Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal最新文献

{"title":"Cercospora Leaf Spots of Wheat in the Lowland Tropics of Santa Cruz, Bolivia","authors":"M. C. Morante","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556403","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz department in Bolivia is recent. Leaf spots diseases are an important yield-reducing factor. Since 1996, Pyricularia blast wheat is the most destructive disease in tropical regions producing wheat. In 2023, sampling was carried out in different locations in the East (Cuatro cañadas) and North (Okinawa1, Okinawa2) production wheat of Santa Cruz. Leaf, sheath and glumes simples were analyzed under microscopy and were estimated incidence. Two Cercospora species, C. oryzae and C. sorghi, were recorded associated with the leaf spots of 'Motacu' variety and these leaf spots seem to be prevalent and widely distributed in the production wheat áreas in the lowland tropics of Santa Cruz, Bolivia.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning based Sorting of Somatic Embryos for In-Line processing in Automated SE Fluidics System","authors":"Punnag Chatterjee","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556399","url":null,"abstract":"Somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be a viable method for the clonal propagation of many economically significant forest trees, particularly coniferous trees like pines and spruces. However, large-scale production of SE plants requires automation to reduce manual labor and attain cost-efficiency. The most labor-intensive step of the SE process for SE plant production is selecting and harvesting mature embryos. Embryo maturation is not a synchronized process; selecting the most developed embryos capable of continuous development is necessary. However, there needs to be more research conducted on mapping morphological features to germination-competent mature somatic embryos. This paper lays down the preliminary work of employing machine learning techniques for classifying large volumes of images of mature somatic embryos processed using an automated SE processing system based on fluidics processing referred to as SE Fluidics system. The results show that machine learning could be an alternative classification methodology instead of the traditional manual morphology-based classification process based on image analysis. The paper discusses two popular image classification techniques, namely Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), applying them to both binary (black and white) and grayscale images. It is observed that grayscale images provide better accuracy with the SVM technique and outperform morphology-based classification in terms of processing speed (17.6% faster) across the test envelope. On the other hand, CNN-based classification shows better processing speeds only at a lower number of convolution layers. Hence, the data scientist can optimally select the number of convolution layers to get the desired accuracy-processing speed combination.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterlogging Effects in Adventitious Roots, Tillering and Yield of Bread Wheat Germplasm","authors":"I. P. Pais","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556383","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of climate changes, expected increases in intensity, frequency, and unpredictability of waterlogging events will aggravate wheat yield losses, currently estimated to range between 20-50%. Wheat production must fulfill ca. 20% of the population’s energy and protein requirements. Evaluating germplasm with different backgrounds may reveal variability for waterlogging tolerance, allowing a better selection of genotypes with desirable traits for wheat breeding programs. In this work, the effect of waterlogging on adventitious root emission, tiller survival and yield was evaluated. Five studied germplasm groups (Portuguese Landraces; Varieties with introduced Italian germplasm; Post-Green Revolution varieties with introduced CYMMIT germplasm; Advanced Lines from the Portuguese Cereal Breeding Program; Australian varieties) were studied. Groups exhibited intra and intervariability in all parameters in response to waterlogging imposed in climatized growth chambers. After 14 days of waterlogging, the number of adventitious roots ranged from 0 to 7.6 plant-1, with 4 Portuguese Landraces depicting the highest number. The number of living tillers at the end of the stress was highly variable, ranging from reductions of 100% to increases up to 35%. At harvest, the number of productive tillers significantly differed among genotypes, with reductions reaching 100% in some cases and increases up to 138% in others. The existence of variability and the identification of key traits underlying waterlogging tolerance will contribute to develop more adapted wheat plants and to improve wheat yield.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Exacerbated Dalbergia sissoo Dieback Under Water Stress and Ceratocystis fimbriata Infection","authors":"A. J. Muhammad","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556376","url":null,"abstract":"Dalbergia sissoo is a native tree species of the Indo-Pak and is one of the most important timber-producing species used in the agroforestry, fuelwood, and furniture industries. Historically widespread mortality of shisham due to dieback was observed during an El Niño cycle characterized by low rains and high temperatures. This is the first report that has successfully established the role of water deficit in shisham dieback under Ceratocystis fimbriata infection. Seedlings were either predisposed to water deficit for two weeks before fungal inoculation or subjected to both stresses i.e., biotic, and abiotic at the same time. The imposition of water deficit and the availability of water at the time of inoculation was determined by the rate of plant development, lesion growth, physiological parameters such as (stomatal conductivity, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, water potential, water use efficiency), chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, and oxidative enzymes such as POD, CAT, and H2O2. Water-stressed plants showed dieback symptoms and more susceptibility to fungal infection than well-watered plants clearly demonstrating water deficit is the primary cause of shisham dieback. Inoculated plants responded to stress by decreasing stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and photosynthetic activity due to low water potential. The growth rate was also affected due to low chlorophyll and carotenoid content. D. sissoo reacts to stress by increased production of CAT and POD, enzymes. This study emphasizes the importance of exploring the interaction of drought x disease in shisham and the primary physiological responses involved in plant growth.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126653188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Bacillus insecticidal proteins on the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (Scarabaeidae)","authors":"B. Escriche","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556375","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, is a minor pest in Japan but has become a serious invasive species in several parts of the world, causing damage in a variety of crops and high costs for its control. Many different methods of control have already been applied, including chemical and cultural measures, as well as mass-trapping. The efficacy of biological control attempts, using parasitoids, nematodes, fungi, or bacteria has also been discussed especially with regard to added value of lower ecological impact. The effect of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) treatments is probably attributable to the proteins accumulated in the parasporal body of the bacteria. In this context, a study was conducted to assess the insecticidal activity against P. japonica of the Bt 3 domain non-parasporal body accumulated Cry1Ia protein, and the structurally distant Bt proteins Mpp23Aa and Xpp37Aa. Their activity was tested against P. japonica larvae using a modified leaf-dip protocol, and only the Cry1Ia showed some activity. The results suggest that additional studies on Bacillus proteins are needed for developing new biological control strategies against P. japonica.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128297550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria Bacillus velezensis BIM В-439 D as the Basis of Biopreparation Betaprotectin to Control Root Rots of Cucumber","authors":"Mandryk-Litvinkovich Mn","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2023.27.556370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Positive List System on Residual Pesticides Analysis of Agricultural Products in Southwest of Korea","authors":"H. Kee","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-existence of Pesticides and Fertilizers in Agricultural Soil Environment","authors":"H. Liu","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556367","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125258136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Physical and Chemical Treatments for Artificial Ripening of ‘Piarom’ Date Fruit","authors":"E. Fallahi","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556362","url":null,"abstract":"‘Piarom’ date (Phoenix dactylifera) is one of the semi-arid and commercially important cultivars in Iran. In Ahvaz region of Iran, most of the date cultivars, including ‘Piarom’, turn sour and fall prematurely, during the rutab stage, due to high moisture content, leading to a major yield reduction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate different methods of artificial ripening of ‘Piarom’ dates in the khalal and rutab stages. The treatments included immersing the ‘Piarom’ fruit in acetic acid (1% and 2%) and NaCl (1%and 2%) solutions and freezing treatments for three times of 24, 48, and 72 hours. Harvesting of Khalal was done at three different times from the beginning of Khalal stage and once every two weeks. Fruit receiving an acidic acid application at 2% in all immersion and harvest treatments had the highest speed and percentage of transformation of khalal to rutab. Crop with a 2% acidic acid immersing treatment at the first and third harvests had the highest desirable fruit-finish. The highest percentage of desirable dates in the first and second harvests was related to 72- and 24-hours freezing treatments, respectively. By delaying the harvesting time, the moisture content of the khalals decreased significantly. The moisture content percentage of fruit obtained from chemical and physical treatments was higher than that of natural dates. There was no significant difference among different harvesting times regarding soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and percentage of reducing sugar of khalal fruit. In general, the SSC of artificially ripened fruit was lower than that of natural ‘Piarom’ dates. During all three harvest times, the TA level of date fruit obtained from chemical treatments was significantly affected by the treatments. In all three harvests, there was no significant difference among chemical treatments regarding of reducing sugars percentage. In all three harvests, the reducing sugar content of frozen fruit was lower than that of natural dates. According to the study, acetic acid at 2% was more successful than other treatments if it did not have a bad effect on the taste and aroma of the fruit. Thus, we suggest that the impact of other acid-containing compounds, but without the poor taste of acidic acid, such as acid extracts from other fruit be experimented for the ripening of ‘Piarom’ date in the future.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122543877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brilliant Blue Chromatic Traps Plus Commercial Attractors are Effective Capturing Adults Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Blackberry Crops","authors":"Samuel Cruz Esteban","doi":"10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19080/artoaj.2022.27.556358","url":null,"abstract":"Western flower thrips (WFT) are a major insect pest of blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius, Rosaceae) crops in Mexico, causing significant damage to blackberry crops. Yellow and blue traps are used to monitor adult thrips populations during the blossom season. However, the effect of different shades of these colours on the capture of Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is not clearly known. The current study evaluated four shades of yellow (opaque, neutral, brilliant, and phosphorescent) and three shades of blue (opaque, neutral, and brilliant), subsequently, the most attractive shade (brilliant blue or high lustre blue was selected, and different geometric figures (circle, half-circle, rhombus, triangle, inverted triangle, and square) were evaluated on a black background in blackberry crops. Brilliant blue and phosphorescent yellow traps captured the highest number of WFT adults; but brilliant blue traps captured numerically more WFT adults than phosphorescent yellow traps. The use of different geometric figures of brilliant blue on a green background did not improve thrip capture compared to the brilliant blue trap without a background. The kairomone Lurem-TR increased the number WTF adults captured 2 - 3 times more the unbaited trap, and 2 mg of eugenol increased 1.5 - 2.5. These results are useful to complement the monitoring system for F. occidentalis in host crops of this pest.","PeriodicalId":360573,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Research & Technology: Open Access Journal","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116696717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}