International Marine Energy Journal最新文献_第2页

An innovative Hardware-In-the-Loop rig for linear PTO testing 用于线性PTO测试的创新硬件在环设备

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.305-314

G. Alessandri, F. Gallorini, L. Castellini, D. Montoya, E. Alves, E. Tedeschi

{"title":"An innovative Hardware-In-the-Loop rig for linear PTO testing","authors":"G. Alessandri, F. Gallorini, L. Castellini, D. Montoya, E. Alves, E. Tedeschi","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.305-314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.305-314","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the activities related to the design, manufacturing and commissioning of an innovative Hardware-In-the-Loop test rig for linear Power Take-Off testing. The rig is characterised by a fully coupled architecture in which three electro-mechanical units integrating a ballscrew and an electrical machine can actuate on a linear axis, either as motor or generator. A preliminary mechanical design of the test rig was carried out by identifying the most demanding conditions. The electrical and mechanical designs were assessed through a de-risking simulation of the overall test rig set-up, considering faults between the motors and respective power converters. The resulting rig setup includes a structure that embeds the three units, an electrical control panel and a control system. The use of electro-mechanical units increases the flexibility of the setup and simplifies the test of extreme conditions such as maximum output power or actuation force. Moreover, it allows reusing the power produced by the generating devices, thus reducing operational costs of the tests. The control system integrates a real-time hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform, a supervisory control and data acquisition systems. Those offer not only the possibility of easily tuning parameters but also testing new control strategies, operational situations, and failures of a power-take-off system in very realistic conditions.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44662301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Improving tidal turbine array performance through the optimisation of layout and yaw angles 通过优化布局和偏航角提高潮汐涡轮机阵列性能

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.273-280

Can Zhang, S. Kramer, A. Angeloudis, Jisheng Zhang, Xiangfeng Lin, M. Piggott

{"title":"Improving tidal turbine array performance through the optimisation of layout and yaw angles","authors":"Can Zhang, S. Kramer, A. Angeloudis, Jisheng Zhang, Xiangfeng Lin, M. Piggott","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.273-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.273-280","url":null,"abstract":"Tidal stream currents change in magnitude and direction during flood and ebb tides. Setting the most appropriate yaw angles for a tidal turbine is not only important to account for the performance of a single turbine, but can also be significant for the interactions between the turbines within an array. In this paper, a partial differentiation equation (PDE) constrained optimisation approach is established based on the Thetis coastal ocean modelling framework. The PDE constraint takes the form here of the two-dimensional, depth-averaged shallow water equations which are used to simulate tidal elevations and currents in the presence of tidal stream turbine arrays. The Sequential Least Squares Programming (SLSQP) algorithm is applied with a gradient obtained via the adjoint method in order to perform array design optimisation. An idealised rectangular channel test case is studied to demonstrate this optimisation framework. Located in the centre of the computational domain, arrays comprised of 12 turbines are tested in aligned and staggered layouts. The setups are initially optimised based on their yaw angles alone. In turn, turbine coordinates and yaw angles are also optimized simultaneously. Results indicate that for an aligned turbine array case under steady state conditions, the energy output can be increased by approximately 80% when considering yaw angle optimisation alone. For the staggered turbine array, the increase is approximately 30%. The yaw optimised staggered array is able to outperform the yaw optimised aligned array by approximately 8%. If both layout and the yaw angles of the turbines are considered within the optimisation then the increase is more significant compared with optimising yaw angle alone.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45946856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Misled by Betz and unsteady flow 被贝茨和非定常流误导

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.239-247

P. Pelz, Jan Lemmer, C. Schmitz

{"title":"Misled by Betz and unsteady flow","authors":"P. Pelz, Jan Lemmer, C. Schmitz","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.239-247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.239-247","url":null,"abstract":"A turbine array is an adjustable flow resistanceR placed in a tidal channel. Ideally, it is designedand operated to maximise energy yield. Garrett & Cummins(2005), using optimal control theory applied to the RCelementchannel (R) and basin (C), showed: the energyextraction from the flow PT + PD is maximised when theflow rate is slowed down by a factor of 1/√3. This resultis independent of the ratio of the extracted mechanicalpower PT to the total power extraction including the powerloss PD due to the mixing of the bypass flows within theturbine field. The optimisation task for turbine arrays ismaximising PT. This objective raises two questions: ”Whatis the maximum power PT that can be extracted, and what isthe optimal design (size, topology) and operation to achievethis output?” When addressing them, the literature stilluses the Betz ‘limit’ as a reference. The work presentedhighlights two major problems. First, the Betz ’limit’ isnot a constant upper bound for open channel flow. Thisproblem has been discussed and solved by the first author(2011, 2020). Second and more importantly, the presentedpaper points out the misconception under which severalresearch studies referred to array topologies as ‘optimal’with regard to design and operation. Hereby, the presentedpaper contributes to the advancement of tidal power on anaxiomatic basis. The misleading by Betz and overvaluingof transient effects is made transparent in a scientificdiscourse.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45418739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Development and Assessment of a Hybrid Breakwater-Integrated Wave Energy Converter 混合防波堤-集成波能转换器的研制与评价

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.281-291

T. Calheiros-Cabral, A. Majidi, V. Ramos, Gianmaria Giannini, P. Rosa-Santos, F. Taveira-Pinto

{"title":"Development and Assessment of a Hybrid Breakwater-Integrated Wave Energy Converter","authors":"T. Calheiros-Cabral, A. Majidi, V. Ramos, Gianmaria Giannini, P. Rosa-Santos, F. Taveira-Pinto","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.281-291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.281-291","url":null,"abstract":"Harnessing and using marine renewable energy at seaports is a promising solution to put these energy-intensive infrastructures on the right track to energy self-sufficiency and environmental sustainability, reducing their carbon footprint. This paper presents a summary of the main conclusions and achievements of a recently concluded R&D project that encompassed the experimental study of an innovative hybrid wave energy converter integrated into a case-study rubble-mound breakwater in the Port of Leixões, Portugal. It also describes the prospective studies planned in two ongoing projects, PORTOS – Ports Towards Energy Self-Sufficiency and WEC4Ports – A hybrid Wave Energy Converter for Ports, intended to further develop and assess this promising technology. It has been demonstrated that its wave-to-wire efficiency and annual energy production are 27.3% and 35.0 MWh/m per year, respectively, for the case-study location. Hence, a 240 m long device could provide more than half of the port’s electricity consumption, which vows for the device’s potential. Moreover, the impact of its integration into the case-study breakwater showed that it leads to a 50% reduction of overtopping discharges over the structure, and no significant effects on the structure’s wave reflection, although the stability of the toe berm blocks was negatively impacted. Overall, the conclusions obtained are favourable to the integration of this technology into rubble-mound breakwaters. Notwithstanding, further research is still needed, namely in terms of wave forces acting upon the structure, important for the assessment of the functional performance and lifecycle readiness of the technology, and the use of PTO control strategies. This is being addressed in PORTOS and WEC4Ports projects.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48111218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Effect of Fouling on the Performance of an Instream Turbine 污垢对入流式水轮机性能的影响

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.229-237

R. Starzmann, N. Kaufmann, P. Jeffcoate, Ray Pieroway, M. Guerra, A. Hay

{"title":"Effect of Fouling on the Performance of an Instream Turbine","authors":"R. Starzmann, N. Kaufmann, P. Jeffcoate, Ray Pieroway, M. Guerra, A. Hay","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.229-237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.229-237","url":null,"abstract":"As the tidal energy industry starts to mature towards commercial projects a key focus is on reliable power performance. As for any marine application, fouling poses a potential performance reduction risk for instream turbine deployments. \u0000SCHOTTEL HYDRO have developed their current commercial SCHOTTEL Instream Turbines. Four drivetrains with 6.3m rotors were deployed on the surface platform PLAT-I by Sustainable Marine Energy. One of PLAT-Is key features is access to the turbines for inspection and maintenance in situ. The system has undergone sea testing from 2017 to 2021 in Scotland and Nova Scotia (Canada). \u0000This paper presents the hydrodynamic rotor performance reduction due to fouling based on full-scale experimental results. An in-house blade element momentum model is used to quantify the changes of the hydrodynamic forces in terms of lift and drag for the hydrofoils used. Furthermore, the effect of fouling on the downstream wake was quantified in the field. The performance reduction due to fouling is significant and leads to a power drop of up to 43%, whereas the thrust is reduced by 25%. This is also reflected in a reduction of the turbine’s downstream wake as a “fouled” rotor extracts less energy from the flow. Modifications of the polar data, used for semi-empirical performance predictions, are able to predict the effect of fouling on the rotor performance. \u0000In general, the results derived from the testing prove the significance of access to the turbines in order to avoid reduction in the turbines’ performance due to fouling.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47511691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Operations and maintenance optimisation for a 100 MW wave energy farm in Ireland 爱尔兰100兆瓦波浪能农场的运行和维护优化

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.349-362

S. Giorgi, A. Henry, Ben Kennedy, Joseph Van't Hoff, R. Costello, Pierre Lourdais, Hervé Gaviglio, Matt Dickson

{"title":"Operations and maintenance optimisation for a 100 MW wave energy farm in Ireland","authors":"S. Giorgi, A. Henry, Ben Kennedy, Joseph Van't Hoff, R. Costello, Pierre Lourdais, Hervé Gaviglio, Matt Dickson","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.349-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.349-362","url":null,"abstract":"Marine operations that are required for the development and service of offshore wave energy farms represent a significant proportion of the total project costs. These operations can be optimised through design and innovation to improve the LCOE of the project. This paper presents an analysis of marine operations in offshore renewable energy projects and ows the importance of early, detailed analysis and optimisation of these activities. The analysis uses general-purpose techno-economic analysis software developed by Wave Venture. The software provides an integrated engineering and financial simulation specifically designed for the needs of offshore renewable energy technology. A 100 MW wave energy farm, made up of 250 CorPower devices, off the west coast of Ireland is defined and analysed to demonstrate the capabilities of the techno-economic analysis incorporating a marine operations logistics model. The results demonstrate the strength of integrated logistics and finance software in the analysis and design of wave farms, and how these simulations can lead to significant improvements in the LCOE of offshore renewable energy projects.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48869046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of the kinetic energy recovery behind a tidal stream turbine for various submergence levels 潮汐涡轮机在不同淹没水平下的动能回收分析

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.265-272

P. Ouro, P. Stansby, T. Stallard

{"title":"Analysis of the kinetic energy recovery behind a tidal stream turbine for various submergence levels","authors":"P. Ouro, P. Stansby, T. Stallard","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.265-272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.265-272","url":null,"abstract":"Tidal turbines are commonly deployed at sea sites with water depths of up to 50 m to ease their deployment and quick maintenance operations. In these relatively shallow water depth conditions, the vertical expansion of tidal stream turbine wakes is restricted by the proximity of the rotor blades to the bottom bed and free-surface layer. These physical constrains can lead to changes in the flow mechanisms that drive momentum recovery behind the turbines, e.g. limiting the vertical fluxes of velocity. Understanding how the wake recovers depending on the submergence ratio is of utmost importance to designing the future multi-row tidal turbine arrays. Here, we adopt high-fidelity Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) with an Actuator Line Method (ALM) to represent the turbine's rotor to analyse the mean flow and transport equation for mean kinetic energy (MKE) behind a single bottom-fixed tidal turbine for four water depth values. Our results show that the close proximity of the turbine blade tip to the free-surface can notably constrain the wake expansion, with very shallow conditions leading to a limited contribution to the MKE replenishment of the turbulent momentum exchange over the vertical direction. Conversely, under such shallow conditions, the horizontal flux of MKE is enhanced over the lateral boundaries of the downstream wake. Our study evidences that the ratio of water depth to turbine diameter plays a relevant role in future tidal arrays and needs to be correctly accounted for in numerical models to provide reliable results.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49315496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of WEC-Sim development and applications WEC-Sim的开发和应用综述

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.293-303

David Ogden, K. Ruehl, Yi-Hsiang Yu, Adam Keester, D. Forbush, Jorge Leon, Nathan Tom

引用次数: 13

Numerical Evaluation of Climate Scatter Performance of a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter 摆线波能量转换器气候散射性能的数值评估

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-19 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.315-326

Kedar Chitale, C. Fagley, A. Mohtat, S. Siegel

{"title":"Numerical Evaluation of Climate Scatter Performance of a Cycloidal Wave Energy Converter","authors":"Kedar Chitale, C. Fagley, A. Mohtat, S. Siegel","doi":"10.36688/imej.5.315-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.5.315-326","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean waves offer an uninterrupted, rich resource of globally available renewable energy. However, because of their high cost and low power production, commercial wave energy converters are not operational at present. In this paper, we numerically evaluated the performance of a novel feedback-controlled lift-based cycloidal wave energy converter (CycWEC) at various sea states of the Humboldt Bay wave climate. The device comprised of two hydrofoils attached eccentrically to a shaft at a radius, submerged at a distance under the ocean surface. The pitch of the blades was feedback-controlled based on estimation of the incoming wave. The simulations were performed for regular waves and irregular waves approximated with a JONSWAP spectrum. Climate data from Humboldt Bay, CA was used to estimate the yearly power generation. The results underline the importance of a well-tuned control algorithm to maximize the annual energy production. The estimated annual energy production of the CycWEC was 3000MWh from regular wave simulations and 1800MWh from irregular wave simulations, showing that it can be a commercially viable means of electricity production from ocean waves.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49286896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Power extraction from floating elastic plates 从浮动弹性板中提取动力

International Marine Energy Journal Pub Date : 2022-10-07 DOI: 10.36688/imej.5.209-218

S. Michele, Federica Buriani, E. Renzi

引用次数: 1