Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny最新文献

{"title":"Protective effect of resveratrol on oxidative stress in rats exposed to elevated doses of sodium benzoate.","authors":"Nataliia Nechai, Vladislav Fira, Oksana Kachur, Lyudmila Fira","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/218624","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/218624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium benzoate is a widely used food preservative permitted in Ukraine with an acceptable daily intake of 5 mg/kg body weight. However, exposure to elevated doses may induce oxidative imbalance and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, the search for effective protective agents against sodium benzoate-induced oxidative stress remains relevant. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of resveratrol on free radical processes and antioxidant defense parameters in rats exposed to elevated doses of sodium benzoate.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on 42 adult male rats. Sodium benzoate was administered intragastrically at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 days. Resveratrol was administered intragastrically at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight. Animals were euthanized on days 14, 21, and 28. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were assessed by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), products of oxidative modification of proteins, ceruloplasmin content, reduced glutathione levels, and catalase activity in blood serum and liver tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sodium benzoate exposure resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modification, accompanied by a decrease in reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity in both blood serum and liver tissue. By the end of the experiment, TBARS levels increased 5.1-fold in serum and 3.7-fold in liver tissue compared to controls. Resveratrol administration significantly attenuated oxidative damage, restored reduced glutathione levels to near-control values, and increased catalase activity throughout the experimental period (p ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resveratrol effectively reduces sodium benzoate-induced oxidative stress and restores antioxidant defense mechanisms in rats, indicating its potential protective role against preservative-associated oxidative damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 4","pages":"285-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of sweet taste perception and dietary habits with body mass index among public school children of Belagavi district, South India.","authors":"Roopali M Sankeshwari, Anil V Ankola, Siva Shankari, Yuvarani Kandasamy Parimala, Kavitha Ragu, Varkey Nadakkavukaran Santhosh","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/220379","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/220379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthy diet is significant for growth, development, and prevention from dietary related diseases in children and adults. Dietary imbalance can lead to many general and oral diseases and sugar rich diet can affect the teeth at an early age and continues towards adolescence causing several oral problems such as dental caries. Frequent consumption of a certain food causes changes in taste perception and leads to preference for that food. Taste perception may also be affected by several environmental, cultural, and genetic factors and has been found to be linked to oral health and body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the association between sweet taste perception, dietary habits, and body mass index among 13-15-year-old public school children in the Belagavi district.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1300 school children aged 13-15 years. Data were collected using a self-designed and validated questionnaire to assess dietary habits. Sweet taste perception was evaluated using sweet taste threshold (TT) and sweet taste preference (TP). Based on the sweet taste perception scores, participants were categorized into low, medium, and high groups. Body mass index was calculated using standard criteria. Descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation test and ANOVA were performed. Statistical significance was considered for p-value ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1300 participants, 625 (48.1%) were males and 675 (51.9%) were females. A majority of the students demonstrated a low sweet taste threshold (78.7%), while 66% exhibited a medium level of sweet taste preference. More than half of the participants (57.8%) were underweight. A statistically significant association was observed between BMI and sweet taste preference (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sweet taste preference and dietary habits were significantly associated with BMI among adolescents (sugar preference and sugar exposure were positively correlated with BMI, while nutrient score was negatively correlated). These findings suggest that taste perception and dietary behaviours may play an important role in the nutritional status of school-going children.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 4","pages":"315-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Corrections of affiliations: Longitudinal growth trajectories of preterm infants with and without intrauterine growth restriction up to 24 months of corrected age: the influence of early feeding patterns.","authors":"Nouhayla Bouali, Khalid El Kari, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Ilham Elouardighi, Lamyae Elyazigi, Imane Zizi, Redouane Belouali, Hassan Aguenaou, Amina Barkat, Mohamed Khalis","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/219142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32394/rpzh/219142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 4","pages":"353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-related behaviours and their associations with overweight, obesity and hypertension in adults.","authors":"Jana Pastrnáková, Lucia Šubová, Martina Gažarová, Petra Lenártová, Magdalena Górnicka, Marta Habánová","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/220202","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/220202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep plays an important role in physiological regulation and has been increasingly recognised as a contributor to chronic non-communicable diseases, including obesity and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the relationships between sleep duration, sleep-related problems, and selected health indicators, including BMI (body mass index) and hypertension, and evaluated the prevalence of sleep-related difficulties, stress, and night-shift work in adults.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 260 respondents (125 men, aged 42.24 ± 12.35 years; BMI 27.19 ± 4.3 kg/m²; and 135 women, aged 47.83 ± 11.72 years; BMI 26.57 ± 6.54 kg/m²) completed a 14-item questionnaire assessing sleep duration and quality, sleep-related problems, night-time awakenings, fatigue, stress, night-shift work and self-reported chronic conditions, including physician-diagnosed hypertension.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant association was found between insufficient sleep and overweight/obesity (p = 0.003), whereas no relationship was observed between sleep duration and hypertension (p = 0.232). Overall, 55% of respondents slept fewer than 7 hours, 35% slept 7-8 hours, and 10% slept more than 8 hours per night; overweight or obese individuals reported an average of 6.2 hours of sleep. Sleep problems were reported by 35% of participants, but showed no significant association with BMI. Stress was reported by 53% of respondents and was significantly associated with higher BMI (p = 0.005). Night-shift work was reported by 51.8% of participants and was significantly linked to overweight/obesity (p = 0.039). Hypertension was reported by 40.3% of respondents and was significantly associated with BMI (p < 0.0001), but not with sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insufficient sleep, stress, and night-shift work were associated with increased BMI, while no association was found between sleep duration and hypertension. These factors should be considered when addressing weight-related health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 4","pages":"293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proximate and mineral composition, biological properties, and acute toxicity of <i>Arisarum vulgare</i> O. Targ. Tozz., a traditional wild famine food plant in Morocco.","authors":"Abdelghani Aboukhalaf, Houda El Yacoubi, Atmane Rochdi","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/220854","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/220854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During famine periods in Morocco,<i> Arisarum vulgare</i> O. Targ. Tozz was traditionally consumed in rural areas and contributed to population survival. Despite its historical importance, limited research exists on its nutritional composition, bioactive properties and safety.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study aimed to evaluate the proximate and mineral compositions, phytochemical profile and acute toxicity of <i>A. vulgare</i> tubers.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Nutritional composition was determined using standard food analysis methods, whereas polyphenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity were assessed using colorimetric assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, and safety was assessed by performing acute toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The finding revealed that this plant is rich in carbohydrates but low in protein and fat, while mineral and phenolic contents were at moderate levels. Biological evaluation of the extracts showed remarkable antioxidant activity and wide antibacterial and antifungal effects. The aqueous extract obtained by traditional decoction showed no acute toxicity with LD50 higher than 5000 mg/kg, which suggests that the traditional preparation method plays an important role in reducing the toxicity of <i>A. vulgare</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results highlight the nutritional value of <i>A. vulgare</i> tubers and their content in bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 4","pages":"335-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147964759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal weight obesity - hidden obesity behind a normal BMI: application of composite body composition indices in nutritional status evaluation in Slovak females.","authors":"Laura Hačková, Martina Gažarová, Mária Kijovská","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/213375","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/213375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Normal weight obesity (NWO) is defined as a phenotype in which individuals present with a body mass index within the normal range, yet exhibit an excessive proportion of body fat (> 28%). This condition is linked to elevated risks of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Although BMI remains a widely applied screening parameter, it does not capture the distribution of fat and lean tissue, which may result in misclassification and underestimation of health hazards.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study sought to compare the body composition profiles of women classified as normal weight according to BMI but differing in adiposity levels, and to determine the diagnostic value of composite indices - fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass index (SMMI), and the fat mass (FM)/fat-free mass (FFM) ratio - in identifying NWO phenotype and assessing nutritional status.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 402 female Caucasian volunteers aged 18.6-65 years were included in the study. Body composition was analyzed using the InBody 270 (MF-BIA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 402 participants, 235 fell within the normal-weight BMI range, and 62 of them fulfilled the criteria for the NWO phenotype. Relative to their normal weight (NW) counterparts, the NWO group displayed higher adiposity (%FM: 32.85 vs. 24.08%; FMI: 7.53 vs. 5.08 kg/m²; FM/FFM: 0.49 vs. 0.32, respectively), greater visceral fat accumulation (VFL: 8.68 vs. 5.43), and lower values of lean body mass (FFM: 41.93 vs. 45.22 kg; SMM: 22.76 vs. 24.79 kg). In NWO, BMI correlated only weakly with body fat percentage, whereas FMI and FM/FFM showed substantially stronger associations with an unfavorable body composition pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BMI in isolation does not provide sufficient sensitivity to detect the NWO phenotype. Composite indices offer a more precise depiction of body composition and should be considered as complementary tools in both diagnostic procedures and metabolic risk prevention strategies. Their integration into clinical assessment protocols may facilitate earlier detection and targeted intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 3","pages":"221-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare access and consultation behaviors among overweight and obese adults in Kénitra, Morocco: a cross-sectional study on barriers.","authors":"Hasna Kachache, Sara Ait Lachguer, Ilham Rhzali, Imane Fadel, Fatima Aslaou, Hefdhallah Al-Aizari, Rania El Hariri, Hasnae Benkirane","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/216938","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/216938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overweight and obesity are major public health challenges, yet access to appropriate healthcare and effective management remains limited. This study aimed to assess healthcare access, consultation behaviors, and barriers among overweight and obese adults.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 134 adults in Kénitra, Morocco. Sociodemographic information, body mass index (BMI), and healthcare access variables were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical assessments. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize consultation behaviors, barriers, types of healthcare providers consulted, and follow-up practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among participants, 47.0% were classified as obese, 25.4% as overweight, and 27.6% had normal BMI. Only 19.6% reported consulting specifically for weight-related issues, while 78.4% did not seek care. The main barriers were perception of no need (34.6%), financial constraints (25.6%), and lack of physicians (21.8%). Consultations primarily took place in the private sector (84.2%). Dietitians (40.4%) and specialist physicians (38.6%) were the most frequently consulted professionals, whereas general practitioners accounted for only 10.9%. Follow-up and referral rates were low, with just 3.1% of participants referred to specialists or dietitians and 91.8% receiving no regular monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Access to healthcare for overweight and obese adults is constrained by economic, social, and systemic factors. The low rates of consultation, referral, and follow-up underscore the need for structured care pathways, enhanced provider awareness, and multidisciplinary management strategies in Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 3","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146229013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and perceptions of probiotics among medical and dietetics students: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Michał Andrulewicz","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/216504","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/216504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a key role in human health, and probiotics represent one of the main strategies for its modulation. Knowledge of probiotics among medical and dietetics students may influence their future clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the knowledge and perceptions of probiotics among medical and dietetics students.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 107 students of the Medical University of Bialystok (55 medical students, 52 dietetics students). A 34-item questionnaire was used (maximum score: 51 points). Analyses included the <i>Chi</i>-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test; p < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dietetics students achieved a higher overall score than medical students (median: 31 vs. 27 points; p = 0.005). They more often correctly identified the definition of probiotics (94% vs. 69%; p = 0.002), appropriate product labeling (77% vs. 44%; p < 0.001), and distinguished fermented foods from probiotics (65% vs. 20%; p < 0.001). Differences were also observed regarding strain specificity (65% vs. 22%; p < 0.001), SIBO (75% vs. 42%; p < 0.001), and selected clinical indications, including IBS, atopic dermatitis, acne, ulcerative colitis, and upper respiratory tract infections. Medical students more frequently reported recommending probiotics to others (73% vs. 48%; p = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall level of knowledge was low, with dietetics students outperforming medical students in key areas. The findings suggest a potential need for enhanced evidence-based education on probiotics at the Medical University of Bialystok.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 3","pages":"241-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural characteristics in food communication: consumption patterns, food and health narratives across European social media communities.","authors":"Míra Mohr, Mária Törőcsik","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/217198","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/217198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Food content on social media platforms has emerged as a powerful influence on consumer perceptions, preferences, and purchasing decisions, with growing implications for public health. Given that food preferences and eating habits are rooted in cultural background, understanding how these cultural dimensions shape digital food communication patterns represents a critical research gap.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to explore whether cultural value orientations are mirrored in the food content consumption patterns observed across European social media communities, and how these patterns reflect broader public health-related perceptions of food, health, and authenticity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comparative quantitative and netnographic analysis was conducted on the social media profiles of food influencers from 14 European countries. The structure and thematic focus of food-related content were examined across cultural clusters. The segmentation of these cultural groups was based on the Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map, an internationally recognized framework for analyzing cross-cultural value differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicate culturally distinct patterns in how health is communicated through food-related content. Among food influencers from Mediterranean and Central European countries, health is predominantly communicated implicitly through homemade meals, traditional dishes, and mindful ingredient selection, rather than explicit nutritional or dietary claims. In contrast, influencers from Northern and Western European countries more frequently embed health communication within personal narratives and lifestyle-oriented content, where everyday experiences and emotional self-disclosure play a central role.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that health narratives in food communication are culturally constructed. Understanding such culturally embedded consumption behaviors contributes to more effective food communication and may support preventive health communication in online environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 3","pages":"249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal growth trajectories of preterm infants with and without intrauterine growth restriction up to 24 months of corrected age: the influence of early feeding patterns.","authors":"Nouhayla Bouali, Khalid El Kari, Fatima Zahra Laamiri, Ilham Elouardighi, Lamyae Elyazigi, Imane Zizi, Redouane Belouali, Hassan Aguenaou, Amina Barkat, Mohamed Khalis","doi":"10.32394/rpzh/217603","DOIUrl":"10.32394/rpzh/217603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is common in premature infants and can significantly impact long-term physical and neurological development. While breastfeeding is the gold standard for nutrition, its role in optimizing postnatal growth for this specific population requires further investigation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study compared growth trajectories specifically weight, length, and head circumference between preterm infants with and without IUGR at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of corrected age (CA) in Rabat. It also evaluated the impact of maternal feeding during the first six months (CA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study, conducted at the National Reference Center for Neonatology and Nutrition, followed 45 breastfed preterm infants (25 with IUGR; 20 without). Anthropometric data were collected over two years and compared against WHO growth standards and Fenton curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants with IUGR had significantly lower birth weights and maintained lower weight throughout the follow-up (p < 0.05). At discharge, extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) was present in 100% of the IUGR group and 80% of the without-IUGR group. By 3 months (CA), EUGR incidence decreased but remained length in the IUGR group (32% vs. 10%). Stunting was consistently more prevalent in IUGR infants: 92% vs. 75% at 1 month (CA), 64% vs. 25% at 3 months (CA), 24% vs. 0% at 6 months (CA), and 12% vs. 0% at 12 months (CA). By 24 months (CA), both groups reached normal weight, length, and head circumference. Notably, the feeding type showed no significant effect on growth parameters at 3 or 6 months (CA) (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IUGR preterm infants exhibit significantly poorer growth than their without-IUGR peers. Although maternal feeding offers essential benefits, it does not fully prevent growth restriction. Continuous monitoring and individualized nutritional management are crucial to optimize long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35951,"journal":{"name":"Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny","volume":"76 3","pages":"259-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146228981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}