Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology最新文献

{"title":"Design and Validation of Water Based Dense Dielectric Patch Antenna (DDPA) for Microwave Communication around Frequency of 1GHz","authors":"Madiha Mukhtar, S. Niazi, Dileep Kumar, Umar Fayyaz, Abid Munir","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.592","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid antennas are distinct types of antennas that have been widely used due to their low profile, reconfigurable, and tunable features with steering abilities. In this paper, a low profile, high directivity, and good efficiency reconfigurable Water-Dense Dielectric Patch Antenna (DDPA) fed by the coaxial probe is presented. Distilled water becomes lossy above 1 GHZ frequency, so it is best suitable for lower-frequency applications. A thick substrate between the water patch and the ground plane is used. An impedance bandwidth of 7% with a maximum gain of 7.78 dBi, and radiation efficiency up to 71 % is obtained. This antenna can operate over the 967 to 1038 MHz band without a reduction in radiation efficiency. Simulated results are presented to validate the new design in both CST microwave studio and ANSYS HFSS which are the best simulating software for antenna designing. The comparison shows that the new antenna has a more compact size, and simpler structure, and is suitable for low-frequency applications.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA) on Geo-Polymer-Based Concrete","authors":"M. A. Memon, Bashir Ahmed Memon, Shahzeb Khan, Ali Arsalan Memon, M. U. Bhatti, Muneeb Ayoub, Memon","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.542","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industries are looking towards the production of environmentally friendly concrete, with the use of fewer natural resources, less energy, and minimum carbon dioxide emissions. For this reason, the geo-polymer concrete is one of the best options. The concrete produced with a polymerization process; a reaction between alkaline compounds containing alumina and silica; is called geo-polymer-based concrete. This study is focused on investigating the density and strength properties of geo-polymer concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates (RCA). Three mixes were designed with 0%, 50%, and 100% RCA with a fixed water-binder ratio equal to 0.4. The results revealed that the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of geo-polymer-based concrete with RCA reduced and depended on the percentage of RCA used. The flexural performance of the concrete was observed better compared to compressive and tensile strength. However, the density of concrete is decreased by approximately 14% with the addition of RCA resulting in lighter concrete than the control mix.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"59 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the Road to Safer Travel in Pakistan: A Multi-Perspective Analysis of Road Safety Challenges and Solutions","authors":"Amjad Pervez, Ammar Oad","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.591","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing global population, the demand for mobility and well-managed modes of transportation is increasing day by day. However, the rapid growth in motorization is a double-edged sword. On one side, it brings social and economic development; on the other, it results in severe consequences, such as road traffic crashes. Pakistan, a developing country, is also dealing with the same issue. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the road safety issues in Pakistan. The analysis is carried out from five perspectives: infrastructural, institutional, socio-economic, socio-cultural/behavioral, and educational. The study highlights that inadequate road infrastructure, lack of road safety institutions and policies, absence of a credible crash reporting system, poor and ineffective enforcement, road users’ aberrant behaviors, and lack of road safety awareness all contribute to road safety problems in Pakistan. To address these issues, the study proposes a set of key measures, such as expanding road infrastructure, establishing dedicated road safety institutions, centralizing data collection efforts, implementing comprehensive safety tests for vehicles, and organizing road safety seminars to educate the youth. These recommendations aim to enhance road safety, ultimately reducing fatalities and economic losses caused by road crashes in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Air Quality on Ecological Sustainability of Old Commercial Hub at Faisalabad","authors":"Bazla Manzoor, Saima Gulzar","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.492","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological sustainability is deteriorating at global level for which every country is concerned about. Pakistan is also working to investigate and monitor the factors which are playing role in deteriorating the ecological sustainability. Faisalabad, being one of the major urban areas of the country, is working as well to resolve the similar challenges. Due to many activities of the citizens and administrative decisions, the city is facing some environmental challenges. The major challenges which are being faced by the city are related to air quality. The city is among those areas of the country whose air quality is getting worsen with the passage of time. The old areas of the city are growing with the plan that did not considered ecological factors which can be seen in old commercial hub of Faisalabad. Inappropriate ecological sustainability is being observed in the area. To investigate inappropriateness in ecological sustainability of the area experimental observations were made regarding air quality. It was viewed that physical elements and living beings are both affected in a negative way for which appropriate steps are required to be taken by the users and administration. These appropriate steps can help in minimizing the negative impacts of air quality in the area.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework for Automatic Blood Group Identification and Notification Alert System","authors":"Madeha Memon, Bobby Lalwani, Mahaveer Rathi, Yasra Memon, Knooz Fatima","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.578","url":null,"abstract":"Image Processing has assisted researchers in a variety of ways, especially in the areas of security and medicine fields. Identifying blood types in emergencies or far-off places and regions where experts have not been available is a present-day challenge. Therefore, we have developed an automatic system that will detect the blood group and notify an alert system using GSM and various image processing methods. Prior to any treatment or operation, it is necessary to determine the blood type for a transfusion of blood, even in an emergency. Currently, technicians manually conduct these tests, which can cause human mistakes. Different systems have been created to automate these tests; none have been successful in completing the analysis in time for emergencies. This project intends to create an automated system to do these tests quickly, adjusting to urgent circumstances. Initially, the slide test is performed to collect the blood images. Furthermore, various image processing methods have been performed for processing images using the PI camera. Subsequently, an alert with the patient's blood group is then generated and sent to the concerned patient or the hospital to immediately consult the patient. Unit testing and load testing were performed on 950 images at a time which yielded 97% accuracy.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image Matting using Superpixels Centroid","authors":"Anam Akbar, Aniqa Shirazi, Mohammad Sarim Farooqui","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.564","url":null,"abstract":"The orientation and focus of this research piece is the extraction of foreground and compositing this extracted region onto a new background region. This phenomenon is termed as image matting, which is more utilized in film production or digital media world. The proposed method approaches the ill-posed nature of image matting via non-parametric sampling based method along with the clustering technique known as Superpixel. In the proposed method, pixels of entire image(s) are tends to gather in close proximity under one unit (Superpixel) with respect to color, intensity and texture. This gathering in close proximity reduces the search space more than 20 times and helps in efficiently finding association of unknown region with the samples from background and foreground. The use of samples facilitates the pixel color assimilating with local image structure, which is significant to calculate a good resultant alpha matte particularly in the image having complex textured and in natural images. To the best of my knowledge, the matting problem using centroids of Superpixels has not previously been explored. Results are evaluated on different images on online benchmark dataset for image matting. Results are comparable to the different matting algorithms applied independently on images of dataset. Result shows that the proposed approach significantly improves the results.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"48 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Effectiveness and Efficiency of Public or Private Hospitals within Pakistan","authors":"Noman Islam, Muhammad Usman Raees, Darakshan Syed","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.588","url":null,"abstract":"Hospitals play a very important role in human lives. People are in search of quality and timely healthcare facilities. This paper talks about the efficiency and effectiveness of healthcare services. One needs to identify the factors and mechanisms to enhance the performance of government and private hospitals. This study aims to find the important variables that were required to find the best solution for public and private hospitals in Pakistan. The major contributions of the paper are as follows. The paper first deliberates on the need for technical excellence as compared to interpersonal excellence for hospital management. It also performs a qualitative review of the literature on the important variables for determining the effectiveness and efficiencies of the hospital. Then, the paper presents a public survey about the effectiveness and efficiency of public and private hospitals using different questionnaires. These questionnaires were filled by the relatives of patients or patients themselves when they visited hospitals. On this dataset, the paper applies a machine learning algorithm i.e., random forest, to predict which hospital type is suitable for them while considering the variables. These variables include; the services of the hospital, admission process, treatment, doctor's behavior, timely treatment, and knowledge of the staff about SOPs. The data was split into 75 % training and 25 % testing dataset. Python’s Library SK-learn was used for implementation. The accuracy of the classifier on the test dataset is 96.91 %. The paper then determines the variables that are contributing the most to the measure of effectiveness and efficiencies of hospitals. The algorithm also ranks these features that can be used to improve a hospital's performance. It also provides a benchmark to the patients in the selection of hospitals for healthcare facilities.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate Selection for Numbers of neurons and layers in a Neural Network Architecture: A Brief Analysis","authors":"Asif Aziz, T. Khan, Umar Iftikhar, Irfan Tanoli, Asif Khalid Qureshi","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.438","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of optimal number of neurons and layers in a proposed neural architecture is very complex for the better results. The determination of the hidden layer number is also very difficult task for the proposed network. The recognition of the effective neural network model in terms of accuracy and precision in results as well as in terms of computational resources is very crucial in the community of the computer scientists. An effective proposed neural network architecture must comprise the appropriate numbers of perceptrons and number of layers. Another research gap was also reported by the researchers community that the perceptron stuck during the training phase in finding minima or maxima for stochastic gradient to solve any engineering application. Therefore to resolve the problem of selection of neurons and layers an analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of the neural network architecture with different neurons and layers on the same data set. The results revealed that the justified network architecture would contain justified number of neurons and layers as more number of neurons and layers increase more computational resources and training time. It was suggested that a neural network architecture should be proposed comprising of minimum 2 to 5 layers. Entropy and Mean square error was  considered as a yardstick to measure the neural network architecture performance. Results depicted that the an effective neural network architecture must initially be simulated or checked with minimum number of instances to evaluate the model.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"29 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prototype Development for Solar Energy Tracking Based on Arduino in QUEST Campus Larkana","authors":"Abdul Hameed Soomro, SanaUllah Talani, Talha Soomro, Faraz Ali Khushk, Ahmer Ali Bhatti","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.579","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of solar energy has become increasingly popular due to its renewable and sustainable nature. However, one of the primary challenges in solar energy harvesting is the optimization of the amount of energy that can be captured from the sun. The implementation of solar trackers is an effective solution that enables the automatic adjustment of the solar panel's position to face the sun throughout the day. In this project, an Arduino-based solar tracker prototype was designed and implemented to optimize the solar energy harvesting process. The system employs Light-Dependent Resistors (LDRs) to detect sunlight intensity and a servo motor to adjust the position of the solar panel accordingly. The system was programmed using the Arduino programming language and was tested using a small-scale solar panel. The increasing demand for cost-effective and easy-to-install renewable energy systems has led to a growing interest in photovoltaic solar energy for residential use. To optimize energy production, a two-axis photovoltaic solar tracker that orients the solar panel toward the maximum solar radiation is proposed in this study. The use of Free Computer Aided Design (CAD) 0.15 for the prototype's design, combined with Arduino technology, provides an affordable solution for mounting the solar tracker on flat roofs and other horizontal building elements. The performance of the solar tracker was evaluated under various testing conditions, showcasing an enhanced level of accuracy and energy production when compared to traditional fixed systems. The prototype's successful demonstration represents a significant advancement in the field, providing a practical solution for small-scale and residential solar energy applications. This research prototype was developed and installed on the roof of the Electrical department of QUEST, Campus Larkana, and validated through simulation results.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"20 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) based Health Care Monitoring: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Qaisar Ayyub","doi":"10.33317/ssurj.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.490","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) based Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN), play a very important role in the implementation of IoT devices. It is an upcoming research area in which we implement new advancement techniques, such as various algorithms. In this research, we explore how to secure IoT devices from cyber-attacks and also define how to handle the communication packets between IoT devices. Some IoT devices require more resources for communication so we define the techniques used to reduce these resources. The main purpose of this review is to provide a quick review of all techniques for novice researcher who wants to start their research in this domain. Now the universe is getting smaller due to a sharp growth in scientific and technological research. The development of communication technologies over the past few decades is remarkable. It has gotten harder for medical associates to take care of the patients by coming into the hospital and then personally checking them. The population of the world is increasing and the area is getting smaller. The development of wireless communication has provided a solution to these issues in the form of a remote health monitoring system. The WBAN in the domain of medicine provides the best way for patient monitoring inside or outside the hospital. Through WBAN, we can easily monitor the patient's state without visiting the hospital. WBAN is used in multiple areas such as energy-saving, eHealth monitoring systems to maintain the quality services of data, and many other areas. In this paper, we survey the current state of various aspects of WBAN technologies that are being used in healthcare applications, the targeted area is the eHealth monitoring system. Using multiple WBAN techniques, we aim to identify which techniques are giving better results in data transmission, storing, and maintaining patient data privacy and also identify the best performance using multiple techniques based on the two most important parameters such as ‘throughput’, and ‘delay’. These parameters estimate the overall performance of any WBAN system. We collected data from the last 15 years' papers. The major contribution of this paper is to identify the best technique in e-healthcare among all in terms of delay and throughput used in the past recent years.","PeriodicalId":361186,"journal":{"name":"Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}