Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Comorbid depression and substance use prospectively predict eating disorder persistence among women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa","authors":"Ani C. Keshishian ,&nbsp;Nassim Tabri ,&nbsp;Kendra R. Becker ,&nbsp;Debra L. Franko ,&nbsp;David B. Herzog ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Thomas ,&nbsp;Kamryn T. Eddy","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>Longitudinal associations between eating disorders (EDs) and comorbid psychiatric disorders are poorly understood but important to examine as comorbidities are common and can impede ED recovery. We examined two common comorbidities, </span>major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD), in adult women with intake diagnoses of </span>anorexia nervosa (AN) and </span>bulimia nervosa (BN) who participated in a longitudinal study. To test the longitudinal reciprocal relations among ED, MDD, and SUD, we conducted a multi-group autoregressive cross-lagged path analysis. We tested whether ED, MDD, and SUD in a given three-month period (</span><em>t</em> – 1) each predicted ED, MDD, and SUD during the subsequent three-month period (<em>t</em>) over 5<!--> <!-->years. We examined the moderating effect of intake diagnosis (AN vs. BN). Among AN (but not BN) participants, having MDD at <em>t</em> – 1 predicted having an ED at time <em>t</em>, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.98, <em>B</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.68, <em>z</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.49, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.01. Among BN (but not AN) participants, having a SUD at <em>t</em> – 1 predicted having an ED at time <em>t</em>, OR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.16, <em>B</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.64, <em>z</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->2.34, <em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->.01. In contrast, having an ED at <em>t</em> – 1 did not predict MDD or SUD at time <em>t</em><span> for AN or BN participants. These results suggest for individuals with AN and MDD, treating MDD may facilitate ED recovery. For individuals with BN and SUD, treating SUD may facilitate ED recovery. These identified temporal associations between ED and comorbid disorders may guide cognitive behavioral researchers and therapists<span> in prioritizing treatment targets given the high rate of comorbidity in EDs.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 309-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92036914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning to be emotionally competent: Preliminary results of a pilot intervention program focusing on affect processing and emotion regulation","authors":"Stéphanie Haymoz ,&nbsp;Michaël Reicherts ,&nbsp;Chantal Martin-Soelch","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emotional experience and emotion regulation<span> (ER) are associated with mental and physical health. Although different psychological interventions focusing directly or indirectly on ER have been developed in this domain, a manual-based intervention relying on an empirical emotional processing (EP) model that refers to an integration of cognitive, behavioral, and experiential approaches and techniques is still needed. This study aims to investigate the effects of an intervention working on several dimensions of EP based on the Openness to Emotions (OE) model, examined with 102 healthy participants assigned to treatment<span> or control conditions. The participants in the treatment condition, compared with those in the control group (CG), significantly increased their abilities to cognitively represent and regulate their affective states and achieved greater functional equilibrium of the EP components. Furthermore, in a subgroup of 35 participants, those in the treatment condition learned to use the strategies “acceptation of the situation” and “mental relaxation” to regulate negative affect more frequently. They also perceived “mental relaxation” to be more effective compared to the waiting list’ participants. They also reported significantly less difficulty in controlling their impulses and accessing strategies to regulate emotional states. Further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of this intervention program in larger samples with diverse mental and physical health characteristics.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 4","pages":"Pages 329-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92065289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Group lifestyle modification vs. lifestyle newsletters for early childhood obesity: Pilot study in rural primary care","authors":"Myles S. Faith ,&nbsp;William C. Cochran ,&nbsp;Lisa Diewald ,&nbsp;Karen Hoffer ,&nbsp;Renee’ Moore ,&nbsp;Robert I. Berkowitz ,&nbsp;Chelsie A. Hauer ,&nbsp;Nicolas Stettler-Davis ,&nbsp;Gina Tripicchio ,&nbsp;Margaret R. Rukstalis","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Research on primary-care interventions for early childhood obesity in rural communities is lacking. We compared two interventions for 4- to 8-year-old children with overweight/obesity, launched from a rural primary-care clinic. Families were randomly assigned to Intensive Lifestyle Modification (ILM; </span><em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->23) or Lifestyle Newsletters (LN; <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>24). The primary outcome was 5-month change in child BMI z-score. ILM groups received behavior modification challenges, the Stop Light Diet, nutrition information, and parent training. LN families received by mail information on diet and physical activity. Results indicated no significant difference between groups in BMI z-score reduction (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.40; Cohen's d<!--> <!-->=<!--> <span>0.20), although treatment interacted with child food responsiveness (</span><em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.04) and parent perceived feeding responsibility (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>0.006) in exploratory analyses. Specifically, ILM compared with LN was better for children higher in ‘food responsiveness’, with a reverse pattern for children lower in this trait. ILM also was superior to LN when parents were lower in feeding responsibility, with a reverse pattern when parents were higher in this trait. Thus, the success of ILM and LN in rural primary care may depend upon child and parent attributes. Lower-intensity family interventions for early childhood obesity may offer scalable options in rural communities for some families.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 215-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91618122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Bivalent Fear of Evaluation Model for Social Anxiety","authors":"Sho Okawa ,&nbsp;Honami Arai ,&nbsp;Satoko Sasagawa ,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Melissa M. Norberg ,&nbsp;Norman B. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Jung-Hye Kwon ,&nbsp;Ronald M. Rapee ,&nbsp;Eiji Shimizu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems worldwide; however, the prevalence of social anxiety symptoms differs between collectivistic and individualistic cultures. These differences may have important implications for guiding cognitive-behavioral treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in the experience of social anxiety exist across countries with varying cultures, and whether the bivalent fear of evaluation model is valid for both individualistic (Australia and the United States) and collectivistic countries (Korea and Japan). A total of 704 participants (279 from Australia, 137 from the United States, 101 from Korea, and 187 from Japan) completed questionnaires assessing these constructs. Analysis of covariance with age and gender as covariates revealed that symptoms of social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation are reported more in collectivistic countries, while fear of positive evaluation (FPE) is higher in individualistic countries. The results of path analysis and multiple group path analysis indicated that the structure of the bivalent fear of evaluation model differs across cultures. A direct path from FPE to social anxiety was only observed in individualistic countries; however, the relationship between disqualification of positive social outcomes (DPSO) and social anxiety was stronger in collectivistic countries. These findings imply that FPE and DPSO may have different functions of relevance to social anxiety in individualistic and collectivistic countries, and indicate that modifications may be necessary in the application of cognitive-behavioral treatment strategies across cultures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 205-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97378945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental imagery in bipolar disorder: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review of its characteristics, content and relation to emotion","authors":"Fanny Petit ,&nbsp;Caroline Munuera ,&nbsp;Mathilde M. Husky ,&nbsp;Katia M’Bailara","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Mental imagery is often described as “seeing with the mind's eye” as it refers to perceptual experiences of sensory information in the absence of external </span>sensory input<span><span><span> (Kosslyn, Ganis, &amp; Thompson, 2001). Mental imagery is known to be strongly related to emotion and is used in the context of therapy for the treatment of mood disorders, in particular in Imagery-focused </span>Cognitive Therapy. Due to the predominance of emotional dysfunction in </span>bipolar disorder<span> (BD), mental imagery may be helpful in providing a better characterization of the illness. This systematic review aimed at extracting data about mental images’ (a) clinical characteristics (frequency, vividness and likelihood), (b) contents and (c) relation to emotion in individuals with BD. Authors performed the systematic review following the PRISMA statement. Among the 81 articles screened, 55 were assessed for eligibility after the removal of duplicates. A total of 5 studies met inclusion criteria, and covered a total of 298 unique participants. Differences in the clinical characteristics of mental imagery were found in individuals with BD as compared to healthy controls. The contents of images in BD appeared to be related to individuals’ current preoccupations and seemed to push them to take action, with high associated emotional ratings. The level of evidence remains limited due to the designs of the included studies. Additional research is needed to characterize mental imagery during thymic phases of BD. Such studies may potentially identify markers of the transition from one thymic phase to the next.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 267-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133967459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodermal fear conditioning and sexual victimization in college students","authors":"Frances R. Chen,&nbsp;Leah E. Daigle","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Little research on sexual victimization has explored factors, particularly biopsychological factors that impede a person's ability to respond to risk or fear. According to Read-React-Respond model, effectively responding to a sexual threat involves a person accurately recognizing risk cues, prioritizing self-preservation, and reacting to this threat, and we propose that fear conditioning is relevant for one to effectively respond to a sexual threat with its role in avoidance behavior<span>. This study tests whether electrodermal fear conditioning is associated with sexual victimization. The sample comprised 43 female college students, and 44% self-reported at least one sexual victimization experience. Skin conductance was recorded during a fear-conditioning task. The victims had a weaker fear conditioning skin conductance response (SCR) than the nonvictim group. Furthermore, the victims showed a larger SCR to the tone previously signifying no aversive events than the tone previously signifying aversive events during extinction. This is the first study documenting an association between sexual victimization and reduced electrodermal fear conditioning. Findings highlight the importance of the biopsychological factors in sexual victimization and lend support to the Read-React-Respond model. The findings of poor electrodermal fear conditioning among victims should be taken into consideration in preventive efforts. Our findings also have important implications for exposure-based therapy.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91618488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An accelerated, weekend-based, prolonged exposure therapy program for veterans and service members with posttraumatic stress disorder","authors":"Elizabeth M. Goetter ,&nbsp;Kaloyan S. Tanev ,&nbsp;Elyse Lynch ,&nbsp;Rene’ Lento ,&nbsp;Allyson M. Blackburn ,&nbsp;Daria Mamon ,&nbsp;Teodolinda Pique ,&nbsp;Tom Spencer","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Accelerated models of care may be one solution to the problem of underutilization of mental health treatment<span> in veterans. We report on a novel implementation of prolonged exposure (PE) therapy in a four-day, weekend-based intensive outpatient treatment program. Seventeen military veterans and service members (</span></span><em>M</em>_age <!-->=<!--> <!-->45.23, <em>SD</em>_age <!-->=<!--> <span>10.18; 76.47% male) completed the program. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were targeted in five separate cohorts. Given that this was an uncontrolled pilot study, we assessed patient satisfaction and treatment completion. In a completers analysis, PTSD and depression symptoms decreased significantly from pre- to posttreatment (</span><em>p'</em>s<!--> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->.05), with effect sizes of 1.22 and 0.85, respectively. Using recommended treatment response categories for the PCL-5, 76.47% were reliably changed at posttreatment. The dropout rate was 5.55%. Preliminary findings indicated that PTSD symptoms reductions were maintained from baseline to 1-month (<em>Cohen's d</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.19) and 3-month (<em>Cohen's d</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.46) follow-up. Delivering PE in a 4-day, intensive format was associated with clinically significant reductions in self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms. Additionally, completion rates and patient satisfaction were high, suggesting feasibility for patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 285-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92632948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of Psychophysiological Metrics in Guiding Treatment of Trauma Symptoms: A Systematic Review","authors":"Michelle Yang ,&nbsp;Noor Mady ,&nbsp;Outi Linnaranta","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The reliability of gold standard symptom assessments of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be compromised by memory, emotional or cultural bias. The use of psychophysiological measures may complement psychometrics<span><span> in tracking changes during treatment in </span>physiological response<span> and emotion regulation. In this </span></span></span>systematic review<span><span>, we integrate knowledge about the correlation between psychometric and psychophysiological measures in 22 prospective studies with trauma-focused cognitive, exposure, pharmacological and other interventions. Our objective was to determine how physiological resting states and reactivity pre- vs. post-intervention correspond to the effect of intervention on PTSD symptoms. Trends towards normalizing physiological resting states and arousal, as measured before and after treatment, were seen to correlate with a psychometric recovery. In patients with significant changes in trauma symptoms, pre- vs. post-treatment </span>resting heart rate<span><span>, heart rate reactivity to trauma cues and skin conductance decreased, and heart rate variability increased. </span>Electromyography<span> could measure adaptive decreases in startle responses<span><span> to exposure content. Both blood pressure raw values and reactivity decreased post-treatment following </span>cognitive therapy. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to explore standard testing paradigms that can be used for psychophysiological measures, and the corresponding cut-off levels that can indicate healthy and abnormal treatment response levels. The current findings stress a need for the development of a psychophysiological methodology that is feasible and reliable during experimental and clinical procedures to elucidate the effects of trauma intervention on emotional processing. Systematic review PROSPERO registration ID:CRD42021227774.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 249-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110862920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perceived importance of alliance and technique adherence within cognitive behavioural therapy: A comparison of patients’ and therapists’ beliefs","authors":"Ian Johnson,&nbsp;Glenn Waller","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbct.2021.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Alliance and adherence to therapeutic techniques are key elements of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Therapists’ beliefs about how important alliance and technique adherence are throughout CBT might impact how they deliver therapy. Furthermore, these beliefs might or might not be congruent with patients’ therapy-related beliefs. This research investigated whether therapists hold similar beliefs to patients regarding the importance of alliance and technique adherence throughout CBT and whether therapists could accurately predict patients’ beliefs. CBT therapists (</span><em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->103) and CBT patients (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <span>181) rated the importance of alliance and technique adherence to CBT outcomes in early, mid and late therapy. Therapists also predicted patients’ responses. Mann-Whitney U tests compared therapists’ responses and therapists’ predictions with patients’ responses at each stage of therapy. Therapists rated alliance and technique adherence as more important than patients did throughout therapy, with the largest discrepancy for alliance in early therapy. Therapists accurately predicted patients’ alliance importance ratings but underestimated patients’ technique adherence importance ratings for early and mid-therapy. Therapists are encouraged to challenge their assumptions about patients’ therapy-related beliefs by having open discussions with patients. Therapists are encouraged to prioritise technique adherence as well as alliance in early CBT.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 3","pages":"Pages 239-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112706814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of interventions for improving health in patients with multiple sclerosis on insomnia symptoms and sleep quality: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Valeria Bacaro ,&nbsp;Carlo Buonanno ,&nbsp;Francesco Mancini ,&nbsp;Chiara Baglioni","doi":"10.1016/j.jbct.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbct.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience reduced health-related </span>quality of life<span><span> and mental health<span> comorbidity. The prevalence of insomnia disorder and sleep quality impairments in MS patients ranges from 47% to 62%. Nevertheless, these problems often remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. This review systematically and critically assesses evidence from randomized clinical trials which evaluated the efficacy of different clinical interventions targeting mental and general health </span></span>in patients with MS on insomnia symptoms and sleep quality. Pubmed, PsycINFO and Medline databases were systematically searched. Eligible studies included adults</span></span> <!-->≥<!--> <span>18 years with MS diagnosis; were randomized clinical trials; and reported pre and post-treatment data for primary or secondary outcomes. Nine studies were selected including 755 adults with an MS diagnosis. Studies evaluated the efficacy of various treatments: psychological interventions (5); pharmacotherapy, including medications for fatigue, cannabis extract and melatonin<span> (3); energy conservation therapy (1). Preliminary support was found for psychological interventions and cannabis extract. This work highlights the important need for more high-quality randomized controlled trials for interventions targeting insomnia in MS patients.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":36022,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 137-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91749367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}