Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika最新文献_第4页

Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Measles and Rubella at the Present Stage 现阶段麻疹、风疹流行过程的表现

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-45-53

A. Pozdnyakov, O. P. Chernyavskaya

{"title":"Manifestations of the Epidemic Process of Measles and Rubella at the Present Stage","authors":"A. Pozdnyakov, O. P. Chernyavskaya","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-45-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-45-53","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance.Measles and rubella have been known to humanity for centuries. These two infections have a number of similarities. However, despite all the similarities and a single elimination program, it is not possible to achieve the same results by the level of the incidence of these infections. Goal. Identify common features and differences in the manifestations of the epidemic process of measles and rubella at the present stage and formulate a hypothesis on their explanation.Materials and methods. Methods of retrospective epidemiological analysis of morbidity were used: Evaluation of the statistical significance of the differences in indicators with the Student’s test. To compare the rate of decrease in the incidence of measles and rubella their exponential approximations using the method of least squares were used. To process the research data, the Microsoft Excel program was used.Results.In the pre-vaccination period, the incidence of measles was 4.6 times higher than rubella. For major infections in this period characterized by a pronounced cyclic morbidity, while the intervals between cyclical rises for measles are shorter, and the amplitude of cycles is higher. As the population was vaccinated, the incidence of these infections decreased, while the rate of decline in the incidence of rubella was higher than that of measles. Also, a faster decrease in morbidity and smoothing of the cyclicity, a transition to older age groups, a gradual exit from the incidence of younger age groups confirm that the rubella has a contact number less then measles.Conclusion.The current level of population immunity is sufficient to eliminate rubella in a relatively short time. For measles, which has greater contagiousness and a contact number, and is more demanding for population immunity, this level is not enough. As a consequence, rubella shows better «manageability» in immunization than measles.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Prevention of Imported Infectious Diseases in Travelers 预防旅客输入性传染病

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-89-95

A. A. Erovichenkov, N. N. Zvereva, M. A. Sayfullin, N. V. Okolot

{"title":"Prevention of Imported Infectious Diseases in Travelers","authors":"A. A. Erovichenkov, N. N. Zvereva, M. A. Sayfullin, N. V. Okolot","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"In modern conditions, the study, development of methods for the prevention of imported infections after international travel is an urgent problem in many countries of the world. In 2017, the world has committed more than 1322 million international trips, in Russia – 39.6 million trips abroad. The factors influencing the growth in the number of international trips made are singled out. The structure of imported infectious diseases in 380 children and 1580 adult patients hospitalized in Moscow's Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1 between 2009 and 2016 after arriving from foreign countries is given. Objective: to analyze some modern approaches to the prevention of imported infectious diseases. The modern classification of categories of travelers is given. Examples of studies conducted in different countries indicate the important role of pre-travel consultations for the prevention of imported infections. The analysis of the risks of development of certain infectious diseases in travelers has been carried out. Modern algorithms of vaccination before journeys are considered. Attention is drawn to the need to develop centers for medicine in Russia, which will help provide practical health care in the prevention of imported infections.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Вирус папилломы человека – новый этиологический фактор в развитии рака органов головы и шеи. Проблемы и перспективы их решения 人类乳头状瘤病毒是头部和颈部癌症发展的一个新的病理因素。问题及其解决方案的前景

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-100-105

А. М. Мудунов

引用次数: 2

Diphtheria Carriage 白喉马车

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-60-70

N. N. Kostyukova, V. A. Bechalo

引用次数: 6

Проблемные аспекты оценки эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинопрофилактики клещевого энцефалита 蜱传脑炎疫苗预防流行病学有效性评估的问题

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-78-88

Наталья Пеньевская, Николай Рудаков, С. А. Рудакова

{"title":"Проблемные аспекты оценки эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинопрофилактики клещевого энцефалита","authors":"Наталья Пеньевская, Николай Рудаков, С. А. Рудакова","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-78-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-78-88","url":null,"abstract":"This review analyzes the methodological reasons for the heterogeneity of the results of the evaluation of the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) using indicators such as the efficiency coefficient (COEF) and the efficiency index (IEF), and their discrepancy with similar indicators of the immunological effectiveness of vaccines. It is shown that the calculation of COEF and IEF according to official statistical reporting is illegal in connection with the emergence of systematic errors of selection due to the impossibility of retrospective formation of compared groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated, comparable in risk of infection and disease. In addition, COEF and IEF do not allow to compare the efficiency of vaccination in different areas in physical and monetary units. Based on the analysis of the literature data on immunogenicity of modern vaccines against TBE, protective titer of antibodies and results of field tests of vaccine efficacy in the conditions of total coverage of the population with vaccinations, the authors conclude that the third generation vaccines against TBE protect against disease 95–98% of persons attacked by ticks. Algorithm for calculating the number of preventable cases of TBE diseases is proposed for a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccination as an anti-epidemic measure in different areas.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

From «Hospital Mias» to «Hospital Infection» 从«医院感染»到«医院感染»

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-96-99

S. A. Svistunov, I. Svistunova, A. Kuzin, D. Zharkov

{"title":"From «Hospital Mias» to «Hospital Infection»","authors":"S. A. Svistunov, I. Svistunova, A. Kuzin, D. Zharkov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-96-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-96-99","url":null,"abstract":"The health of servicemen has always been one of the main factors playing a decisive role in the battle. The level of development of medical knowledge of military doctors plays an enormous role in maintaining the health of the personnel of the troops, together with their proper improvement. Sanitary losses of troops during the wars of the XIX-XX centuries have always been huge and depended mainly on infections, including wound infections, which many times exceeded the number of deaths during battles. Infectious complications of wounds of different genesis remain one of the most difficult problems of surgery in both peaceful and wartime. It should be noted, that Louis Pasteur was the first who spoke about infectious diseases at infectious diseases in 1862, and already in 1865, on the basis of Pasteur's experiments, the English surgeon Joseph Lister suggested using carbolic acid to fight infected wounds. These works laid the foundation of antiseptics, contributing to significant success in surgery. At the present time, new microorganisms have come to replace the classical pathogens of infectious diseases, contributing to the development of infectious complications, an increase in the duration of treatment and lethality.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Healthcare-Associated Infections: Modern Doctrine of Prophylaxis. Part I. Historical Background 医疗保健相关感染:现代预防学说。第一部分历史背景

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-17-24

E. Brusina, L. P. Zuyeva, O. Kovalishena, V. Stasenko, I. Feldblium, E. I. Briko

引用次数: 2

Chicken-Pox: «Growing» Up Infection 水痘:“成长”感染

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-10-23 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-54-59

T. Sitnik, L. V. Shteynke, N. Gabbasova

{"title":"Chicken-Pox: «Growing» Up Infection","authors":"T. Sitnik, L. V. Shteynke, N. Gabbasova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-54-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-5-54-59","url":null,"abstract":"Chicken pox in the Russian Federation in recent years has maintained a consistently high level of rating in the structure of infectious diseases and the magnitude of economic damage from infectious diseases.Purpose:was to assess the epidemiological features of chicken pox in adults over 18 years in the Voronezh region.Methods.Materials the study was of the form of Federal state statistical supervision over 2006 – 2017 years. The method of retrospective epidemiological analysis was used. Statistical data processing was performed using Microsoft Excel.Results.In recent years, in the Voronezh region there has been an increase in the incidence and hospitalization of adults diagnosed with varicella. In persons older than 18 years, more severe course and complications were observed. Cases of varicella were reported as an infection related to medical care. The sources of infection for nosocomial cases were pregnant women and healthcare professional.Conclusions.In order to prevent introduction and spread of chicken pox in medical organizations of the region it is necessary to consider the immunization of contingents at risk. It requires the introduction of a permanent statistical monitoring of individuals with a diagnosis of «Shingles».","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46805790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Prevalence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: a Descriptive Study 广泛耐药结核病的流行:一项描述性研究

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-13-19

O. Pasechnik, A. A. Zimoglyad, I. Yarusova, S. Vitriv, A. Blokh

{"title":"Prevalence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: a Descriptive Study","authors":"O. Pasechnik, A. A. Zimoglyad, I. Yarusova, S. Vitriv, A. Blokh","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-13-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-13-19","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is a threat to community health. Goal. The estimation of the prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Omsk region, along with the clinical and epidemiological description of patients with XDRTB. Methodology. A retrospective descriptive epidemiologic research of tuberculosis morbidity in Omsk region in 2006–2017 was conducted.Results. The prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Omsk region in 2006–2017 was stable at 35.6 per 100ths population with Tinc.=1.0%. The prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in Omsk region was 13.6 per 100ths population (n = 267). Among patients with XDR-TB the majority was of young working age 25–44 years (63.2%), male gender (80.9%), officially unemployed (75.6%), ill for at least 3 years (57.0%), suffering from infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (69.2%) and HIV-infected (31.8%). The resistance to seven first and second line antituberculosis drugs was found in 10.1% of patients with XDR-TB. Conclusions. The optimisation of approaches to the organization of additional measures for the prevention of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is needed.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45249217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Impact of the Introduction of Clinical Recommendations on Cardiology in the USA and Russia Federetionon Mortality from Ischemic Heart Diseas 美国和俄罗斯心脏病临床建议的引入对缺血性心脏病死亡率的影响

Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika Pub Date : 2018-09-19 DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-30-37

A. Gerasimov

引用次数: 0