Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study of NDSolve and Keller Box in nanofluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics with entropy analysis","authors":"M.Z. Kiyani ,&nbsp;A. Aeman ,&nbsp;Saeed Ahmad ,&nbsp;Shahid Farooq","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management is critical for the development of high-performance biosensors and microfluidic devices where excessive heat can degrade signal accuracy and component life. This study investigates the complex interactions of heat and mass transport in a magnetized nanofluid flowing over a stretching surface within a porous medium. By analyzing entropy generation, a measure of energy wasted as heat, this research provides a framework for optimizing the energy efficiency and sensitivity of microscale systems. The physical model was transformed into a set of mathematical equations and solved using the Keller-Box numerical method, a highly stable computational technique. The analysis specifically accounted for the combined effects of magnetic fields, thermal radiation, and the Darcy-Forchheimer law, which describes how fluids move through restricted porous structures. Quantitative results reveal that increasing the Forchheimer number (representing porous resistance) from 0.5 to 2.0 leads to a 12% reduction in fluid velocity, while higher magnetic field strengths significantly elevate local entropy production. Notably, the study found that maintaining a Brinkman number below 1.0 is essential for minimizing internal heat generation, which can otherwise increase entropy by over 25%. Furthermore, the Bejan number analysis confirms that heat transfer dominates entropy production in the region closest to the stretching surface, whereas fluid friction becomes the primary source of energy loss further into the flow.</div><div>These findings conclude that precise control over magnetic and radiative parameters can be leveraged to suppress thermal noise and improve signal fidelity in advanced sensors. The novelty of this work lies in its integrated approach to Darcy-Forchheimer resistance and non-uniform magnetic effects, moving beyond previous literature by providing specific design limits for minimizing energy dissipation in bio-integrated microstructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational study of gamma ray attenuation parameters of polymers using Phy-X/PSD and WinXcom Programs","authors":"Eman Mosa Rashed ,&nbsp;Ali Abid Abojassim ,&nbsp;Ali Saeed Jassim","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work sheds light on the attenuation of gamma rays by various polymer types, which identifies their potential suitability for further investigation as radiation-shielding materials. Gamma-ray attenuation behavior of a broad range of polymers such as (dimethyl sulfoxide, polyethyleneimine, high-density polyethylene, and polymethyl pentane) were investigated using the Phy-X/PSD code and the well-established XCOM program across several gamma-ray sources and an extended energy range (0.01 - 3 MeV). Among the polymers analyzed, for gamma-ray-in the purpose of gamma-ray shielding, the most suitable polymer used for gamma-ray shielding was found to be dimethyl sulfoxide compared to others. This method showed better performance with its high mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number. In addition, the results indicate that the half-value layers, tenth-value layers, and the mean free path are less in depth for dimethyl sulfoxide; this signifies its superior shielding ability and its potential use in radioprotective purposes. Additionally, this work underscores the relationship between polymer composition and photon-matter interactions and the need to utilize appropriate materials in accordance with relevant gamma-energy ranges during radiation protection-related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption and dissociation of H2S on Fe(110) surface: A comprehensive ab initio study","authors":"Shikai Wei,&nbsp;Li Huang,&nbsp;Zifeng Zhao,&nbsp;Yuran Fan,&nbsp;Feng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, ab initio molecular dynamics is used to study the adsorption and dissociation of H₂S on Fe (110) surface and the diffusion process after dissociation, and also explore the influence of aqueous solution, temperature and defects on this process. The research results suggest that H₂S can be stably adsorbed at the bridge and hollow site, in which the bridge site is the most stable site. The dissociation of H₂S on the surface occurs easily since the first-order dissociation and the second-order dissociation can happen quickly in a very short time. The whole process is clearly shown, that is, dissociation occurs at the bridge site but the dissociated S is adsorbed at the hollow site and the H atoms diffuse on the surface. Aqueous solution, defects and temperature all affect the rate of dissociation, but do not affect the result of complete dissociation of H₂S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical analysis of slip-induced MHD radiative nanofluid flow near a rear stagnation point over a stretching sheet using Corcione's correlation","authors":"Khadija Rafique ,&nbsp;Zafar Mahmood ,&nbsp;Ioan-Lucian Popa ,&nbsp;Erkin Kholiyarov ,&nbsp;Iskandar Allazov ,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study conducts a numerical investigation of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic rear stagnation-point flow and heat transfer in an <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>–</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> nanofluid. The investigation seeks to determine the impact of nanoparticle properties and surface transport conditions on flow behaviour and thermal performance. The mathematical model integrates mass suction, thermal radiation, Navier slip, and temperature jump effects, with the effective viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluid assessed by Corcione's correlation. The governing partial differential equations are simplified into a system of ordinary differential equations using the appropriate similarity transformations. Then, the MATLAB bvp4c solver is used to obtain the numerical solution. The findings demonstrate that a reduced nanoparticle diameter (dp = 28 nm) and an increased nanoparticle volume percentage augment both the skin-friction coefficient and the heat-transfer rate. Increasing suction from <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>2.0</mn></mrow></math></span> makes heat transmission 67% better, while increasing the magnetic parameter from <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>1.5</mn></mrow></math></span> makes wall shear stress 74.5% lower. Greater surface unsteadiness and bigger temperature-jump effects reduce heat transport, whereas thermal radiation increases the fluid temperature. These findings help improve rear stagnation-point flow nanofluid-based thermal systems for cooling, thermal management, and energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mass-Energy-Information Equivalence: A bottom-up identification of the particle spectrum via FCC lattice error correction","authors":"Raghu Kulkarni","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does information possess physical mass? Modelling the physical vacuum as a substrate-free quantum error-correcting code suggests that an elementary particle’s mass is simply its fault-tolerant verification cost. We test this Mass-Energy-Information (M/E/I) equivalence on the Face-Centred Cubic (FCC) lattice, tracking defects within a <span><math><mrow><mo>[</mo><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>[</mo><mn>192</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>130</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>]</mo></mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>]</mo></mrow></math></span> CSS code. Through a bottom-up classification of all possible defect geometries, we filter 25 candidate states through four strict thermodynamic and topological axioms — Minimum Topological Dimension, Sector Completeness, Boundary Closure, and Kinematic Shedding — each derived from established QEC theory or lattice gauge theory. Exactly 5 physically stable states survive this sieve. Their verification costs — 1, 207, 273, 1836, and 1839 — match the empirical mass ratios of the electron, muon, pion, proton, and neutron to within 0.12%. The rejected configurations violate specific physical constraints and match no known particles. No parameters are fitted. This offers highly constrained macroscopic evidence that inertial rest mass is the thermodynamic shadow of quantum error correction overhead.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond standard DFT: Accurate electronic and NLO characterization of ZnSe and GaN for QPM device design using HSE06 hybrid functional","authors":"Dahame Tahar,&nbsp;Yousfi Aissa,&nbsp;El Hamra Fatima,&nbsp;Fadla Mohamed Abdelilah,&nbsp;Djeradi Sabrina,&nbsp;Bendelala Fathi,&nbsp;Sarhani Mohammed Elsaid","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Designing efficient optoelectronic devices requires a precise understanding of the bandgap, a parameter often poorly predicted by standard DFT. In this study, we tackle this “bandgap problem” for cubic <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span> (space group <span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><mover><mn>4</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mn>3</mn><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>) by employing the hybrid HSE06 functional. Our calculations, performed with high energy cut-offs of <span><math><mrow><mn>800</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>600</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>, yielded accurate bandgap values of <span><math><mrow><mn>2.587</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>2.449</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>. These hybrid results represent a significant correction over traditional <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>G</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span>/ <span><math><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></math></span> underestimations. To ensure a consistent description of response properties, the BLYP functional was utilized to calculate the second-order nonlinear <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>14</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> coefficients and the elastic constants <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>). The obtained <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>d</mi><mn>14</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> values (<span><math><mrow><mn>11.73</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>32.21</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> for <span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></math></span>), combined with our refined HSE06 electronic structures, allowed for a precise theoretical determination of coherence length (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) and the calculated Quasi-Phase Matching (QPM) periods for harmonic generation. Our findings demonstrate that using hybrid functionals provides a robust and physically sound basis for evaluating the potential performance of frequency-conversion devices based on wide-bandgap semiconductors, offering high-precision parameters for future experimental development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Checking the triple product rule for the compression and expansion of gases","authors":"Igor A. Stepanov","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is shown here that the well-known thermodynamic relation which stems from the Euler's Chain Relationship is not valid for descriptions of the compression and expansion of gases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147995397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different phase matching schemes of terahertz wave generation using periodic poled lithium niobate for real-world applications","authors":"Ugrasen Singh ,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar ,&nbsp;Prashant Povel Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Ajay Mishra ,&nbsp;Nimish Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terahertz (THz) wave generation through periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in spectroscopy, imaging, communication, and security screening. Among various nonlinear optical materials, lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) has emerged as a promising medium for efficient THz generation due to strong nonlinear optical properties and wide transparency range. However, achieving efficient energy conversion requires effective phase matching to overcome phase velocity mismatch between the pump and the generated THz waves. Several phase-matching schemes have been explored to optimize THz generation. This review comprehensively discusses these schemes, analyzing their theoretical principles, experimental implementations, and practical applications. A comparative analyze is also provided to highlight the advantages and limitations of each approach. The presented literature aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate phase-matching configurations for THz generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal speed in rain: A numerical model of a dynamically deforming human body","authors":"Cristian Angelo Crespi,&nbsp;Nicola Manini","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The optimal speed for a person running in the rain trying to get soaked as little as possible has long been discussed in the physics and mathematics community. In practice, so far, the human body has mostly been represented as a simple geometric shape such as a parallelepiped or a cylinder. Here we introduce a far more refined model for the complex and dynamically deforming shape of a walking/running person. We introduce a numerical technique akin to ray tracing to evaluate the total amount of intercepted rain with an accuracy never reached in this field before. The main result is that under most wind conditions, running is preferable to walking, with a notable exception occurring when the following conditions a both met: (i) the advancing speed is close to the tailwind and (ii) the crosswind component is negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of Sm2Ni2O5: influence of co-precipitation vs sol-gel synthesis","authors":"Khethiwe Cele ,&nbsp;Sibusiso Nqayi ,&nbsp;Reddy Leelakrishna ,&nbsp;Buyisiwe Sondezi","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline Sm₂Ni₂O₅ nanoparticles (SNONPs) were synthesized via Co-precipitation and Sol-gel methods to examine how synthesis influences structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties. XRD confirmed both samples crystallized into an orthorhombic <em>Ima</em>2 structure after annealing at 800 °C for 6 h. SEM showed compact, smooth particles for Co-precipitated samples and brittle, fragmented ones for Sol-gel samples. EDS verified all expected elements with slight oxygen variation. Specific heat (0–300 K, 0.5 T) revealed distinct phase transitions: a 6 K anomaly indicating spin freezing in the Sm³⁺–O–Sm³⁺ framework; antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T_N = 9 K from Ni²⁺–O–Ni²⁺ interactions; and a ferromagnetic (FM) transition at T_C = 43.6 K associated with Ni²⁺–O–Ni³⁺ sublattices. Above T_C, a paramagnetic (PM) phase emerged. The synthesis methods significantly affect crystallinity, governing magnetic and thermodynamic activities emphasizing SNONPs promise for spintronic and low-temperature magnetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}