Journal of Osteopathic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the importance of physician training in practice location for Ohio otolaryngologists.","authors":"Samuel Borgemenke, D'Nair Newsom, Patrick Scheatzle, Nicholas Durstock, Elizabeth A Beverly","doi":"10.1515/jom-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Underserved communities in southeastern Ohio and Appalachia face significant healthcare accessibility challenges, with the Midwest offering a lower density of healthcare providers compared to coastal regions. Specifically, underserved communities in southeastern Ohio and Appalachia are disadvantaged in otolaryngology care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This analysis aims to identify factors that lead otolaryngologists to a respective practice location, and if any of that influence comes from where otolaryngologists completed their medical education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proportion of otolaryngologists who performed medical school, residency, and/or fellowship in Ohio was analyzed utilizing a three-sample test for equality. Multivariate logistic regression and Pearson prediction models were produced to analyze the impact of performing medical training (medical school, residency, and fellowship) in Ohio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Going to medical school in Ohio significantly increases the odds of going to an otolaryngology residency in the state (p<0.001). Moreover, between medical school and residency, medical school was a significantly better predictor of otolaryngologists practicing in Appalachia (Δ Bayesian Information Criterion [BIC]>2) and southeast Ohio (ΔBIC>10). Medical school in state was also a better predictor of percent rural and median household income than residency (ΔBIC>10). The multivariate model of medical school and residency was significantly better than either predictor alone for the population (ΔBIC>2). All models predicting percent rural were significantly improved with the addition of a Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) degree (ΔBIC>10).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Where physicians complete their medical training (medical school, residency, and fellowship) in state has a significant impact on predicting their future place of practice. This study found that the location of such training has a positive predictive nature as to whether that physician will practice in a rural and underserved area in the future. Notably, the addition of being licensed as a DO also increased the probability of that physician practicing in a rural area.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of public interest in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) from 2004 to 2022.","authors":"Blakelee Eggleston, Caitlin Wenske, Carly Sweat, Douglas Nolan, Nicholas B Sajjadi, Anna Mazur, Micah Hartwell","doi":"10.1515/jom-2024-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jom-2024-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Public interest in sport-related medical conditions is known to be affected by social media and pop cultural coverage. The purpose of this project was to assess the relationship between popular culture concerning chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and analyze of how often this topic was searched on the internet.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate deviations in public interest following player incidents of CTE and the effects that the media has had on public interest in CTE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine our primary objective, we utilized Google Trends to extract the monthly relative search interest (RSI) in CTE between January 2002 and October 2022. To assess the increase in RSI following a major event, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) to predict RSI from March 2012 was created through the end of the period, and calculated the differences between the actual and forecasted values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data indicate that RSI increased over time, specifically following the release of the movie <i>Concussion</i>. The peak in RSI (100) over this timespan was following the release of Aaron Hernandez's autopsy results in 2017, which was 87.8 (95 % CI: 8.7-15.7) higher than forecasted, showing a 720.3 % increase in RSI. While research was published regarding CTE in 2005, the first major spike in search interest occurred after Junior Seau died in 2012. Increasing public interest in CTE continued when media exposure conveyed autopsies of former NFL players, the movie <i>Concussion</i>, and the release of <i>The Killer Inside: The Mind of Aaron Hernandez</i>. Given this increased interest in CTE, we recommend that media broadcasters become more educated on brain injuries, as well as the movement of Brain Injury Awareness Month and Concussion Awareness Day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There has been an increase in public interest in CTE from 2004 through 2022 with surges following media releases of events involving NFL players. Therefore, physicians and media broadcasters must create partnerships to better educate the public about head injuries and the effects of CTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual therapy plus sexual advice compared with manual therapy or exercise therapy alone for lumbar radiculopathy: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Musa Sani Danazumi, Isa Abubakar Adamu, Musbahu Hamisu Usman, Abdulsalam Mohammed Yakasai","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0075","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The biopsychosocial approach to managing low back pain (LBP) has the potential to improve the quality of care for patients. However, LBP trials that have utilized the biopsychosocial approach to treatment have largely neglected sexual activity, which is an important social component of individuals with LBP.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of the study are to determine the effects of manual therapy plus sexual advice (MT+SA) compared with manual therapy (MT) or exercise therapy (ET) alone in the management of individuals with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy (DHR) and to determine the best sexual positions for these individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-blind randomized controlled trial. Fifty-four participants diagnosed as having chronic DHR (>3 months) were randomly allocated into three groups with 18 participants each in the MT+SA, MT and ET groups. The participants in the MT+SA group received manual therapy (including Dowling's progressive inhibition of neuromuscular structures and Mulligan's spinal mobilization with leg movement) plus sexual advice, those in the MT group received manual therapy only and those in the ET group received exercise therapy only. Each group received treatment for 12 weeks and then followed up for additional 40 weeks. The primary outcomes were pain, activity limitation, sexual disability and kinesiophobia at 12 weeks post-randomization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MT+SA group improved significantly better than the MT or ET group in all outcomes (except for nerve function), and at all timelines (6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-randomization). These improvements were also clinically meaningful for back pain, leg pain, medication intake, and functional mobility at 6 and 12 weeks post-randomization and for sexual disability, activity limitation, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia at 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks post-randomization (p<0.05). On the other hand, many preferred sexual positions for individuals with DHR emerged, with \"<i>side-lying</i>\" being the most practiced sexual position and \"<i>standing</i>\" being the least practiced sexual position by females. While \"<i>lying supine</i>\" was the most practiced sexual position and \"<i>sitting on a chair</i>\" was the least practiced sexual position by males.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that individuals with DHR demonstrated better improvements in all outcomes when treated with MT+SA than when treated with MT or ET alone. These improvements were also clinically meaningful for sexual disability, activity limitation, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia at long-term follow-up. There is also no one-size-fits-all to sexual positioning for individuals with DHR.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foot and ankle fellowship-trained osteopathic orthopaedic surgeons: a review, analysis, and understanding of current trends.","authors":"James P Henry, Matthew J Partan, Katharine M Chen, Randy M Cohn, Adam D Bitterman","doi":"10.1515/jom-2024-0092","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2024-0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Over the past several decades, orthopedic surgery has seen a substantial increase in the number of surgeons completing fellowship training. Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs) continue to advance their orthopedic education through subspecialty fellowship training. DOs have represented between approximately 6 % and 15 % of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) fellows. Although historical representation has been considered strong, the fellowship match years 2020 and 2021 have seen a decline in osteopathic orthopedic surgeons participating in foot and ankle fellowships. This deviates from the recent trends of increasing participation across orthopedic subspecialities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate and review the trends of orthopedic foot and ankle fellowship training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was reviewed from the AOFAS regarding number of fellows matched and degree obtained. Data from the Federation of State Medical Boards (FSMB), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) were reviewed for physician trends and match statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fellowship match years 2020 and 2021 have seen a decline in osteopathic orthopedic surgeons participating in foot and ankle fellowships, with only roughly 3% of AOFAS fellows being osteopathic trained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Orthopedic surgery has the highest rate of subspecialty training of all surgical specialties. Although there is hope for an increasing osteopathic presence in orthopedic surgery, recent literature has pointed to potential for continued bias in opportunities for osteopathic students. We hope that increased participation of osteopathic graduates in orthopedic surgery training programs will result in the continued expansion of osteopathic orthopedic surgeons completing fellowship training, including in foot and ankle surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of prenatal substance exposure and the development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus.","authors":"Micah Hartwell, Molly Bloom, Covenant Elenwo, Trey Gooch, Kelly Dunn, Florence Breslin, Julie M Croff","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0277","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Prenatal substance exposure (PSE) can lead to various harmful outcomes for the developing fetus and is linked to many emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties later in life. Therefore, examination of the relationship between the development of associated brain structures and PSE is important for the development of more specific or new preventative methods.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study's primary objective was to examine the relationship between the physical development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus following prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and prescription opioid exposure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a longitudinal neuroimaging study that measures brain morphometry from childhood throughout adolescence. Data were collected from approximately 12,000 children (ages 9 and 10) and parents across 22 sites within the United States. Prenatal opioid, tobacco, and alcohol use was determined through parent self-report of use during pregnancy. We extracted variables assessing the volumetric size (mm³) of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus as well as brain volume, poverty level, age, sex, and race/ethnicity for controls within our adjusted models. We reported sociodemographic characteristics of the sample overall and by children who had PSE. We calculated and reported the means of each of the specific brain regions by substance exposure. Finally, we constructed multivariable regression models to measure the associations between different PSE and the demographic characteristics, total brain volume, and volume of each brain structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the total sample, 24.6% had prenatal alcohol exposure, 13.6% had prenatal tobacco exposure, and 1.2% had prenatal opioid exposure. On average, those with prenatal tobacco exposure were found to have a statistically significant smaller parahippocampus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a significant association between prenatal tobacco exposure and smaller parahippocampal volume, which may have profound impacts on the livelihood of individuals including motor delays, poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and long-term health consequences. Given the cumulative neurodevelopmental effects associated with PSE, we recommend that healthcare providers increase screening rates, detection, and referrals for cessation. Additionally, we recommend that medical associations lobby policymakers to address upstream barriers to the effective identification of at-risk pregnant individuals, specifically, eliminating or significantly reducing punitive legal consequences stemming from state laws concerning prenatal substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"499-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of manual manipulation on mechanical gait parameters.","authors":"Solomon B Yanuck, Sarah K Fox, Bethany R Harting, Thomas M Motyka","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0203","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>A variety of manual manipulation techniques are utilized in clinical practice to alleviate pain and improve musculoskeletal function. Many manual practitioners analyze gait patterns and asymmetries in their assessment of the patient, and an increasing number of gait motion capture studies are taking place with recent improvements in motion capture technology. This study is the first systematic review of whether these manual modalities have been shown to produce an objectively measurable change in gait mechanics.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was designed to perform a systematic review of the literature to assess the impact of manual medicine modalities on biomechanical parameters of gait.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A master search term composed of keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search terms from an initial scan of relevant articles was utilized to search six databases. We screened the titles and abstracts of the resulting papers for relevance and then assessed their quality with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Clinical trials that featured both a manual manipulation intervention and multiple mechanical gait parameters were included. Case reports and other studies that only measured gait speed or other subjective measures of mobility were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 20 studies in our final analysis. They utilize manipulation techniques primarily from osteopathic, chiropractic, massage, and physiotherapy backgrounds. The conditions studied primarily included problems with the back, knee, and ankle, as well as healthy patients and Parkinson's patients. Control groups were highly variable, if not absent. Most studies measured their gait parameters utilizing either multicamera motion capture systems or force platforms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Twelve of 20 papers included in the final analysis demonstrated a significant effect of manipulation on gait variables, many of which included either step length, walking speed, or sagittal range of motion (ROM) in joints of the lower extremity. However, the results and study design are too heterogeneous to draw robust conclusions from these studies as a whole. While there are initial indications that certain modalities may yield a change in certain gait parameters, the quality of evidence is low and there is insufficient evidence to conclude that manual therapies induce changes in biomechanical gait parameters. Studies are heterogeneous with respect to the populations studied and the interventions performed. Comparators were variable or absent across the studies, as were the outcome variables measured. More could be learned in the future with consistent methodology around blinding and sham treatment, and if the gait parameters measured were standardized and of a more robust clinical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A masquerading presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.","authors":"Erin Berg, Nadia Khan, Robert Dazé","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0219","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"333-335"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140319409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The short- and long-term effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pain, and psychosocial factors in adults with chronic low back pain.","authors":"Clarence L Nicodemus, Jessica Epstein, Marianne Huebner, Barry DeCicco, Moaid Shaik","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0201","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chronic low back pain (CLBP) has long plagued mankind, but little progress has been made in finding a rational and effective treatment, let alone a common cause. This study is an attempt to fill that void by measuring short- and long-term effects of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), including psychosocial and pain reduction in CLBP patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of neuromusculoskeletal medicine/osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in treating CLBP, with a focus on biopsychosocial (pain sensitivity questionnaire [PSQ]) and pain control in chronic conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved a large, single cohort observational design of 101 patients. The inclusion criteria for selecting patients targeted those with \"nonspecific\" CLBP. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Minimum Dataset for Chronic Low Back Pain (NMD) was the measurement tool and was administered at consent (baseline), 2, 4, and 8 weeks and at 6 and 12 months. Time trends were analyzed as overall mean. Pairwise differences were compared between time points. Mixed-effects models were utilized to test the association of time with pain and biopsychosocial scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pain and PSQ scores decreased over the study timeline. The most significant change for both pain and biopsychosocial scores occurred at 6 months compared to baseline, with a further reduction at 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OMT has been demonstrated to significantly reduce pain and psychosocial factors related to CLBP in both the short and long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"315-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140194770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumid lupus masquerading as rosacea.","authors":"Austin B Ambur, Mahroo Khalid, Aaron B Ambur, Kiana Kaya, Rajiv Nathoo","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0269","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"285-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative applications on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in youth with major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"Ömer O Pala, Seyit Çıtaker, Esra Güney, Aylin Sepici, Güner M Güveli, Burak Arslan, Meltem Gürü","doi":"10.1515/jom-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"10.1515/jom-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Osteopathic treatments regulate the neurovegetative system through joint mobilizations and manipulations, and myofascial and craniosacral techniques. Despite the growing body of research, the precise impact of osteopathic medicine on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is not yet fully elucidated. As to Kuchera's techniques, the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk and prevertebral ganglia contributed to harmonization of the sympathetic activity. However, potential relationships between the harmonization of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis largely remain uncertain and warrant further exploration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the osteopathic sympathetic harmonization (OSH) on the SNS and the HPA axis in youth with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 39 youths aged 15-21 years and diagnosed with MDD. The participants were randomly assigned into either the OSH or the placebo group. Stimulation was performed on the sympathetic truncus and prevertebral ganglia in the OSH group. The stimulation of the placebo group was performed with a lighter touch and a shorter duration in similar areas. Each participant completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (SAI and TAI) before the application. Blood pressure (BP) and pulse measurements were made, and saliva samples were taken before, immediately after, and 20 min after application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The baseline BDI (p=0.617) and TAI (p=0.322) scores were similar in both groups. Although the SAI scores decreased in both groups postintervention, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Subjects who received OSH had a decrease in α-amylase level (p=0.028) and an increase in cortisol level (p=0.009) 20 min after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Following OSH application in depressed youth, SNS activity may decrease, whereas HPA axis activity may increase. Future studies may examine the therapeutic efficacy of repeated OSH applications in depressed individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":36050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"267-275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139984101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}