PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS最新文献

{"title":"Reducing Inequities During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review and Synthesis of Public Health Recommendations.","authors":"Chloe Brown,&nbsp;Katie Wilkins,&nbsp;Amy Craig-Neil,&nbsp;Tara Upshaw,&nbsp;Andrew David Pinto","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604031","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic should take into account worsening health inequities. While many public health experts have commented on inequities, no analysis has yet synthesized recommendations into a guideline for practitioners. The objective of this rapid review was to identify the areas of greatest concern and synthesize recommendations. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a rapid systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020178131). We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases from December 1, 2019 to April 27, 2020. We included English language peer-reviewed commentaries, editorials, and opinion pieces that addressed the social determinants of health in the context of COVID-19. <b>Results:</b> 338 articles met our criteria. Authors represented 81 countries. Income, housing, mental health, age and occupation were the most discussed social determinants of health. We categorized recommendations into primordial, primary, secondary and tertiary prevention that spoke to the social determinants of COVID-19 and equity. <b>Conclusion:</b> These recommendations can assist efforts to contain COVID-19 and reduce health inequities during the pandemic. Using these recommendations, public health practitioners could support a more equitable pandemic response. <b>Systematic Review Registration</b>: PROSPERO, CRD42020178131.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604031"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8802804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swiss Cohort & Biobank - The White Paper.","authors":"Nicole Probst-Hensch,&nbsp;Murielle Bochud,&nbsp;Arnaud Chiolero,&nbsp;Luca Crivelli,&nbsp;Julia Dratva,&nbsp;Antoine Flahault,&nbsp;Daniel Frey,&nbsp;Nino Kuenzli,&nbsp;Milo Puhan,&nbsp;L Suzanne Suggs,&nbsp;Corina Wirth","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2022.1605660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2022.1605660","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of longitudinal surveillance, population-based cohort studies have the advantage of having the whole healthcare system under surveillance and not just individuals treated in centralized university hospitals. This is of particular relevance in Switzerland in the absence of broadly accessible ambulatory care data. Thus, population-based cohort data also provides primary care physicians with an important evidence-base on the long-term population health impact of their care activities.","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"43 ","pages":"1605660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9534598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards \"Groundtextual\" Public Health: The Need for a Critical and Transformative Approach.","authors":"Kesavan Rajasekharan Nayar","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2021.1604639","url":null,"abstract":"Public health theory, practice, and education that do not relate to the context become irrelevant. “Groundtextual” is a neologism of grounded and contextual public health which has both universalistic and particularistic elements in its package and should be capable of responding to local challenges. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the current state of public health as it is a popular course in many universities and institutes. In any context, public health with a universalistic framework, strategy, or theory and methods needs to face the challenge of the diversities across regions and states. Experience in research with such diversities also prompts this paper as data from such different contexts make it a challenging task to develop uniform strategies. It is also extremely challenging because, in many instances, lack of data reduces public health to a “silent science.” Public health is now reduced to a data science. Especially, the prominence given to statistics, quantitative applications, and some broad theoretical notions means that scholars are unable to respond given the absence of reliable data on many infections except some easy-toimplement microanalyses. However, such prominence of quantification gives it an appearance of a universal science. There exists an assumption among public health scholars, termed as a “laminar view,” which assumes that if one adopts a mechanical methodological approach similar to some of the normal sciences, it is possible to capture the phenomena consisting of issues related to health and health services in an uninterrupted flow. However, this is a myth as there are many conflicting spheres in public health especially when many social, cultural, and political contexts influence the phenomena. Most of the decision-making within the health services system is taken within the political sphere and is largely eminence-based because of the priorities and imperatives of the sphere itself. Such conflicts between the spheres and levels may not be revealed or may be captured only superficially in so-called mythicized and pedantic surveys and statistical research. The social sphere is also difficult to capture unless the researchers have unusually creative as well as responsive abilities. It is unrealistic to assume that any single study should or can investigate the entire gamut of the process and dynamics of the public health phenomena especially because of its complexity. The need for an iterative process which moves from simple level exploratory approaches to more complex and abstract constructions is to be recognized. But this is the missing link that gets lost in the present race for outputs which can be categorized as market-decided research, the so-called flourishing “knowledge market.” This commentary is intended to reflect on these challenges and to create reflexive responses by the scholars in public health. This is especially important given the observation regarding the “silence of majority” of pub","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604639"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8758576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse Approaches to Creating and Using Causal Loop Diagrams in Public Health Research: Recommendations From a Scoping Review.","authors":"Lori Baugh Littlejohns, Carly Hill, Cory Neudorf","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604352","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Complex systems thinking methods are increasingly called for and used as analytical lenses in public health research. The use of qualitative system mapping and in particular, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) is described as one promising method or tool. To our knowledge there are no published literature reviews that synthesize public health research regarding how CLDs are created and used. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a scoping review to address this gap in the public health literature. Inclusion criteria included: 1) focused on public health research, 2) peer reviewed journal article, 3) described and/or created a CLD, and 4) published in English from January 2018 to March 2021. Twenty-three articles were selected from the search strategy. <b>Results:</b> CLDs were described as a new tool and were based upon primary and secondary data, researcher driven and group processes, and numerous data analysis methods and frameworks. Intended uses of CLDs ranged from illustrating complexity to informing policy and practice. <b>Conclusion:</b> From our learnings we propose nine recommendations for building knowledge and skill in creating and using CLDs for future public health research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8712315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39609489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Governance for Improved Human, Animal, and Planetary Health: The Essential Role of Schools and Programs of Public Health.","authors":"John Middleton, Dorothy Biberman, Laura Magana, Rocio Saenz, Wah Yun Low, Philip Adongo, Gregory S Kolt, Rajendra Surenthirakumaran","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604610","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8711018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Reviewing School Uniform Through a Public Health Lens: Evidence About the Impacts of School Uniform on Education and Health.","authors":"Johanna Reidy","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2021.1604543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1604212.].</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604543"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8711297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviors of General and High-Risk Adult Populations Towards COVID-19: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Nathalie Clavel, Janine Badr, Lara Gautier, Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay, Jesseca Paquette","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1603979","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1603979","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major crisis for governments and populations. The public's risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors are key factors that play a vital role in the transmission of infectious diseases. Our scoping review aims to map the early evidence on risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors of general and high-risk adult populations towards COVID-19. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles in five databases on studies conducted during the early stages of COVID-19. Thirty-one studies meeting the inclusion criteria were appraised and analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The levels of risk perceptions, knowledge, and behaviors towards COVID-19 were moderate to high in both general and high-risk adult populations. Adults were knowledgeable about preventive behaviors. Our review identified hand-washing and avoiding crowded places as dominant preventive behaviors. Being a female, older, more educated, and living in urban areas was associated with better knowledge of COVID-19 and appropriate preventive behaviors. <b>Conclusion:</b> This review offers a first understanding of risk perceptions, knowledge and behaviors of adult populations during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1603979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution and Recognition.","authors":"Muhammad Adil Ashraf,&nbsp;Ameer Muhammad,&nbsp;Yasir Shafiq","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2021.1604343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With COVAX touted as the only platform that is built on equity and fairness, there is growing discontent and concern that the platform is falling short of its goals as COVID ravages across multiple countries. There are two serious issues that we address here. Firstly, COVID distribution principles and mechanisms need to be rethought in terms of a shift from private to global interests with a focus on prioritizing deliveries. Secondly, with multiple vaccines present, it is vital that countries recognize all of them, once proven safe and effective, to prevent any form of vaccine apartheid and discrimination.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8589007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Easing Restrictions During Vaccine Scarcity. How Mitigation Measures Help Tackling Associated Moral and Behavioral Challenges.","authors":"Max Tretter,&nbsp;David B Ehrlich,&nbsp;Ulrich von Ulmenstein","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604269","DOIUrl":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> When vaccines became first available during the Covid-19 pandemic, their demand significantly exceeded their supply. In consequence, the access to vaccines, initially, was distributed unequally. At the same time, governments started easing pandemic restrictions for vaccinated and recovered persons and restoring their freedoms since their risk of transmitting the virus is significantly reduced. <b>Evidence:</b> We show that restoring freedoms for vaccinated and recovered persons - while upholding restrictions for the rest of the population - is morally unfair during vaccine scarcity. Further, it may yield unintended side-effects, including perverse incentives, growing rifts in society, and the expansion of marginalization. <b>Policy Options & Recommendations:</b> We recommend accompanying easing for vaccinated and recovered individuals by mitigation measures for those who are neither vaccinated nor recovered. We propose, first, to temporarily lift the same restrictions for negative-tested individuals, as for vaccinated or recovered people. Second, the state must ensure broad and easy access to testing for everyone - free of charge. <b>Conclusion:</b> If done right, these mitigation measures create (at least temporarily) equal access to freedom for everybody - solving the moral problem of unfair access to freedoms and counteracting possible negative consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604269"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8588827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can Schools of Public Health Actively Promote Peace?","authors":"Yudit Namer,&nbsp;Lisa Wandschneider,&nbsp;John Middleton,&nbsp;Nadav Davidovitch,&nbsp;Oliver Razum","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2021.1604459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2021.1604459","url":null,"abstract":"War has detrimental consequences on public health. They range from medical and public health implications, human rights violations, and ethical, political, social, environmental, and economic implications [1]. With such profound influence on health, Schools of Public Health (SPH), intrinsically, will oppose organized armed conflict. But can they do more? We believe so. SPH can–and should–actively engage in promoting peace. They should do so not only in terms of the absence of war or conflict but also to promote “the presence of justice and equity, as well as respect for human rights and for the Earth” [2]. Medical doctors, nurses, and other health professions have already been active in this, e.g., the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW). Also, the framework Peace through Health (PtH) [3] promotes the vision to collaborate “on policy development, training, and service across borders and lines in conflict” [4]. The PtH approach, however, primarily addresses the role of health and humanitarian aid workers in zones of armed conflict and those involved in rebuilding afterward. Such workers are without doubt of utmost importance for immediate peacebuilding processes. Many of these approaches are primarily medical or humanitarian. Public health, with its interdisciplinary perspective rooted in the understanding of the role of social, economic, and political determinants of health as well as on prevention and population approaches, has a lot more to offer [5]. It can broaden the discourse and practices on how to engage in conflicts and war prevention.","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":"42 ","pages":"1604459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2021-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8544177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39815487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}