Journal of Communicable Diseases最新文献_第5页

Assessment of Lambda-cyhalothrin Toxicity on the Developmental and Reproductive Fitness of Dengue Vector, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and the Associated Changes in the Activity of Insecticide Detoxifying Enzymes 高效氯氰菊酯对登革热媒介白纹伊蚊发育和繁殖适宜性的毒性评价及杀虫剂解毒酶活性的变化

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202301

Dhiraj Saha

{"title":"Assessment of Lambda-cyhalothrin Toxicity on the Developmental and Reproductive Fitness of Dengue Vector, Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and the Associated Changes in the Activity of Insecticide Detoxifying Enzymes","authors":"Dhiraj Saha","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202301","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The emergence of resistance development in mosquitoes is a huge challenge for successful vector control programmes. Insecticides used in vector control mainly target the eradication of the vector population but often neglect their residual and long-time effect on the surviving population. Methods: In this study, Aedes albopictus were selected with sublethal doses of lambda-cyhalothrin and its effects on their life parameters and major detoxifying enzymes were analysed. Results: In the twelfth generation of the resistant population, there was a 101-fold increase in resistance ratio values of LC50. In addition, larval development time prolonged for 2 days and hatchability and fecundity were reduced by 52% and 93%, respectively when compared to the control group. Moreover, longevity was shortened by 9.43 days in females and 2.18 days in males. Significant changes in the activity of major detoxifying enzymes were observed where monooxygenase level was highest which indicates its role in lambda-cyhalothrin degradation leading to resistance, followed by both β-esterase and GST. Conclusion: The findings of the current study can be helpful in integrated mosquito management (IMM), where based on their life history traits, the vulnerable stage of vectors can be targeted for effective resistance management.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42168027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Kerala: A Success Story 喀拉拉邦消除淋巴丝虫病:一个成功的故事

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202314

A. K

{"title":"Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination in Kerala: A Success Story","authors":"A. K","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202314","url":null,"abstract":"National Filaria Control Programme has been running in the country since the year 1955 with the strategy of parasite detection, treatment and vector control mainly in urban areas. In the year 1997, the fiftieth World Health Assembly Resolution listed Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) for elimination by 2020 which now has been aligned with Sustainable Development Goal to be achieved by 2030. India also started its campaign to eliminate LF in 2004. The main strategy of the elimination programme is the Annual Mass Drug Administration (MDA) to progressively reduce and ultimately interrupt LF transmission. The other pillar of the strategy is morbidity management and disability prevention. Kerala state also started its LF elimination campaign in 11 endemic districts out of a total of 14 districts. The average population coverage during MDA in Kerala was reported to be more than 90% from 2004 to 2013, however, drug compliance during independent assessment was reported to be 40%-60% which improved in subsequent years due to a multipronged approach. The main reason of low consumption was the fear of side effects and the same was resolved through massive IEC activities highlighting its benefits compared to side effects, which are mostly self-limiting. The innovative strategic approach of extending the MDA period from 3 days to 3 weeks was undertaken to ensure that all the target population was covered. The results have been encouraging as compliance improved to above 65% and many districts have been validated for having achieved the elimination threshold through successfully clearing transmission assessment survey (TAS).","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population of Rodent and Leptospirosis in Humans: Spatial Aspect of Epidemiology 人类啮齿动物和钩端螺旋体病的种群：流行病学的空间方面

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202307

R. Hestiningsih

引用次数: 0

Molnupiravir and Combination of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir (PaxlovidTM) - Oral Anti-viral Drugs in COVID-19: A Systematic Review 口服抗病毒药物治疗COVID-19:系统综述

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202310

A. Radhakrishnan

{"title":"Molnupiravir and Combination of Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir (PaxlovidTM) - Oral Anti-viral Drugs in COVID-19: A Systematic Review","authors":"A. Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202310","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic situation demands the discovery of newer drugs and/ or repurposing of the existing drugs. The anti-viral drugs approved for COVID-19 are remdesivir and favipiravir. Two more directly acting oral anti-viral drugs have been granted Emergency Use Authorization by US-FDA, molnupiravir on December 23, 2021, and nirmatrelvir and ritonavir (PaxlovidTM) on December 22, 2021. Molnupiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, has also been approved in the UK and is under review with other regulatory agencies. PaxlovidTM (a combination of the new anti-viral drugs nirmatrelvir and ritonavir) has been developed and approved by US-FDA and CDSCO, India. Nirmatrelvir acts by inhibiting 3CL (chymotrypsin-like) protease enzyme and it is combined with ritonavir to slow down its breakdown by cytochrome P450 enzymes and to increase the bioavailability. Both molnupiravir and PaxlovidTM have been approved for mild and moderate COVID-19 and in patients who have a higher risk of disease progression to severe disease including hospitalisation and death. This article systematically reviews the clinical trials of molnupiravir and PaxlovidTM that evaluated their efficacy and safety against COVID-19 in both published and unpublished literature.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45311107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of the Bacteria that causes Childhood Tonsillitis 儿童扁桃体炎病原菌的鉴定

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202316

Mohammad J Al-Jassani

{"title":"Identification of the Bacteria that causes Childhood Tonsillitis","authors":"Mohammad J Al-Jassani","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202316","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tonsillitis is the most common infectious condition after viral nose and throat infections. Millions of new infections every year are recorded globally. Young people under the age of 15 are disproportionately affected by acute tonsillitis. This study aimed to isolate the bacteria causing tonsilitis in children. Methods: One hundred thirty throat swabs were taken from a variety of individuals who were clinically determined to have tonsillitis with purulent discharges at the ENT clinic at Kuthospital. Isolates were tested for their gram stain response and biochemical features after being promptly transported to the laboratory and streaked directly on blood agar, which was incubated aerobically for 24 hours at 37°C. The following antibiotics were tested on all isolates using the disc diffusion technique: penicillin (10 units), gentamicin (10 mcg), vancomycin (30 mcg), erythromycin (15 mcg), ciprofloxacin (10 mcg), cephalothin (30 mcg), and chloramphenicol (30 mcg). Isolates were classified as sensitive or resistant based on the widths of zones of inhibition. Results: Thirty-four strains of Streptococci, 14 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 32 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 15 strains of another Staphylococcus spp., and 9 strains of Haemophilus parainfluenzae were detected. The current results showed that most isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin, while most isolates showed resistance to penicillin and gentamycin. Conclusion: Streptococci and S. aureus showed to be the most common bacterial causes of tonsilitis in children who were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and vancomycin.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48611912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concerning Trend in Ceftriaxone Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): Implications for the Treatment of Enteric Fever 关于头孢曲松最低抑制浓度(MIC)趋势:对肠热治疗的意义

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202304

S. Kaira

{"title":"Concerning Trend in Ceftriaxone Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): Implications for the Treatment of Enteric Fever","authors":"S. Kaira","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202304","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Salmonella typhi and paratyphi - related enteric fever still poses serious health risks to people all over the world. Ceftriaxone and azithromycin were recommended as the preferred treatments for enteric fever following the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance. Several reports of ceftriaxone resistance have also been reported, hence accurate medication susceptibility tracking is essential to maintain the empiric management of enteric fever. This study’s objective is to determine the MIC of ceftriaxone in order to help clinicians prescribe the right dosage and stop the emergence of resistance. Material and Methods: The investigation was carried out in 800 bedded hospital in Ghaziabad using a cross-sectional prospective design. A total of 228 Salmonella isolates were included in this investigation. The isolates’ antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and the ceftriaxone MIC was calculated using the Broth Micro-Dilution (BMD) method. Result: Of the 228 Salmonella species that were isolated, 64 (28.07%) were Salmonella paratyphi A, and 164 (71.92%) were Salmonellatyphi. Ceftriaxone resistance was found in 33 (20.12%) Salmonellatyphi strains while it was found in 14 (21.87%) S. paratyphi A strains. 0.125 μg/ml was the ceftriaxone MIC50 value for S. typhi as well as for paratyphi A but the MIC90 value was 8 μg/ml in S. typhi and 4 μg/ml in S. paratyphi A isolates. Conclusion: This investigation revealed a concerning rise in the MIC to ceftriaxone and the reemergence of sensitivity to first-line medications.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43330666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Potential of Plants of Family Fabaceaewith Emphasis on Putri Malu Medicinal Plant ‘Mimosa Pudica’ (Fabaceae) as an Antimalarial & an Insecticide for Malaria Vectors: A Review 蚕豆科植物的潜力——兼论马陆药用植物含羞草对疟疾媒介的抗疟和杀虫作用

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.2022108

H. L. Wiraswati

{"title":"The Potential of Plants of Family Fabaceaewith Emphasis on Putri Malu Medicinal Plant ‘Mimosa Pudica’ (Fabaceae) as an Antimalarial & an Insecticide for Malaria Vectors: A Review","authors":"H. L. Wiraswati","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.2022108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.2022108","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the prevalence of malaria worldwide and cases of resistance to malaria drugs, finding new drug candidates is important in malaria control. Due to its traditional use and phytochemical content, this review was conducted on the medicinal plant Mimosa pudica and its family, Fabaceae. Method: This review collected original articles in online databases using several keywords combined with boolean operators. The articles about the antimalarial and insecticidal effects of Mimosa pudica and other Fabaceae species were included in the study. Results: Forty-two articles described 45 species from the Fabaceaefamily exhibiting antimalarial and/ or insecticidal potential including Mimosa pudica. The studies showed that crude extract of M. pudica showed activity against P. falciparum or P. berghei and insecticidal activity against Anopheles subpictus and Anopheles stephensi. More advanced studies were carried out on other Fabaceae species, evaluating their activity with crude extracts and fractions, isolated compounds, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Conclusions: The most promising antiplasmodial activity of M. pudica was shown by aqueous, methanol, and water/ methanol extracts from the aerial part against P. falciparum FCR-3 strain. In addition, aqueous or ethanolic extracts from the leaves of M. pudica revealed their potential against A. subpictus and A. stephensi.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41515832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Snake-o-Pathy or Snakebite Syndrome 蛇病或蛇咬伤综合症

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.2022111

O. Bharti

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Mobility and Prevention Practices with Malaria Incidence in Purworejo District Purworejo地区流动性和预防措施与疟疾发病率的关系

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.2022107

M. Martini

{"title":"The Relationship between Mobility and Prevention Practices with Malaria Incidence in Purworejo District","authors":"M. Martini","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.2022107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.2022107","url":null,"abstract":"The high mobility of migrants and their prevention practice was associated with a high incidence of imported malarial diseases. This study was undertaken to analyze the relationship between the mobility factor of migrants and their prevention practices of malaria. This study used a case control study and chi-square statistical test with a co-efficient level of 95%. The sampling technique that was used was purposive sampling, that determine respondents based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample size in this study was 200 respondents. The results show that there was a relationship between the the type of migration area (p=0.001), the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (p=0.047) and the use of chemoprophylaxis (p=0.023) with malaria. There was no relationship between the frequency of mobility (p=0.118), length of stay in the migration area (p=0.130), use of mosquito repellent (p=<1.000), use of long clothes at night (p=0.128) and use of wire gauze (p=<1.000) with malaria. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between the frequency of mobility, the use of mosquito repellent, the use of long clothes and the use of wire gauze with malaria.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45770737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Insecticide Susceptibility Status and KDR Mutation in Field-Collected Aedes Aegypti from Different Districts of Punjab, India 印度旁遮普省不同地区野外采集埃及伊蚊药敏状况及KDR突变检测

Journal of Communicable Diseases Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.24321/0019.5138.202298

G. Grover

{"title":"Detection of Insecticide Susceptibility Status and KDR Mutation in Field-Collected Aedes Aegypti from Different Districts of Punjab, India","authors":"G. Grover","doi":"10.24321/0019.5138.202298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202298","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As the state of Punjab has become endemic for dengue, this study was planned to determine the susceptibility status for two different classes of adulticides and the VGSC gene polymorphism in domain II of Aedes aegypti. Methodology: Adult bioassays were performed with pyrethrum, deltamethrin and malathion as per the WHO protocol. AS-PCR and sequencing of VGSC gene were carried out to detect V1016G and Kdr (Knockdown resistance) mutations. Results:Ae. aegypti from the districts of Ludhiana and Patiala were found to be resistant to pyrethrum. The V/ V genotype frequency was found to be higher in all districts. Three known polymorphisms in VGSC gene were not recorded but one synonymous and non-synonymous mutation was found. Group B intron was found in domain II of the VGSC gene. For deltamethrin and malathion, 100% susceptibility was recorded for all four districts. Conclusion: Thus, the present findings indicate 100% susceptibility towards deltamethrin and malathion whereas, moderate resistance towards pyrethrum was recorded. Therefore, more studies should be planned to study polymorphisms in the various domains of the VGSC gene.","PeriodicalId":35952,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communicable Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42444304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1