Shidnij Svit最新文献

{"title":"The Republic of Korea in the Geopolitical dimensions of the Russian-Ukrainian War: Official Political Discourse","authors":"Iryna Dudko, Inna Pohorielova","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.091","url":null,"abstract":"According to the analysis of political discourse and positions of South Korean society the geopolitical orientations of the Republic of Korea in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war are analyzed. It is proved that the events in Ukraine are directly related the Indo-Pacific region, including the Republic of Korea. The Russian-Ukrainian war affected changes in the configuration of forces in the region, in particular, strengthened the partnership of North Korea, China and Russia and caused opposition, and as a result, further strengthening of cooperation between the Republic of Korea, the United States and Japan. It is emphasized that, in contrast to the North Korean regime, which supported Russia’s invasion to Ukraine, South Korea, despite the initial uncertainty and fluctuations in the choice of geopolitical guidelines, sided its American ally in defending Ukraine. The factors of influence upon the formation of the Ukrainian direction of the policy of the Republic of Korea are considered. These are, on the one hand, allied relations and obligations of the Republic of Korea towards the United States, belonging to the collective West, public opinion in the Republic of Korea, which has taken an anti-Russian position. At the same time, the Korean government sought to take into account interests in the field of maintaining stability in the economic sphere, as well as existing threats from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China, which determined the tendency to maintain a balance of relations with Russia in order to minimize security and economic risks. Although during 2022 the Republic of Korea provided financial and humanitarian support to Ukraine with a tendency of its growth for the future, and also perceived the possibility of indirect support for Ukraine with weapons, the current administrations refused to provide direct military assistance to Kyiv, as other democracies do. It is noted regarding analysis of the main evaluative approaches of representatives of Korean, American and Ukrainian politicians, as well as experts on foreign policy of the Republic of Korea that the complexity and ambiguity of Seoul’s geopolitical orientations under the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war reflects the general complexity of relations between the countries of East Asia. It is the situation, when the withdrawal of a player outside the “rules of the game” defined before the start of the war (this time the Republic of Korea) can lead to a sharp deterioration in the security situation with the division of the countries of the region into two openly confrontational camps. Stabilization position in this regard with the strengthening of the role of the Republic of Korea in supporting Ukraine can be played by the United States, which, relying on other democratic countries, as well as under conditions of deepening strategic partnership with the Republic of Korea, is able to deter negative security challenges from both the DPRK and China. It is argu","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"By the Ways of Academician Ahatanhel Krymsky: Cooperation of the Volyn Museum of Local History and Volodymyr Khomenko in the Matter of Preserving the Legacy of the Scientist","authors":"Victoria Bilyk","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.131","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the preservation of the scientific and life heritage of Ahatanhel Yukhymovych Krymsky. In particular, the history of the formation of the fund collection of materials about the scientist in the Volyn Museum of Local History is considered. The scientists of the museum not only preserve, but also popularize the legacy of the academician, because the place of his birth was the Volyn city of Volodymyr. Formation of the stock collection began in the early 1970s, and as of 2020, it had about 160 exhibits – original photos, lifetime editions, materials in honor of the scientist, copies of photos and documents. However, in recent years, the collection has been substantially replenished with new ones thanks to the cooperation of the museum with the Zvenyhorod historian and local historian, Volodymyr Mykhailovych Khomenko, a long-term researcher of the life and work of A. Krymsky. The correspondence between the museum staff and Volodymyr Khomenko has been going on for several years. Over the years, the researcher has transferred to the museum’s funds more than a hundred objects of museum value – the lifetime edition of the bibliography of Academician Krymsky; reprints of his works and the works of his father Yukhym Krymsky; books dedicated to the life and scientific legacy of the scientist; their own research; documents testifying to the long-term work of V. Khomenko to preserve the memory of the scientist and his attempts to open a memorial museum in the Krymskys’ family home in Zvenyhorodka; photos related to the academician’s life and work. An important part of the transferred collection is the correspondence of Volodymyr Khomenko with relatives, students and colleagues of Ahatanhel Krymsky. The proposed article provides an overview and analysis of these materials, gives a brief description of the correspondence, highlights the main thematic blocks into which the collection of letters can be conditionally divided. Thanks to V. Khomenko, the fund collection has almost doubled, which will allow Volyn museum workers to properly popularize the name of Ahatanhel Krymsky. At the time of submitting this material, V. Khomenko continues to organize his archive in order to transfer materials about A. Krymsky to the Volyn Museum of Local History, and, therefore, we can hope for the continuation of this publication in future issues.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International Context of Japan’s Support for Ukraine in 2022","authors":"Lesya Alexiyevets, Vitalii Havur","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.077","url":null,"abstract":"The article demonstrates that the full-scale aggression, which began on February 24, 2022 by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, has significantly impacted the Ukrainian-Japanese bilateral dialogue. Japan has publicly supported the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, and has strongly condemned the Russian invasion as well. Along with this, Tokyo took proactive steps to promote the idea of supporting and providing assistance to Ukraine in its confrontation against the aggressor. Specifically, Japan took actions within the framework of cooperation with various international organizations and other multilateral formats (UN, G7, G20, ASEAN + Japan, NATO, Central Asia plus Japan etc.). Japan endeavored to bring the attention of all partners within international formats to the Russian invasion, emphasizing that the aggression committed by the Russian Federation is a criminal act and a threat to the rule of law in international relations. The article explores that Japan in its appeals and activity to support Ukraine primarily emphasizes the violation of international law by Russia: Japan doesn’t recognize the illegal occupation of part of Ukrainian territory and also condemns the change of the status quo by force. Based on the processed sources and historiography, it follows that Tokyo’s official position on the Russo-Ukrainian war was influenced by several factors: postulating the principle of the rule of law in international relations by Japan; substantial support for Ukraine within Japan; the extent of damage and offences, caused by Russia and Russian troops on Ukrainian territory. Japan also strives to prevent territorial conflicts in the Far East, and if such conflicts occur, Tokyo intends to enlist the support of Western countries, with which it is applying sanctions pressure on Russia. The article reveals the activity of Japan, directed towards supporting Ukraine in various multilateral formats. Throughout 2022, in cooperation with the European Union and within the G7, Japan consistently imposed sanctions against Russia. In other cases Japan directed its efforts towards influencing the opinions and positions of the member countries of the dialogue regarding the war. In particular, at the UN level Japan took part in drafting resolutions concerning the condemnation of the Russian Federation, and in cooperation formats such as ASEAN + Japan, G20, APEC etc., it focused on rhetoric, emphasizing the illegal nature of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the necessity of exerting pressure on the Russian Federation by the entire international community.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Corpus Analysis of the Russian-Ukrainian War Coverage in Eastern and Western English Language News Releases","authors":"Marianna Lőrincz","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.115","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the findings of a corpus-based comparative analysis of lexical characteristics in the prevalent discourses of the Russian-Ukrainian war coverage within Eastern and Western news releases. The analysis relied on two specialized corpora comprising articles from Eastern (475506 tokens) and Western (531973 tokens) news outlets compiled to serve the objectives of this study. To examine the textual data, keyword analysis, n-grams analysis, and collocation analysis were utilized. The obtained findings revealed both similarities and divergences in terms of lexical characteristics and discourses in war coverage. Negative discourse prosodies related to the ongoing war were identified in both corpora, revealing a condemnation of the military intervention through their linguistic choices. However, notable differences were documented in the extent of emphasis on the war proceedings and related issues induced by war. The Eastern news sources displayed a degree of ambivalence in their position towards the conflict, with a tendency to present it as dependent on internal factors within Ukraine. On the other hand, the Western news sources extensively commented on the agents of the war and the war-related agenda, using emotionally-charged language to portray the war and its consequences. Furthermore, even within the context of war, the Eastern news outlets prioritized the themes of economic stability, Covid-19 pandemic, the need for dialogue, and international collaboration. In contrast, its Western counterpart paid more heed to the representation of the military intervention itself. The Eastern news coverage emphasized the region’s policy of maintaining neutrality in the conflict, which contrasted with the West’s unequivocal position in designating the aggressor side and placing stronger emphasis on the discussion of the military intervention. In sum, critically evaluating the messages encoded through linguistic means disseminated by the media can empower global readership to make more informed judgments in the discourse of war.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biography of Pavlo Ritter: Attempts at Reconstruction and Search for New Material","authors":"Olena Ohnieva","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article briefly describes the return of Pavlo Ritter’s name to Ukrainian Oriental studies and draws attention to the fact that Ritter’s figure is considered mainly in the context of Ukrainian Indology. He is the first Ukrainian Indologist who translated directly from Sanskrit, Bengali, Prakrit into Ukrainian, without an intermediary language. The tragic life of the scientist is connected with Kharkiv University, institutions of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. However, Ritter’s personal interests went beyond the specialty of an Indologist. Much less is known about his connections with the Kharkiv Public Library, the music school, about his activities as a newspaper editor and correspondent who had his own column in the newspaper. Therefore, the above-mentioned should be supplemented with the clarification of Ritter’s contribution to musicology and journalism, the discovery of his musical and theater reviews related to K. Balmont, S. Rachmaninov, and O. Scriabin names. Attention is also drawn to the possible reconstruction of his childish and youthful interests, which laid the foundation for the future personality of the Indologist, since no relevant documents have been found to date. The article brought to the reader attention is an attempt to present the uniqueness of Pavlo Ritter’s figure, relying on additional facts from already known sources and on newly discovered materials. P. Ritter’s epistolary belongs to almost unknown sources, except only for his correspondence with the Moscow publishing house concerning Kalidasa’s Megaduta. It is about his correspondence with publishers, friends, colleagues, whose letters and letters to whom can be found unexpectedly. Memories of friends, personal archives of work colleagues, archives of various institutions, and among them – educational – music school and university, to which P. Ritter was involved, can be considered new sources. The archives of Oleksandr Biletskiy and Andriy Biletskiy deserve special attention. Archives of editorial offices of magazines, encyclopedias, publishing houses, academic institutions with which he directly collaborated or in which his works were later published become extremely important in terms of searching for new materials. New sources should expand the understanding of Pavlo Ritter’s figure and his creative legacy. Because the milestone anniversary – 150 years from the birthday that has passed, appears only as the beginning of the countdown to the next memorable date and means the need to prepare for it now.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parallel Translations of Two Ghazals of Hafiz in the Poetic Heritage of Ahatanhel Krymsky","authors":"Marharyta Zhuykova, Olha Svidzynska","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.143","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the translation work of the Ukrainian orientalist Ahatanhel Krymsky, thanks to whose scientific and creative work the poetic heritage of the Persian Sufi poet Hafiz Shirazi entered Ukrainian culture. Krymsky had been working on artistic translations of Hafiz’s ghazals for about thirty years, starting with the first interlinear translations, which were made by an orientalist student as early as in 1891. Among Krymsky’s translation works are parallel translations (in Russian and Ukrainian) of two ghazals (№ 255 and № 96). Both ghazals are examples of poetry that reflect certain worldview orientations of the author and demonstrate the philosophical and religious, largely mystical understanding of the universe developed in Sufism. In particular, in these ghazals, you can find indications of the main characteristics of Sufis: poverty, abstinence from sleep and loneliness, which contributes to the achievement of mystical union with God. Striving to convey the meanings of Persian poetry as accurately as possible, Krymsky, at the same time, tried to adapt them to the Ukrainian and Russian readers (for example, in the place of exoticism moqilān, the translator used the expressions evil thorn and prickly thorn, which cause similar associations). A detailed textual analysis of both Hafiz’s ghazals and both parallel translations of Krymsky allows us to assert that the scholar actively sought adequate linguistic means that would allow the reader to grasp the conceptual depth of the poems, the beauty of the images, subtle artistic techniques of Hafiz’s poetry. The textological comparison of the Russian and Ukrainian versions of the translations of two ghazals shows that the diligent work of the scholar-translator led to a deeper penetration into the complex world of Hafiz’s poetic lines precisely in the Ukrainian translations, which were made later than the Russian ones. In addition, from a stylistic point of view, Ukrainian texts seem more organic and integral in comparison with Russian versions. A significant merit of Krymsky in the field of translation is the combination of a creative approach with a scientific one: each translated text is accompanied by a passportization, as well as a Cyrillic transliteration of the first line, which opens up opportunities for a comprehensive comparison of both variants of ghazals and their translations in different languages.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Scientific Cooperation of the NAS of Ukraine and Scientific Institutions of Japan in the 1960s and 1970s: Historical and Source Science Review","authors":"Hanna Indychenko","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.039","url":null,"abstract":"In the study, on the basis of little-known and partly unresearched archival documents, a historical reconstruction of Ukrainian-Japanese scientific cooperation in the period of the 1960s and 1970s was carried out. The research methodology consists in the application of historical and archival research, source research, chronological methods, as well as methods of analytical and synthetic processing of documents and scientific expertise. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the systematization and analysis of a vast complex of archival sources on the history of Ukrainian-Japanese scientific relations, the introduction into scientific circulation of a wide array of still unexplored archival documents, and the implementation on their basis of a complex historical reconstruction of the directions and forms of cooperation of academic institutions, industrial enterprises and individual scientists of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and Japan. Based on the analysis of archival documents and using separate scientific developments of Ukrainian scientists in the investigated problem, we conclude that scientific cooperation between Ukrainian and Japanese scientists, institutions, and institutions of higher education during the 1960s and 1970s developed dynamically and was aimed at solving important scientific issues. Cooperation in the direction of practical implementation of the results of scientific research turned out to be especially fruitful. If in the 1950s the cooperation was episodic, partly exploratory in nature with the work of both Ukrainian and Japanese scientists, then since the 1960s bilateral cooperation was actualized thanks to the implementation of joint scientific and research developments in many areas, participation in international scientific events, establishing personal ties between leading scientists of Ukraine and Japan. Joint activities in the fields of electric welding, biochemistry, physiology, geology, geophysics, mathematics, physics, astronomy, cybernetics, zoology, and social and humanitarian sciences were the most effective. The exchange of books between the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR and scientific institutions and institutions of higher education in Japan also developed dynamically, in particular, the number of institutions with which the exchange of books and topics of literature was carried out expanded.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Inquiry into the Good. Part I, Chapter 2–4 / Translation from Japanese, Introductory Article and Commentaries by S. V. Kapranov","authors":"Nishida Kitaro, S. V. Kapranov","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.179","url":null,"abstract":"This publication presents the Ukrainian translation of chapters 2–4 of the first part of the work Zen-no kenkyū (in English translation An Inquiry into the Good) by Nishida Kitaro, a prominent Japanese philosopher of the 20th century, the founder of modern Japanese philosophy. In the above-mentioned chapters 2–4, Nishida continues to develop his theory of pure experience (this concept was introduced and explained in detail in the first chapter). According to Nishida, consciousness emerges from pure experience and unfolds into a complex system that eventually reaches unity again, which is the full realization of pure experience. The second chapter is called “Thinking”. It reveals the concept of thinking and its connection with pure experience. In addition, such concepts as judgment, perception, mental images, truth and error are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the relations between thinking and perceptual experience. In the end, the philosopher comes to the conclusion that thinking and experience are basically identical. The third chapter is called “Will”. In it, the author goes to the concept of will, which is considered both in relation to pure experience and in relation to knowledge; the connection of these concepts with the opposition of the subject and the object is considered. In addition, the issue of free will is touched upon, the concept of transindividual will and a greater system of consciousness, of which the individual’s consciousness is a part, is introduced. The fourth chapter is called “Intellectual Intuition”. By this term Nishida calls the intuition of “ideal things, usually those that go beyond our experience”, he finds examples of it in the work of artists and enlightenment of mystics. Nishida argues that intellectual intuition underlies both thinking and will. The chapter ends with the idea that all religions are based on one fundamental intuition, “true religious awakening”. In these sections, there are numerous references to the works of Western philosophers – Plato, Spinoza, Locke, Hegel, Schelling, Schopehauer, William James, etc. Japanese and Chinese philosophers are not mentioned, but the text contains quotations and allusions to their ideas. The Ukrainian translation is published for the first time.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queering/Querying the Nation: Interrogating Alternative Mythography in Devdutt Pattanaik’s Shikhandi","authors":"Gourab Chatterjee, Debanjali Roy, Tanmoy Putatunda","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.171","url":null,"abstract":"The grand narrative of nationalism, which “has typically sprung from masculinised memory, masculinised humiliation and masculinised hope”, as observed by Cynthia Enloe, in her book Bananas, Beaches and Bases, is essentially a gendered discourse and excludes any gender location that does not conform to the standards of heteronormative masculinity. Therefore, any attempt to locate and identify instances that debunk this gender binary in the history of the nation creates space for multiple localized narratives and destabilises the hetero-patriarchal power-centre of the nation-state. Shikhandi and Other Tales They Don’t Tell You by Devdutt Pattanaik, published in 2014, during the legal tug-of-war regarding section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, tries to create an alternate mytho-historical framework by selecting queer occurrences from Hindu mythologies to challenge the broader discourse of monolithic understanding of “Indian-ness”. This paper seeks to interrogate the subversive potentials of these narratives, deliberately chosen from “Hindu” myths, in critiquing and questioning the homogenised, hegemonic and masculinist constructs of the mytho-historiography of the nation. It also aims to explore the use of mytho-history as an agent in shaping nationhood and validating the queer space in the narrative of the nation.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Phenomenon of the Liberal Party (Jiyū-tō) in the Political System of Japan: The Political Brand Evolution and Its Ideological Content","authors":"Vadym Rubel","doi":"10.15407/orientw2023.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2023.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"The title of the party is a political brand, which reflects its ideological focus. In Japanese political history, the party brand of the Liberal party (Jiyū-tō) repeatedly changed its ideological content. The problem and chronological method of analysis of existing historical factology allows to comprehend the tendencies of ideological and organizational evolution of Jiyū-tō party brand, which have appeared over the last century and a half, as well as to provide a forecast of future fate of the Japanese Liberal Party. This makes the final subject of this research. Before World War I in Imperial Japan, the first three Jiyū-tō projects focused on liberal values. However, they quickly faded away: either due to self-removal of the leader from the party leadership and subsequent radicalization (1881–1884); or self-liquidation and joining the party coalition for the formation of the first party government (1891–1898); or due to marginalization because of the lack of enthusiasm of voters (1903–1905). The two initial post-war ideologically and personally deeply conservative Jiyū-tō projects (1945–1948 and 1950–1955) were liberal only in titles and at first joined the right-wing conservative Democratic Liberal Party (Minshujiyū-tō), then the conservative Liberal Democratic Party (Jiyūminshu-tō). In 1998, there was an attempt to restore the project of Jiyū-tō as an ideological liberal party. It ended in 2003 due to the split and marginalization, authorized by the political adventurism of its leader Ozawa Ichirō. Up today there was the eighth renewal of Jiyū-tō, headed again by Ozawa Ichirō in 2016. It was based on the centre-left liberalism, but the presence in today’s Japan of several centrist parties with similar programs does not allow the Jiyū-tō to succeed in political competition. It has led to the loss of representation in the Parliament and the self-dissolution on April 27, 2019. From that moment the liberal niche in Japan’s political system again became vacant, which preserves the possibility of renewal of Jiyū-tō party project in future.","PeriodicalId":36037,"journal":{"name":"Shidnij Svit","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}