Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business最新文献_第3页

Value Chain and Stakeholders’ Analyses of Batik Tulis Industry in Indonesia 印尼蜡染图丽产业价值链与利益相关者分析

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.38898

M. Isa, M. Wajdi, L. Mangifera, Ahmad Mardalis, N. Kamarulzaman

{"title":"Value Chain and Stakeholders’ Analyses of Batik Tulis Industry in Indonesia","authors":"M. Isa, M. Wajdi, L. Mangifera, Ahmad Mardalis, N. Kamarulzaman","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.38898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.38898","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to analyze the values added of batik tulis production and to analyze stakeholders’ objectives and competitiveness of batik tulis business. The study used a mixed method, a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. The data were analyzed using several analyses namely content analysis, value chain analysis, and stakeholder analysis. The content analysis was carried out to identify and to explain the supply chain of batik tulis production. The value chain analysis was undertaken to identify the existing stages of the value chain in batik tulis production. The stakeholders analysis was used to analyze stakeholders’ objectives and competitiveness of batik tulis business. The results revealed that the value chain of batik tulis production started from the procurement of raw materials, production processes, and sales. The highest added values obtained were through sales to wholesalers and retailers as compared to sales by displaying the products in galleries. The average profit margin earned by each entrepreneur exceeded 50% of the main production costs. Profit and reputation were revealed as the two stakeholders’ objectives that have the strongest and the most dominant influences in the industry. The entrepreneurs are expected to further optimize the activities that contribute the highest added values to be more efficient in managing the production costs, and in maintaining the interrelationship with other players of batik tulis entrepreneurs as well as with the suppliers of raw materials so that the cooperation can be carried out effectively.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Transformations in Latin American Healthcare: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospital Beds, Medical Doctors, and Nurses from 1960 to 2022 拉丁美洲医疗保健的变革：1960年至2022年医院床位、医生和护士的回顾性分析

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.42709

Mauricio Matus, Paloma Fernández Pérez

{"title":"Transformations in Latin American Healthcare: A Retrospective Analysis of Hospital Beds, Medical Doctors, and Nurses from 1960 to 2022","authors":"Mauricio Matus, Paloma Fernández Pérez","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.42709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.42709","url":null,"abstract":"Latin America's healthcare systems evolved nonlinearly, influenced by diverse models, historical events, and political regimes. Limited knowledge exists despite national-level efforts, indicating a need for long-term statistics to assess the effects of reforms and understand healthcare changes in the region.\u0000The article contributes to the Actor Network Theory (ANT) claim for better understanding of complex networks through a description of its main long term comparable components with a long term quantitative series for 20 Latin American countries, spanning from 1960 to 2020, on the number of hospital beds, physicians, and nurses (per capita) and healthcare expenditure (in US dollars per capita). The primary goal of this study is to showcase and describe the historical trends and patterns of these variables in the region. The results remain in purpose in this article in a descriptive level, due to the lack of reliable long term series that require in our view to disseminate the data so a broader scientific community may use them to obtain more contextualized interpretations in the different countries involved. The article, nevertheless, shows that there is a very convincing demonstration of the existence of an overall improvement in all the indicators considered and for most Latin American countries. They are leaders in most of the analyses and most of the time, Cuba, Argentina, and Uruguay. They are accompanied, depending on the indicator and the period, by Costa Rica and Panama. On the contrary, there are setbacks in Venezuela and minor progress or stagnation in most Central American countries.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42055972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Employee Relationship Management and Organizational Agility: Mediating Role of Employee Empowerment in Consumer Goods Sector 员工关系管理与组织敏捷性：员工赋权在消费品行业的中介作用

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.36938

A. Sajuyigbe, Anthony Abiodun Eniola, Adebanji William Adejuwon Ayeni, N. Obi

{"title":"Employee Relationship Management and Organizational Agility: Mediating Role of Employee Empowerment in Consumer Goods Sector","authors":"A. Sajuyigbe, Anthony Abiodun Eniola, Adebanji William Adejuwon Ayeni, N. Obi","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.36938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.36938","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the mediating role of employee empowerment in the relationship between employee relationship management and organizational agility. The survey method was used in the study using a closed-end copy of the questionnaire to collect data from three hundred and fifty-eight (358) respondents via the Google Document platform. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using the PROCESS macro program as a regression-based software package. The results show that employee relationships have a significant impact on organizational agility. It was also found that managing relationships with employees improves employee empowerment because it helps them achieve their organizational goals directly by allowing them to make decisions. Finally, there is a good link between employee empowerment and organizational agility. The results also indicate that employee empowerment has a positive and important relationship with employee relationships and organizational agility. This study establishes a strong role for employee empowerment as an intermediary between employee relationship management and organizational management. This means that all employers have the greatest competitive advantage of always empowering their staff with recognized world-class talent. The study has contributed to the body of knowledge by demonstrating the RBT's adaptability in a pandemic period to optimize employee motivation at the expense of acknowledging the instinct of organizational agility in a challenging era where change occurs without warning.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Organizational perspectives for Stock Exchanges in a fragile global world: Forecasts and Speculations 脆弱的全球世界中证券交易所的组织视角：预测和推测

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.2.38128

M. E. Mata

引用次数: 0

The Hispanic World at War and the Global Transformation of Commerce. Global Merchants in Spanish America: Business, Networks and Independence (1800-1830) 战争中的西班牙裔世界与全球商业转型。西班牙裔美国的全球商人：商业、网络与独立（1800-1830）

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.40640

Deborah Besseghini, Ander Permanyer-Ugartemendia

{"title":"The Hispanic World at War and the Global Transformation of Commerce. Global Merchants in Spanish America: Business, Networks and Independence (1800-1830)","authors":"Deborah Besseghini, Ander Permanyer-Ugartemendia","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.40640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.40640","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue investigates how in the times of war, political turmoil, and disruption of commercial practices during the Age of Revolutions two centuries ago, merchants appear as demiurges of a new order. This is part of a polycentric reading of epochal transformations that does not deny the primacy of politics and military power in establishing relations of force, but which underline the complex negotiations at their base. The collection of essays looks at the profound global consequences of the fall of the Spanish American empire, particularly as they related to the decline of mercantilism and the reconfiguration of both Atlantic and inter-Pacific commerce. A crucial element in this transformation was the war economy, which had implications not only in Spanish America, but in the whole of the Hispanic world and beyond. Global merchants or businessmen —foreigners and Hispanic— strategically located in the Hispanic World, whose networks and affairs linked Europe, Asia and the Americas, worked within the vacuum created by the crisis of the Spanish monarchy in what was a fluid and foundational moment. The essays investigate how the Napoleonic Wars and the Wars of Independence against Spain accelerated the emergence of new actors, practices, rules and commercial circuits, by analyzing the personal and business networks that built, redefined and renegotiated the role of Hispanic America in the global economy. This prosopography of merchants thus shows trajectories through which, despite infinite difficulties, global and transregional merchants appear as one of the maieutic forces in the birth of the modern world.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47799970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Collapse of Mercantilism: Anglo-Hispanic Trans-Pacific Ventures in Asia at the End of the Spanish Empire (1815–30) 重商主义的崩溃：西班牙帝国末期亚洲的盎格鲁-西班牙裔跨太平洋风险投资（1815–30）

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34044

Ander Permanyer-Ugartemendia

{"title":"The Collapse of Mercantilism: Anglo-Hispanic Trans-Pacific Ventures in Asia at the End of the Spanish Empire (1815–30)","authors":"Ander Permanyer-Ugartemendia","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34044","url":null,"abstract":"Early modern connections between the Pacific shores of the Spanish Empire have been assessed in previous studies and yet, studies on the subsequent developments during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are scant. This particularly applies to the consequences of the commercial developments at the end of the Manila Galleon and the collapse of the Spanish Empire in America. Through the analysis of the professional networks of Francisco Xavier de Ezpeleta, and Juan Nepomuceno Machado, which stretched from Asia to Mexico at the time, this paper proposes some preliminary conclusions about trans-Pacific links. It focuses on the study of networks and connections, and builds upon archival sources — mostly from the Jardine Matheson Archive, in Cambridge. In the transition from the eighteenth to the nineteenth centuries, actors who made up Hispanic trading networks in what remained of the crumbling Spanish Empire, reorganised to benefit from opportunities as mercantilist limitations came to an end. In so doing, by the 1820s, Hispanic traders allied with the forebears of the British firm of Jardine, Matheson & Co., and controlled the resulting networks. This paper points to Hispanic trans-Pacific connections during the development of European private trade between East Asia and the Mexican Pacific. Ties between British and Hispanic merchants are key for the analysis of the opium trade and Western imperialism in East Asia, and the development of British commercial hegemony in Latin America in the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

From Bourbon Reform to Open Markets in California, 1801-1821 从波旁改革到加州开放市场(1801-1821

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34100

M. Duggan

{"title":"From Bourbon Reform to Open Markets in California, 1801-1821","authors":"M. Duggan","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Consulado de México was the mercantile guild that acted as commercial nerve-center of Spain’s empire in the Americas. From 1801 to 1821, one of its members, Pedro González de Noriega, influenced California’s economic growth by putting his nephew, José de la Guerra y Noriega, into the colony’s military supply line. In 1801, for what purpose did De la Guerra y Noriega come to California? Whatever his intention, his life-plan changed in 1810, when insurgency broke out in New Spain, and military payroll ceased to arrive in California. Between 1811 and 1821, how did De la Guerra y Noriega adapt to this structural change by negotiating with international merchants from Manila to San Blas and Lima to supply California? As Spain’s empire unraveled, we follow the microhistory of the Noriega mercantile network, as it reconfigured to the macroeconomic context of political transformation of the Pacific Rim in the context of Mexican independence from Spain. The De la Guerra Collection at the Santa Bárbara Mission Archive-Library reveals that Guadalajara was Mexico’s emerging center for Pacific commerce, with San Blas as Guadalajara’s principal port. By Mexican independence in 1821, De la Guerra had established Santa Bárbara, California as the center of his family’s business, rather than Mexico City. Even as Manila merchants relocated to Tepic, he maintained ties with them. He also traded with the British in Callao, Peru, which is how he came to send his son to be educated in Liverpool with the Brotherston family.\u0000","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42128680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foreign Traders in South America and the Financing of the Independence Wars, 1820-1830 南美的外国商人和独立战争的资金，1820-1830

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34110

Christina Mazzeo

{"title":"Foreign Traders in South America and the Financing of the Independence Wars, 1820-1830","authors":"Christina Mazzeo","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34110","url":null,"abstract":"Studying commerce and traders from a global perspective allows us to analyze the material and cultural exchanges that took place beyond national borders, which are often obscured by traditional historical perspectives centered on the nation. This wide terrain is explored here by addressing — and visualizing — the interrelations between the South American ports of Lima, Valparaíso and Buenos Aires, from the vantage point of independent Peru. To do so, we study the links among foreign merchants who were rooted or closely connected to such ports in the context of the South American wars of independence. War placed Peru in a disastrous economic situation, a circumstance that foreign merchants exploited by becoming the main lenders to the new State, which struggled to cover the expenses of the army to sustain the war. These businessmen created a mercantile network that bridged the boundaries of the recently created nation-states and testified to their great business skills as it broke the economic system of commercial control that had prevailed during three hundred years. Research in Peruvian Governmental, Notary, and Customs documentation unveils their ability to act as agents, negotiate loans and purchases, and take advantage of the wartime crisis to become the main providers of weaponry and military supplies and acquire a privileged position. Since South America was not prepared to reach its independence in the early 19th century without an army, without money, or without weaponry, the nascent states’ economic and financial dependence on foreign traders that started during these times was in a sense inevitable.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44133493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Weapons of Revolution: Global Merchants and the Arms Trade in South America (1808-1824) 革命的武器:全球商人和南美的武器贸易(1808-1824)

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34043

Deborah Besseghini

{"title":"The Weapons of Revolution: Global Merchants and the Arms Trade in South America (1808-1824)","authors":"Deborah Besseghini","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34043","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the role that the arms trade connected to Hispanic American Independence Wars played in the transformations at the origins of 19th century globalization. It looks specifically at how arms supplies to governments encouraged the early post-mercantilist development of South American commerce, and some of the domino effects of such development. This turning point in economic history is analyzed through the biographical trajectories of merchants who were well positioned between geopolitics and trade, and who had “imperial” functions without being formally involved in imperialist projects. Business and political correspondence, notarial documents, and customs registers from archives in Europe and the Americas reveal the workings of networks and business affairs of global merchants whose companies were major arms importers in Buenos Aires during the years leading to Chile’s liberation. The threads of John McNeile’s (an important but neglected figure) and David DeForest’s networks hook onto the principal economic and political laboratories of the countries from whence most arms were imported: Great Britain and the United States. They reached Chile and Peru from Buenos Aires and remained crucial to the liberation campaigns, encouraging further commercial expansion along the American Pacific coast and toward Asia, and pioneering financial adventures. Relations between commercial houses active in Hispanic America and Asia reveal British and US transpacific networks and ties between Hispanic American and Asian commerce and economies. The article thus shows how, by bringing together fragmented and scattered sources from both sides of the Atlantic, the significance of the arms trade in South America as a driving force of globalization emerges.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41974432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defending the Nation and Searching for Wealth: Merchants and Privateers of Chile, 1817-1820 保卫国家和寻找财富:智利的商人和海盗，1817-1820

Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business Pub Date : 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34142

Francisco Betancourt Castillo

{"title":"Defending the Nation and Searching for Wealth: Merchants and Privateers of Chile, 1817-1820","authors":"Francisco Betancourt Castillo","doi":"10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34142","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent warfare marked the Independence process in Hispanic America, and was evident on the high seas between the newly formed States and forces loyal to the Spanish Crown. Faced with persistent maritime threats, some independent governments encouraged privateering to help the newly formed national navies secure the seas and harass the enemy. This also helped make international merchandise trade safer, which was vital for the good progress of internal markets and the public treasuries: in short, for the “national” economy.\u0000Privateering brought about new and unique business opportunities for many traders established in Chile to intervene in and boost merchandise trade, and, by its very nature, encouraged diversification. Moreover, it involved traditional inter-regional or terrestrial trade and “peaceful” shipping activities, as well as, in some cases, contracts with the State. Corsairs were able to obtain unexpected revenues by attacking their “Spanish” competitors trading with the Peninsula. Using documents from the Chilean Ministry of the Navy, case-studies will show how this type of business developed in the years of its apogee and its implications on the consolidation of Independence and the subsequent construction of the Republican State.","PeriodicalId":36112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0