Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika最新文献

{"title":"Chronic Hepatitis С in Siberian Federal District: Analysis of a Case Rate and Evolution of Genotypes of the Originator","authors":"E. Savilov, S. Malov, I. Malov, O. Ogarkov, V. Astafev, N. Chemezova, I. Miroshnichenko","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44799145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Characteristics of Inactivation Agents for HFRS Vaccine Development","authors":"C. C. Kurashova, A. Ishmukhametov, M. Egorova, M. Balovneva, T. Dzagurova, E. Tkachenko","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-26-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-26-29","url":null,"abstract":"The results of various methods of Puumala virus inactivation, including ultraviolet rays (UV), β -propiolactone (BPL) and formalin are presented. Immunogenicity of vaccine preparations obtained using these virus inactivation methods did not differ significantly in the experiments on BALB/c mice. Essential advantage of UV and BPL in relation to formaldehyde is the short time of virus inactivation.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44012179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности новых полиэтиологичных вирусных инфекций","authors":"Вл В. Шкарин, Ольга Васильевна Ковалишена, Р. Ф. Чанышева, А.В. Сергеева, O. А. Рассохина","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-4-12","url":null,"abstract":"The review article summarizes and systematizes scientific data on the pathogens of new respiratory infections discovered in the early XXI century – Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), Human bocavirus (HBoV), Human coronavirus (HCoV). Groups of microorganisms with which they act as associates are identified: other viruses (HMPV – HRSV, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, HCoV; НBoV– Rhinovirus, HRSV, Rotavirus, Norovirus; HCoV – Influenza virus, Adenovirus and HRSV), and also some bacteria (HMPV – S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b; НBoV – S. enteritidis, C. jejune; HCoV – M. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae). The clinical and epidemiological features of combined forms of infections are analyzed: predominance of moderate course, with risk of complications, risk groups (young children), seasonality (autumn-winter). The complexity of verification of these infections from other viral infections based on the clinical picture is established.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":"17 1","pages":"4-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69348859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Влияние композиции литических бактериофагов P. aeruginosa на формирование и разрушение бактериальных биопленок","authors":"Полыгач Ольга Александровна, Дабижева Александра Николаевна, Ворошилова Наталия Николаевна","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-4-20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Biofilms of bacteria, in particular, pathogens of purulent-septic and enteral diseases, play an important role in the development of the infectious process, resulting in 60–70% of its chronic and recurrent forms. About 60% of nosocomial infections are caused by bacterial biofilms. In biofilms, the bacteria themselves make up only 5–35% of its total mass, the rest is an extracellular polymer matrix consisting of exopolysaccharides, DNA and proteins, which prevents the penetration of antimicrobial agents into biofilms. Resistance of bacteria in biofilms to antibiotics is 10–1000 times higher than the established concentrations for planktonic bacterial cells. The permeability in biofilms of different antibiotics differs. Bacteria P. aeruginosa have a high, as well as rapidly acquired resistance to most antibiotics, as well as the ability to form biofilms in the foci of inflammation. Goal of the study are a comparative study of the antibacterial activity of antibiotics and the bacteriophage composition of lytic groups of KMV-likevirus, PB-1 likevirus, N4-likevirus and phiKZ-likevirus against plankton cultures of clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa, detection and study of the frequency of biofilm formation by bacteria P. aeruginosa and the preventive action of lytic bacteriophage compositions on them, as well as its ability to destroy bacterial biofilms. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the composition of bacteriophages of P. aeruginosa isolated from various sources of the external environment consisting of strains of bacteriophages of lytic groups KMV (PaUfa-1), PB-1(PaUfa-4), N4(PaUfa -3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa-15)-like viruses, which do not contain genes for drug resistance, lysogenicity and toxigenicity, at a concentration of 5 x 107 PFU/ ml, analogous to phage concentration in therapeutic and prophylactic preparations of bacteriophages and 277 clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, allocated (2016-2017), in the cities of Moscow, Voronezh, Volgograd, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasnodar, St. Petersburg. Results and discussion. A study of the sensitivity of 277 clinical and hospital strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria to various groups of antibiotics showed that it is within the range of 53.5–80%. The width of the spectrum of antibacterial activity of the composition of bacteriophages of P. aeruginosa lytic groups CMV (PaUfa -1), PB-1(PaUfa -4), N4(PaUfa -3, 6, 7) and phiKZ(PaUfa -15)-likevirus planktonic cultures of hospital and clinical strains, was 89.97% (from 82 to 100%). Of the 42 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, 33 strains (78.6%) formed biofilms, the remaining 9 strains showed less pronounced biofilm formation. After preliminary preventive treatment with a composition of bacteriophages of biofilm of strains of P. aeruginosa bacteria, 64.3% of them did not form of biofilm, in 35.7% of strains this ability decreased by 92.0–96.8%. The composition of the lytic bacteriophages KMV (PaUfa-1)","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":"17 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of Regional Meetings on the Improvement of Epidemiological Surveillance of Measles and Rubella in 2017 (with reductions)","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-86-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-86-89","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44107201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Adaptation of a strain of the plague microbe to lyophilization process","authors":"N. V. Lopatina, B. N. Mishankin","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-51-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-51-56","url":null,"abstract":"The use of lyophilization as a means of preserving commercial properties of the dried live plague vaccine is closely linked to a number ofresistant microbial cells surviving in the preparation after microbial population exposure to such stress action. Lyophilized live vaccine efficiency, even without violation of storage rules at low temperatures (4 ± 2 – 6 ± 2 оС), decreases gradually due to death of live cells of microorganisms forming the base of a vaccine. Aim: The aim of this study was to enhance resistance of the reference vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV of NIIEG lineage to freeze-drying in vacuum (lyophilization) by different techniques: the use of lyophilization process per se as a selection factor, resistant clone selection from populations of strains which underwent single, double and triple lyophiliation, strain culturing at low temperatures (4 ± 2 – 6 ± 2 °С). Summary and conclusion: It was demonstrated that after double and triple lyophilization the Y. pestis EV strain resistance to the process increased by 3–3.5 times. Clonal selection of twice and three times lyophilized variant facilitated detection of resistant clones and stabilization of this property.The clones selected were characterized by increased immunogenicity, high heat stability, as well as by increased duration of vaccine efficiency (by 2.3 times). A psychrophilic variant of Y. pestis EV strain was obtained in vitro acquiring higher resistance to lyophilization (in 2 times or more) in comparison with the reference strain. The number of psychrophilic variant cells surviving post-liophilization was higher in comparison with the commercial strain. Thus the methods used in this study for selection of strains and clones with the highest resistance to lyophilization from Y. pestis EV reference strain population showed a significant potential for quality improvement of dried live plague vaccine. So, the possibility of receiving of a vaccine of more high quality by means of the ways of selection explained in our work is experimentally confirmed. Effectiveness of these ways creates prerequisites for their use in production of a live plague vaccine.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polio Vaccines: Present and Future","authors":"К. М. Чумаков, А. А. Ишмухаметов","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-4-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-4-18","url":null,"abstract":"The history of polio vaccines and their use illustrates the concept of evolution of vaccines driven by changing epidemiological and socioeconomic conditions. The development of two vaccines against poliomyelitis – inactivated Salk vaccine (IPV) and live oral Sabin vaccine (OPV) – is among the most consequential achievements of prophylactic medicine of the past century. Each with their own strengths and weaknesses, they were used over the past 50 years in different settings and different regimens and combinations. This resulted in virtual elimination of the disease in almost the entire world with the exception of a few countries. Continuation of the eradication campaign coordinated by WHO may soon result in complete cessation of wild poliovirus transmission, and poliovirus may join smallpox virus in the club of extinct pathogens. However, unlike smallpox vaccination that was stopped after the interruption of virus circulation, vaccination against poliomyelitis will have to continue into the foreseeable future, due to significant differences in the nature and epidemiology of the viruses. This review provides the reasons for the need to maintain high population immunity against polioviruses, makes the case for developing a new generation of polio vaccines, and discusses their desirable properties as well as new vaccine technologies that could be used to create polio vaccines for the post-eradication environment.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Комплексное иммунологическое исследование вакцинированных живой чумной вакциной лиц, проживающих на территории Прикаспийского песчаного очага чумы в Республике Калмыкия","authors":"Светлана Бугоркова, Т. Н. Щуковская, Н. И. Микшис, С. Н. Клюева, О. М. Кудрявцева, А. Л. Кравцов, А. Ю. Гончарова, В. А. Кожевников, Д. Н. Санджиев, С. В. Конушева, С. П. Савченко, Е. С. Бембеева, Светлана Щербакова, Владимир Кутырев","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-38-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-38-50","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. In 2005 International Health Regulations, the plague, is on the list of dangerous infectious diseases that can cause emergency situations of interstate importance. Even single cases of human plague are considered as the basis for carrying out preventive measures. The paper presents the results of immunological monitoring conducted on the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia in order to assess the immunological efficacy and safety of the plague live vaccine The paper presents the results of immunological monitoring in the territory of the Kalmyk Republic over the individuals vaccinated against plague due to epidemiological reasons. Materials and methods. Studies of immunological efficacy of live plague vaccine were conducted alongside stepwise assessment of cellular and humoral components of innate and adaptive immunity in persons revaccinated against plague, using a complex of advanced informative tests. Results and conclusions. It is established that before the second revaccination all the surveyed persons retained expressed immune response by the mixed or cellular type, characterized by high level of spontaneous and induced production of Th1-associated cytokines. Activation of Th1 immune reaction was registered one month after the scheduled revaccination; immune response change-over from Th1 to Th2 type – after 6 months of observation, and retention of adaptive immunity by mixed type at the moderate level – in a year. Specific humoral immunity developed in 85% of the surveyed persons, but throughout the whole investigation the dynamics of antibody titers to plague microbe F1 individualized and did not coincide with cellular immunity indicators. Performed complex study has confirmed the relative safety of the live plague vaccine.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":"17 1","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69349114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Vaccination against Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in the Sverdlovsk Region","authors":"S. Smirnova, A. .. Golubkova, S. V. Koltunov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-68-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-68-73","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Rotavirus infection (RVI) is a widespread disease with a high intensity of the epidemic process and variability of its manifestations from sporadic cases of diseases to large outbreaks. At the present stage, RVI remains one of the urgent problems for practical health care, and vaccination is still the only and most effective method of monitoring RVI. To date, the practice has accumulated a great experience of vaccination against RVI, confirmed its high clinical and immunological efficacy. However, in the Sverdlovsk region, no studies have been conducted to assess the epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination against RVI. Goal. To assess the effectiveness and safety of vaccine prophylaxis for rotavirus infection and its impact on the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections in the framework of the regional program of vaccine prevention of RVI in the Sverdlovsk region. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2015. Vaccination first year of life children of the against RVI was carried out with live oral pentavalent vaccine (PEPV) in 4 municipalities of the Sverdlovsk region, in which the incidence of RVI exceeded the average regional indices. A special questionnaire was developed to assess the data on vaccination against RVI, which included information on the gender characteristics of the vaccinated, their age, the presence of episodes of acute intestinal infections before, during and after vaccination, combinations of the vaccine against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs, reactions to Inoculations. A total of 785 questionnaires from medical organizations of 4 cities of the Sverdlovsk region were analyzed. Results. In the «risk territories» 27.3 to 47.0% children from the first year of life were 3 times vaccinated. After the immunization in all territories was a decrease incidences of rotavirus infection, as well as a decrease in the cumulative percentage of infection with RVI in the age group of children under the 1 age. Children vaccinated against RVI had no cases of rotavirus infection, as well as hospitalizations for acute intestinal infections of other etiology, during the entire follow-up period. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate that vaccination against RVI is an effective tool for controlling morbidity. The optimal age for the initiation of immunization against RVI is 2 months of the child's life (8 weeks), which allows to take into account the minimum and maximum terms of vaccine introduction, actively combine vaccinations against RVI with the introduction of other immunobiological drugs of the National schedule of preventive vaccinations and timely complete the vaccination against RVI to 32 weeks of a child's life. ","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44647345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine of the Sechenov University participated in the European Immunization Week","authors":"Agalar Editorial","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-89-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2018-17-3-89-91","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42406789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}