H2Open Journal最新文献_第8页

Meandering rivers’ morphological changes analysis and prediction – a case study of Barak river, Assam 曲流河流形态变化分析与预测——以阿萨姆邦巴拉克河为例

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.003

Apurba Nath, Susmita Ghosh

{"title":"Meandering rivers’ morphological changes analysis and prediction – a case study of Barak river, Assam","authors":"Apurba Nath, Susmita Ghosh","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Morphological studies are vital for water resources management, riverbank development, and flood mitigation. In this study, the sinuosity index and bank erosion were used to detect and quantify morphological changes using Landsat data (1990–2020) in the Barak river, India. The morphological changes were investigated in protected areas to analyze the effectiveness of existing protective structures on bank migration, which helps formulate better riverbank restoration plans. Using monthly discharge data from two stream gauge stations, the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) models were developed. The extensive sediment transportation in the region necessitates studying both the river flow and morphological changes. The developed SARIMA model was used to predict river discharges up to 2025, being trained with data from 2006 to 2015. The validation of the model (2016–2018) shows that the mean absolute percentage error for discharge at two gauging stations is 29.78 and 23.52%, respectively. The analysis shows that the sinuosity index and bank erosion were inversely proportional. The SARIMA model showed that the future monthly discharge in the case study could be substantially higher than the observed series and affect river erosion simultaneously. This approach applies to many other meandering river management and identifies future morphological changes.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45570550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Achieving handwashing with social art for a behavioural change: the experience of the Lazos de Agua programme in Latin America 用社会艺术实现洗手以改变行为：拉丁美洲Lazos de Agua项目的经验

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-16 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.029

Anna Zisa, K. Nilsson, Raisa Mirza, Tania Vachon

{"title":"Achieving handwashing with social art for a behavioural change: the experience of the Lazos de Agua programme in Latin America","authors":"Anna Zisa, K. Nilsson, Raisa Mirza, Tania Vachon","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The effectiveness of different hygiene behaviour change approaches is inconsistent. Proven effective elements of behaviour promotion include the following: involving the community, adding psychosocial theory-derived elements and using interpersonal communication with active teaching methods and innovative and culturally sensitive messaging. The One Drop Foundation Social Art for Behaviour Change (SABC) approach encompasses those elements and is embedded in a system-strengthening approach involving users, service providers and policymakers within the Lazos de Agua Programme. Halfway into the programme, the SABC approach has been implemented in more than 280 rural and urban communities in five Latin American countries. According to its midline outcome measurement, the programme's efforts have contributed to a 15% point increase in the population practising proper handwashing within intervention areas. Story-based interviews revealed that SABC interventions are believed to have caused lasting changes in behaviour, perception and skills which transcend beyond the individual and are felt at the household and community levels. While the SABC approach is mostly limited to addressing psychosocial factors, the experience of this programme proves that artists can serve as behaviour change facilitators to accompany water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) system projects. The SABC approach builds capacity, both within artist groups as permanent local institutions which can act as behaviour change facilitation service providers, and within service users, who become empowered and can continue influencing behaviour change among their peers.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44577677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Evaluating the performance of conventional DAF and PosiDAF processes for cyanobacteria separation at a pilot plant scale 评价传统DAF和PosiDAF工艺在中试工厂蓝藻分离中的性能

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-09 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.142

R. Yap, N. Rao, M. Holmes, M. Whittaker, R. Stuetz, B. Jefferson, V. Bulmus, W. Peirson, R. Henderson

{"title":"Evaluating the performance of conventional DAF and PosiDAF processes for cyanobacteria separation at a pilot plant scale","authors":"R. Yap, N. Rao, M. Holmes, M. Whittaker, R. Stuetz, B. Jefferson, V. Bulmus, W. Peirson, R. Henderson","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, a commercially available water treatment polymer poly(N,N-diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) and a hydrophobically modified polymer (HMP) designed to adhere to bubble surfaces were applied for the first time in the novel Posi-dissolved air flotation process (PosiDAF) that uses polymer-modified bubbles, at pilot-scale for the treatment of waste stabilisation pond samples rich in algae. It was found that PDADMAC in PosiDAF gave comparable removal to that achieved using conventional DAF at >95% cell separation. Furthermore, the float layer was more uniform and thicker with up to 8% solid contents compared to conventional DAF, which comprised discrete floc clusters with an average solid concentration of ∼4.1%. In contrast to the use of PDADMAC, the application of the HMP did not achieve similarly good separation at pilot scale. It was hypothesised that this may be due to the micellisation of the HMP on the bubble surface, creating unstable bubbles that coalesced and prevented polymer–bubble–cell interactions, which are crucial for effective cell separation. On comparison of the costs of PosiDAF and conventional DAF, it was found that PosiDAF resulted in cost-savings of up to 74% due to low chemical consumption. In summary, PosiDAF reduced chemical cost and increased solid contents in the metal-free float.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42168478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene governance: a critical review of Zimbabwe's WASH sector institutional arrangements 加强水、环境卫生和个人卫生治理:对津巴布韦讲卫生部门机构安排的批判性审查

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.063

L. Dhoba

{"title":"Strengthening water, sanitation and hygiene governance: a critical review of Zimbabwe's WASH sector institutional arrangements","authors":"L. Dhoba","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.063","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper sought to review the structural and operational modalities for Zimbabwe's water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector coordination architecture with an objective to identify gaps and recommend areas for further strengthening. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach involving a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, key-informant interviews and literature review. The study established that the institution of the National Action Committee (NAC) remains incapacitated to effectively deliver on its mandate. Its various committees are failing to convene meetings on regular basis hence issues prolong to resolve. Decision-making and role clarity among members still remain indistinct triggering undesirable conflicts. The legitimacy of the institution of the NAC also remains highly questionable, lacking legal bases to back its operations. In terms of information management, structures and systems are in place, only requiring support to make sure they thrive. Finally, financing including intersectoral coordination remains very weak and would need to be built-on, considering the potential of the coordination mechanism to enhance service delivery. A key recommendation emerging from this study is the urgent need for government to commission a review of the current multi-stakeholder platform in the best interest of aligning the coordination structure to the 2013 national constitution and national water policy.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41687353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Jakarta water supply provision strategy based on supply and demand analysis 基于供需分析的雅加达供水策略

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.076

N. Ardhianie, D. Daniel, P. Purwanto, K. Kismartini

引用次数: 3

Suitability of water quality index methods for assessing groundwater quality in the Ganges River basin area 恒河流域地下水水质评价指标法的适用性

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.145

Md. Shajedul Islam, M. Mostafa

{"title":"Suitability of water quality index methods for assessing groundwater quality in the Ganges River basin area","authors":"Md. Shajedul Islam, M. Mostafa","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.145","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study considered three different water quality indices (WQIs) for groundwater data collected from the middle-west part of Bangladesh, and the quantitative results were justified with the globally accepted water quality guidelines. It compared the results between the Canadian WQI with the Weighted Average WQI, and the Canadian WQI and Mierels WQI for drinking and irrigation purposes, respectively. The results revealed that the Canadian method categorized water as ‘fair’ quality while the Weighted WQI model results showed ‘unsuitable’ for drinking usage. Besides, the Meireles method showed that the water quality is classified as ‘good’ to ‘excellent’, while the categorization of the groundwater using the Canadian method was ‘fair’ to ‘good’ for the suitability of irrigation. The comparison results of the Canadian method with the Weighted Average technique for drinking, the latter one gave the abnormal results; and pair difference statistics showed the significant negative correlation (r=−0.91) between them. Similarly, the analysis for the two methods (Canadian and Mierels) for irrigation use exhibited that there was no statistical variance between the two techniques at a significant correlation matrix (r=+0.71). The study concluded that the Canadian WQI for drinking and Mierels WQI for irrigation would deliver better results.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47643833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The fate and risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the water supply system: a review 供水系统中非结核分枝杆菌的命运和风险:综述

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.144

Yalan Gan, Iftita Rahmatika, F. Kurisu, H. Furumai, D. Simazaki, H. Fukano, Y. Hoshino, I. Kasuga

{"title":"The fate and risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the water supply system: a review","authors":"Yalan Gan, Iftita Rahmatika, F. Kurisu, H. Furumai, D. Simazaki, H. Fukano, Y. Hoshino, I. Kasuga","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.144","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is estimated as the most serious waterborne infectious disease. NTM are ubiquitous in drinking water supply systems, which could be one of the possible exposure pathways for NTM disease, posing a serious concern to human health. Characteristics of NTM, such as exposure via inhalation, disinfectant resistance, survival in oligotrophic conditions, and association with amoebae, are largely different from those of Escherichia coli (E. coli) which has been traditionally regarded as a model bacterium causing gastrointestinal diseases in water safety. However, the fate of NTM in water supply systems from source water to the point of use has not been systematically revealed yet. Thus, this review proposes that NTM should be regarded as alternative model bacteria in water use by updating the current knowledge on the occurrence, removal efficiency, and regrowth of NTM in water supply systems. Moreover, we demonstrate the need to establish a comprehensive quantitative microbial risk assessment to identify the critical control point, which is indispensable to mitigate NTM risk in water use.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67819549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

E-learning for WASH systems strengthening: lessons from a capacity-building platform 加强讲卫生系统的电子学习:来自能力建设平台的经验教训

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.066

A. Leal, A. Saleh, J. Verhoeven

{"title":"E-learning for WASH systems strengthening: lessons from a capacity-building platform","authors":"A. Leal, A. Saleh, J. Verhoeven","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Research was undertaken to evaluate the performance of the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Systems Academy, a free e-learning platform. The course, ‘WASH systems strengthening: The basics’, was assessed in three different learning arrangements: Case 1: MOOC (Massive Open Online Course, self-paced and self-guided), Case 2: MOOC with structured support, and Case 3: MOOC with blended learning. In each of these cases, the extent to which e-learning can contribute to improved understanding and application of WASH systems strengthening was investigated. The research was conducted between October 2020 and July 2021 using a modified Kirkpatrick model supplemented by the Outcome Harvesting methodology to assess which MOOC format was successful in performance and application. The study analysed data from the e-learning platform, user surveys, and interviews with water and sanitation e-learning experts and selected users. A comparison of the cases demonstrated that overall, the three learning arrangements were effective based on the reactions of the users, with completion rates of 21, 65, and 100% for MOOC, MOOC with structured support, and MOOC with blended learning, respectively. The MOOC with a blended learning approach was the most effective in terms of performance. This approach allowed participants to have a better understanding of the content with extra face-to-face support while completing the course.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42176357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation 评估相互问责，以加强国家讲卫生系统并实现水和环境卫生可持续发展目标

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.032

S. Dickin, Abu Syed, Nishrin Qowamuna, G. Njoroge, C.P. Liera, Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani, Sidratun Chowdhury, Zoraida Sanchez, Abdulwahab Moalin Salad, K. Winterford, E. Uijtewaal, V. Roaf, J. Butterworth, J. Willetts

{"title":"Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation","authors":"S. Dickin, Abu Syed, Nishrin Qowamuna, G. Njoroge, C.P. Liera, Mohamad Mova Al'Afghani, Sidratun Chowdhury, Zoraida Sanchez, Abdulwahab Moalin Salad, K. Winterford, E. Uijtewaal, V. Roaf, J. Butterworth, J. Willetts","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Multi-stakeholder engagement is critical for making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 ‘Ensure access to water and sanitation for all’, which is currently off track to be achieved by 2030. The aim of this paper was to investigate mutual accountability and multi-stakeholder platforms in the WASH sector in a diverse range of countries. Data were collected by Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) Research and Learning Constituency partners and collaborators in five SWA member countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru and Somalia. Data collection involved document review, key informant interviews and workshops, and an online questionnaire. Across all the case study countries, there were no clear examples of mutual accountability mechanisms being widely used in the WASH sector. However, the findings indicate that some of the case study countries have active WASH multi-stakeholder platforms involving a range of actors from government, civil society and the private sector; however, these typically function as coordination and communication platforms rather than supporting mutual accountability. Other case study countries did not have multi-stakeholder platforms involving a diverse range of actors, and instead had platforms established for single stakeholder groups such as the private sector or civil society, leaving certain groups out of activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of establishing strong multi-stakeholder processes and platforms that bring together a range of actors including government, civil society, private sector, research actors, and WASH external support organizations. Such platforms could provide a foundation to enable mutual accountability between these actors by providing a space to set commitments and monitor progress and have potential to strengthen WASH systems both nationally and globally.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46229444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Analysis of experience using human rights to accelerate WASH access in four countries 四个国家利用人权加速普及讲卫生运动的经验分析

IF 2.1

H2Open Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.2166/h2oj.2022.073

L. Gosling, Tripti Rai, P. Obani, M. Traore, Landry Ouangre, Fauzia Aliu, Sonu Kumar Shah

{"title":"Analysis of experience using human rights to accelerate WASH access in four countries","authors":"L. Gosling, Tripti Rai, P. Obani, M. Traore, Landry Ouangre, Fauzia Aliu, Sonu Kumar Shah","doi":"10.2166/h2oj.2022.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2022.073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Human rights to water and sanitation have been widely recognised in legal instruments at the international, regional, and national levels of governance. More awareness of states’ obligations has provided additional impetus to promote human rights in policy advocacy. The international non-governmental organisation WaterAid, as a non-state actor specialising in the water, sanitation, and hygiene services (WASH) sector, adopts a human rights-based approach (HRBA) to WASH programming. This paper draws on the experiences from WaterAid WASH projects in four countries – Nepal, Ghana, Mali, and Burkina Faso, to evaluate the practical impacts of the HRBA to ensure that governments fulfil their responsibility to realise universal access to water and sanitation services in different contexts. The outcomes highlight that three important contributions of the HRBA: (1) generates greater awareness among rightsholders and duty bearers about responsibilities and entitlements over safe drinking water and sanitation; (2) promotes constructive engagement between the government and rightsholders; and (3) equips people with the motivation, skills, and agency which are critical dimensions to work on sustainable WASH. The WASH sector should, therefore, embrace the power of human rights and invest in the specific activities and frameworks to integrate human rights into systems strengthening the WASH sector, while continuing to analyse and learn how to adapt and improve the approach in different contexts.","PeriodicalId":36060,"journal":{"name":"H2Open Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45812842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1