PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

{"title":"Removing the Graduate Record Examination as an Admissions Requirement Does Not Impact Student Success.","authors":"Lisa M Sullivan,&nbsp;Amanda A Velez,&nbsp;Nikki Longe,&nbsp;Ann Marie Larese,&nbsp;Sandro Galea","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1605023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1605023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The predictive validity of components of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) on student success is inconsistent, and the test itself has been shown to be a barrier for prospective students historically underrepresented in graduate programs. <b>Policy Options and Recommendations:</b> We analyzed three admissions cycles for the Master of Public Health degree at the Boston University School of Public Health before (2016, 2017, 2018) and after (2019, 2020, 2021) eliminating the GRE for diversity and quality of applications, student success, and employment outcomes. We observed increases in diversity (e.g., 7.1% and 7.0% self-identified as African American/Black and Hispanic before eliminating the GRE as compared to 8.5% and 8.2% after), but no loss of quality, as measured by undergraduate grade point averages (GPAs) (e.g., median undergraduate GPA before and after eliminating the GRE of 3.4). We also saw no difference in performance in required core courses (e.g., more than 93.5% of students earned passing grades in required courses before and 94.5% after eliminating the GRE) and graduate employment (i.e., 93.1% employed within 6 months of graduation before and 93.8% after eliminating the GRE). We recommend removing the GRE as an admission requirement for the MPH as a step toward diversifying the public health workforce. This change alone is necessary but insufficient. We also need to develop support programs, tailored specifically to the needs of our future students, to ensure their success. <b>Conclusion:</b> Eliminating the GRE as an admissions requirement for prospective students does not result in loss of student quality or worse program performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33503128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How mHealth Can Contribute to Improving the Continuum of Care: A Scoping Review Approach to the Case of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Philippe Lepere,&nbsp;Awa Babington-Ashaye,&nbsp;Guillermo Z Martínez-Pérez,&nbsp;Didier Koumavi Ekouevi,&nbsp;Alain Bernard Labrique,&nbsp;Alexandra Calmy","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To determine mHealth's contribution to improving the continuum of care in sub-Saharan Africa towards achieving treatment targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endorsed by the 2016 Political Declaration on ending acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). <b>Methods:</b> PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection and Cochrane databases; three observatories and four repositories were searched to identify and select relevant articles, projects and guidelines published from 1 January 2017, to 30 April 2021. Records focusing on the use of mHealth related to HIV treatment cascade or healthcare provider/patient relationship were considered. <b>Results:</b> From 574 identified records, 381 (206 scientific manuscripts and 175 mHealth projects) were considered. After screening, 36 articles (nine randomized control trials, five cohort studies, 19 qualitative studies, and three economic studies) and 23 projects were included. <b>Conclusion:</b> The cross-cutting benefits of mHealth that enhance patient empowerment have been identified. Important challenges such as gaps between research and implementation, lack of transdisciplinary collaboration, and lack of economic evidence were identified to support future mHealth research and accelerate the achievement of treatment targets for HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Government-Sponsored Community Health Programs for Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Published Evaluation Studies.","authors":"Arun Chandrashekhar,&nbsp;Harshad P Thakur","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Population aging is an ongoing challenge for global health policy and is expected to have an increasing impact on developing economies in years to come. A variety of community health programs have been developed to deliver health services to older adults, and evaluating these programs is crucial to improving service delivery and avoiding barriers to implementation. This systematic review examines published evaluation research relating to public and community health programs aimed at older adults throughout the world. <b>Methods:</b> A literature search using standardized criteria yielded 58 published articles evaluating 46 specific programs in 14 countries. <b>Results:</b> Service models involving sponsorship of comprehensive facilities providing centralized access to multiple types of health services were generally evaluated the most positively, with care coordination programs appearing to have generally more modest success, and educational programs having limited effectiveness. Lack of sufficient funding was a commonly-cited barrier to successful program implementations. <b>Conclusion:</b> It is important to include program evaluation as a component of future community and public health interventions aimed at aging populations to better understand how to improve these programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nation-Wide Routinely Collected Health Datasets in China: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Yishu Liu,&nbsp;Shaoming Xiao,&nbsp;Xuejun Yin,&nbsp;Pei Gao,&nbsp;Jing Wu,&nbsp;Shangzhi Xiong,&nbsp;Carinna Hockham,&nbsp;Thomas Hone,&nbsp;Jason H Y Wu,&nbsp;Sallie Anne Pearson,&nbsp;Bruce Neal,&nbsp;Maoyi Tian","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1605025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1605025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The potential for using routinely collected data for medical research in China remains unclear. We sought to conduct a scoping review to systematically characterise nation-wide routinely collected datasets in China that may be of value for clinical research. <b>Methods:</b> We searched public databases and the websites of government agencies, and non-government organizations. We included nation-wide routinely collected databases related to communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, injuries, and maternal and child health. Database characteristics, including disease area, data custodianship, data volume, frequency of update and accessibility were extracted and summarised. <b>Results:</b> There were 70 databases identified, of which 46 related to communicable diseases, 20 to non-communicable diseases, 1 to injury and 3 to maternal and child health. The data volume varied from below 1000 to over 100,000 records. Over half (64%) of the databases were accessible for medical research mostly comprising communicable diseases. <b>Conclusion:</b> There are large quantities of routinely collected data in China. Challenges to using such data in medical research remain with various accessibility. The potential of routinely collected data may also be applicable to other low- and middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASPHER Statement: 5 + 5 + 5 Points for Improving Food Security in the Context of the Russia-Ukraine War. An Opportunity Arising From the Disaster?","authors":"Henrique Lopes,&nbsp;Jose Martin-Moreno","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1605321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1605321","url":null,"abstract":"The situation triggered by the war initiated by Russia in Ukraine, in addition to the widely known impacts that it has directly on the affected populations, has consequences that affect to almost the entire world population. The effects are verified either through increases in the reference prices of commodities, or by occasional ruptures in the supply chains, all of which contribute to the worsening of the economic and social conditions of most of the people. One of the sectors with predictably the greatest impact is food, through multiple mechanisms that end up having the same end result: the worsening of the quantity of food produced on the planet and potentially the decrease of diets quality. Russia and Ukraine are two of the biggest food exporters at a worldwide level, as illustrated by the WPF [1], accounting for 14% of world exports of maize, 18% of wheat and 40% of sunflower. The immediate consequence of the war was the rise in the prices of essential products, both for human and animal food, with historic high values being registered. There have also been financial speculative phenomena with food commodities, which amplifies the phenomenon of price elasticities [2–5]. Several countries depend on a large scale on imports from these countries at war, especially those in African and in the Near East [6, 7]. Therefore, there are strong reasons to believe that in addition to potential food shortages in the war zone, there may be a worsening of the food condition in the near future in regions where it was already fragile or perilous. Even for countries with sufficient economic conditions to continue to obtain supplies at rising prices of food raw materials, it must be considered that many vulnerable groups already faced difficulties before the war in maintaining a sufficient, healthy and balanced diet. In addition to the above-mentioned situation, Russia is the world’s largest exporter of fertilizers [8–12], particularly in the supply chain to Western Europe, a condition that has now been interrupted by countersanctions [13, 14] to the country. Given that it is not a type of product that can be easily found elsewhere and as it is directly indexed to energy prices, which are also rising, it is expected that in this agricultural year producers will find less availability of fertilizers on the market and those that are available are sold at very high prices. This also leads in the long term to a decrease in agricultural production outside the conflict zone. The months of March and April are critical for the volume and quality of European crops and plantations when many sowings are fertilized. The failure at this point ends up having repercussions Approved by: Sarah Mantwill, University of Lucerne, Switzerland","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33496259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Fruit and Vegetables Intake and Common Mental Disorders in Youth: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Julia Dabravolskaj, Shelby Marozoff, Katerina Maximova, Sandra Campbell, Paul J Veugelers","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604686","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Recent evidence suggests that adequate fruit and vegetables intake (FVI) might be associated with lower risk of common mental disorders (CMDs) in adults, but studies in youth are also beginning to emerge and are synthesized in this systematic review. <b>Methods:</b> Online databases were searched from inception to 30 October 2020 to locate cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies focusing on the FVI and CMDs in youth (i.e., 10-18 years old). The risk of bias of studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. <b>Results:</b> Among 3,944 records identified, 12 studies (8 cross-sectional, 1 case-control, and 3 prospective cohort studies) were included in the final synthesis. None of the prospective cohort studies identified a statistically significant association between FVI and CMDs in youth, although inconsistent associations were reported in cross-sectional and case-control studies. <b>Conclusion:</b> The lack of associations between FVI and CMDs in youth, along with consistent associations in adults, might be explained by the accumulation of risk theoretical model and methodological challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9530034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33491221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation in Rural Health Services Requires Local Actors and Local Action.","authors":"Dean Carson,&nbsp;Robyn Preston,&nbsp;Anna-Karin Hurtig","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> We examine the role of \"local actors\" and \"local action\" (LALA) in health service innovation in high-resource small rural settings and aim to inform debates about the extent to which communities can be empowered to drive change in service design and delivery. <b>Methods:</b> Using an adapted roles and activities framework we analyzed 32 studies of innovation projects in public health, clinical interventions, and service models. <b>Results:</b> Rural communities can investigate, lead, own and sustain innovation projects. However, there is a paucity of research reflecting limited reporting capacity and/or understanding of LALA. Highlighting this lack of evidence strengthens the need for study designs that enable an analysis of LALA. <b>Conclusion:</b> Innovation and community participation in health services are pressing issues in small rural settings where population size and distance from health infrastructure make service delivery challenging. Current reviews of community participation in rural health give little insight into the process of innovation nor understanding of how local actors produce improvements in innovation. This review outlines how communities and institutions can harness the essential role of LALA in supporting health innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best Nursing Intervention Practices to Prevent Non-Communicable Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Mercedes Gomez Del Pulgar,&nbsp;Miguel Angel Cuevas-Budhart,&nbsp;Sonsoles Hernández-Iglesias,&nbsp;Maria Kappes,&nbsp;Veronica Andrea Riquelme Contreras,&nbsp;Esther Rodriguez-Lopez,&nbsp;Alina Maria De Almeida Souza,&nbsp;Maximo A Gonzalez Jurado,&nbsp;Almudena Crespo Cañizares","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To explore nursing health education interventions for non-communicable disease patients. <b>Methods:</b> The design was a systematic review of research work published between 2008 and 2018. The data sources included the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, COCHRANE, and LILACS. The studies that met the inclusion were assessed, and the analysis for methodological quality through the recommended tools CASPe, and JADAD. <b>Results:</b> Fifteen original studies from eight counties were included in the review; Findings revealed 13 studies with randomized samples and six used power analysis. Nurses' interventions included house calls, home care, and individual and group health education. <b>Conclusion:</b> Nursing interventions showed 76.4% the effectiveness of results in patient outcomes to promote and improve healthier lifestyles and quality of life of non-communicable disease patients. This review discloses the significant impact of nursing health education interventions. Nursing leadership and political decision-makers should consider providing programs to enhance health education knowledge and abilities. All of this can favor the sustainability of the global economy by changing the life style of thousands of people worldwide. <b>Systematic Review Registration:</b> https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42020208809.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9516617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40393150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling Cholera Outbreak Amidst COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: Challenges and Recommendations.","authors":"Alhaji Umar Sow,&nbsp;Usman Abubakar Haruna,&nbsp;Oladunni Abimbola Amos,&nbsp;Edward Olorunfemi Olajide,&nbsp;Terhemen Amene,&nbsp;Oluwatomisin Dara Odususi,&nbsp;Bukola Adedoyin Adewusi,&nbsp;Chinedu Abia,&nbsp;Jackson Safari,&nbsp;Florence Wuraola Sorinola,&nbsp;Hassan Olayemi Alaka,&nbsp;Sulaiman Muhammad Musa","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Since the first confirmed case of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nigeria, the pandemic has become a major public health challenge, affecting different sectors of the country. While Nigeria is battling to control the spread of COVID-19, the eruption of new cholera cases has put additional pressure on the strained healthcare system. <b>Evidence</b>: We showed how the overwhelming focus on COVID-19 has jeopardized key cholera containment measures such as disease surveillance, risk communication, and case management. <b>Policy Options and Recommendations:</b> We recommend provision and universal access to safe water and sanitation as key cholera preventive and control measures. However, these are resources that developing countries including Nigeria find rather challenging to provide. We also proposed the implementation of well-coordinated multi-sectoral interventions that involve strengthening disease surveillance including access to safe drinking water, vaccines, and treatment, especially in vulnerable communities. <b>Conclusion:</b> This policy brief provides evidence for policymakers, which if acted upon, will foster sustainable solutions to the lingering cholera outbreaks in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511573/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40381550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palliative Care Within the Primary Health Care Setting in Australia: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Deborah van Gaans,&nbsp;Katrina Erny-Albrecht,&nbsp;Jennifer Tieman","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1604856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1604856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> This scoping review identifies and details the scope of practice of health professionals who provide palliative care within the primary health setting in Australia. <b>Methods:</b> A scoping review approach was conducted on the Cinahl (Ebsco), Scopus, Medline (Ovid) and PubMed databases to extract articles from 1 December 2015 to 1 December 2020. Broad text words and MeSH headings were used with relevance to palliative care, general practice, primary health, and community setting. Extracted journal articles were limited to those based on the Australian population or Australian health system. <b>Results:</b> Eighty-four papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The review identified the following health professional roles within the Primary Health Care setting undertaking palliative care: General Practitioner, Nurse, Pharmacist, Paramedics, Carers, and Allied Health professionals. <b>Conclusion:</b> This review offers a first understanding of the individual health professional roles and multidisciplinary team approach to actively providing palliative care within the Primary Health Care setting in Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9485459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33489259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}