url":null,"abstract":"Cyclotron is the most widely used proton particle accelerator for production of short lived radionuclides particularly F-18 for diagnostic purpose in oncology imaging. Currently, only Fluorine [F-18] is being produced in Pakistan. F-18 is tagged with glucose analogue and converted into [18F] FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose) by synthesis process. [18F] FDG emits positron and, via annihilation process, produces two gamma photons of 511keV energy, which is of great concern for occupational safety. Therefore, a study was carried out to assess the dose incurred by radiation workers working in controlled and supervised areas of cyclotron facility. \u0000In this study, the ten (10) calibrated Thermoluminescene dosimeters (TLD-100) were annealed and placed in different locations of four Cyclotron-PET/CT facilities for determination of dose in work area. In the selected cyclotron facilities, one out of four was unshielded cyclotron and other three were self-shielded. Ten (10) TLDs were placed in preselected controlled and supervised areas of facilities for the duration of 30 days. After four weeks of exposure, TLDs were removed and assessed on TLD reader for dose evaluation. \u0000The evaluated results of radiation levels from TLDs are in good agreement with the criteria for classification of areas as defined in Regulations on Radiation Protection (PAK/904). The measured doses of work area are well below the defined regulatory dose limits for controlled area (>6mSv/yr) as well as supervised area (>1mSv/yr) except in case of unshielded cyclotron vault. It is concluded that the facilities have implemented the requirement 27 of PNRA Regulations on Radiation Protection (PAK/904) and also have established strong radiation safety measures for minimization of occupational exposure.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste Management using GIS Analysis: A Case Study of Sehwan City","authors":"Gopal Das, M. A. H. Talpur, Komal, I. Chandio","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.515","url":null,"abstract":"One of the fundamental issues of the 21st century, and one of the key tasks of a municipal administration is to manage solid waste effectively and efficiently. Cities are developing extremely, and the issue of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is becoming critical, as a result of the growth in quantity and complexity of generated waste and the shortage of land for its disposal. By 2050, the world's waste creation will have more than doubled the rate of population increase. The area is mostly residential, and most of the solid waste is created in the home, such as food and vegetable waste. There are few bins places in Sehwan city and those are not placed at the proper location, due to this reason inhabitants of the city are throwing their municipal waste on the street sides and vacant plots. The research aim of the study was to develop a GIS technology. This research contained three objectives, to Identify the existing municipal solid waste management condition and their effect on different factors such as health and the environment, to Reallocation of waste collection bins in the study area using GIS buffer analysis, and to propose a route plan for the collection of municipal solid waste using GIS network analysis. Furthermore, based on GIS technology, this work provides a framework for optimizing the waste collection and transportation system. The result showed that the misplacement of waste bins the Sehwan city can affect the environment, waste laying around the bins cause land pollution, and also municipal waste on road, affects the health of people. More than 82% of the inhabitants are unsatisfied with the management of the solid waste disposal system in the study area also 90% of residents are suffered from different diseases. This study will help the planner and authorities cope with the issues of municipal solid waste. Municipal authorities need to follow technologies and research studies for solving the solid waste issues of local peoples’ in their city.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123214312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Load Balancing of Cloud Computing Service Model Empowered with Fuzzy Logic.","authors":"Syed Akbar Raza Shirazi, Abdul Hannan Khan, Shahid Rasool, Aqsa Anwar, M. Ammar","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.500","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, cloud computing is a growing field in research and the marketplace, including virtualization, internet service, computer software, and web services. A cloud comprises multiple elements like a consumer's data center and servers. It provides high availability, efficiency, scalability, mobility, fault tolerance, decreased overhead of users, reduced expenses of ownership, on-demand services, etc. A Variety Of users need various Quality of Service (QoS) demands. Therefore, the cloud supplier needs to arrange the tasks to get maximum advantages regarding their services, and the consumer's quality of service demands are satisfied. Currently, the need for cloud is increasing day by day, people moved towards cloud simultaneously, so its scale is up that's why the service providers are required to deal with enormous requests. The biggest challenge is the availability of services and maintaining the performance equivalent or more effective whenever workload occurs. Multiple requests are processed simultaneously; that's why the workload increased. The load balancer uses to resolve that issue. Our research shows how to balance the load in a cloud environment using fuzzy logic. The processor speed, storage capacity, and assigned load of Virtual Machine (VM) utilize to balance the load in cloud computing through fuzzy logic to achieve better processing time and storage utilization.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127561430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}