{"title":"Food Intake and Food Selection Following Physical Relocation: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Trevor Kouritzin, John C Spence, Karen Lee","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To synthesize the current available evidence on the changes in food intake and food selection after physical relocation in non-refugee populations. <b>Methods:</b> The inclusion criteria were studies with a measurement of food selection and/or food intake in non-refugee populations where physical relocation had occurred with self-reported or objective assessment of the neighbourhood physical environment before and after relocation. Databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 1946 to August 2022. <b>Results:</b> A total of four articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, these studies gave longitudinal (<i>n</i> = 2) and cross-sectional (<i>n</i> = 2) evidence to suggest that moving to an urban neighbourhood with more convenience stores, cafés and restaurants around the home was associated with an increase in unhealthy food intake in adult populations. Additional factors such as income, vehicle access, cost, availability and perceptions of the local food environment played a role in shaping food selection and food intake. <b>Conclusion:</b> Four internal migration studies were found. The limited evidence base calls for more research. Future studies should include children and apply appropriate research designs to account for neighbourhood self-selection and concurrent life events. International migration studies should include assessment of neighbourhood physical environments pre- and post-relocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9928753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10766746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Intersectionality of Sex and Race in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lauren D Hunter, Tara Boer, Leia Y Saltzman","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked with cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggesting a risk for negative health outcomes among individuals with PTSD. This review synthesizes the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD and highlights the intersection of sex and race. <b>Methods:</b> Covidence was used to systematically review the literature published between 1980 and 2020. <b>Results:</b> 176 studies were extracted. 68 (38.64%) of the studies were a predominantly male sample. 31 studies (17.61%) were a predominantly female sample. Most reported participants of both sexes (<i>n</i> = 72; 40.91%) and only 5 (2.84%) did not report respondent sex. No studies reported transgender participants. 110 (62.5%) studies reported racial and ethnic diversity in their study population, 18 (10.22%) described a completely or predominantly white sample, and 48 (27.27%) did not report race or ethnicity of their study population. <b>Conclusion:</b> A compelling number of studies did not identify sex differences in the link between PTSD and CVD or failed to report race and ethnicity. Investigating sex, race, ethnicity, and the temporal relationship between PTSD and CVD are promising avenues for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9819998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark Davies, Megan Elliott, Sarah Wallace, Carolyn Wallace
{"title":"Enhancing Student Wellbeing Through Social Prescribing: A Rapid Realist Review.","authors":"Mark Davies, Megan Elliott, Sarah Wallace, Carolyn Wallace","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> A Rapid Realist Review of social prescribing in Higher Education (HE) was undertaken to determine what works, for whom, how, why, and within what circumstances. The review resulted in the development of a Realist Programme Theory articulating the way in which social prescribing can be implemented within the HE environment. <b>Methods:</b> Searches of 12 electronic databases were supplemented by citation chaining and grey literature surfaced by the Project Advisory Group. The RAMESES Quality Standards for Realist Review were followed, and the retrieved articles were systematically screened and iteratively analysed to develop Context-Mechanism-Outcome Configurations (CMOCs) and an overarching Realist Programme Theory. <b>Results:</b> A total of 57 documents were included. The overarching programme theory was developed from the analysis of these documents and comprised of a social prescribing pathway with the following components: (1) An Accessible Gateway, (2) A Skilled Peer, (3) Trusted-Safe-Credible Resources, and (4) A Healthy Setting. <b>Conclusion:</b> A Realist Programme Theory was developed-this model and associated principles will provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of social prescribing pathways within higher education. Whilst the direct project outputs are of particular significance to the UK HE audience, the underpinning principles can support practice within the global arena.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10442486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10063103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duncan Fairgrieve, Marco Rizzi, Claas Kirchhelle, Sam Halabi, Geraint Howells, Normann Witzleb
{"title":"No-Fault Compensation Schemes for COVID-19 Vaccines: Best Practice Hallmarks.","authors":"Duncan Fairgrieve, Marco Rizzi, Claas Kirchhelle, Sam Halabi, Geraint Howells, Normann Witzleb","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605973","url":null,"abstract":"British Institute of International and Comparative Law, London, United Kingdom, Centre de Recherche Droit Dauphine, Université Paris Dauphine, Paris, France, UWA Law School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia, School of History, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, School of Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States, School of Law, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland, Faculty of Law, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10189543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9502855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evidence-Based Policy Recommendations for Public Health Emergency Operation Centers in Regional Settings: A Case Study in Indonesia.","authors":"Muhammad Hardhantyo, Hanevi Djasri, Aldilas Achmad Nursetyo, Bella Donna, Madelina Ariani, Happy Pangaribuan, Gde Yulian Yogadhita, Andriani Yulianti, Bernadeta Rachela Adipradipta","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1604899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1604899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Public health emergencies require integration between multiple stakeholders in different sectors to monitor the situation and carry out an appropriate response. As a country with a large land area consisting of thousands of islands, Indonesia's centralized Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) system is currently unable to effectively contain diseases. A PHEOC system reform is required to accommodate Indonesia's circumstances, particularly at the regional level. We have outlined potential models at the sub-national level for PHEOC based on existing evidence. <b>Policy Options and Recommendations:</b> Based on existing evidence of PHEOC models internationally, we have formulated three policy models for regional-level PHEOC. These models (the <i>ad hoc</i> agency model, the independent agency model, and the Province Health Office (PHO)-based model) entail different chains of command, and each has its own benefits. <b>Conclusion:</b> We recommend that the Ministry of Health in Indonesia adopt the third PHEOC policy model, in which the chain of command lies under the PHO. This is the most practical approach, as the PHO has the authority to mobilize units and access resources in response to imminent public health emergencies. Further training and capacity-building are required to support the PHO as the commander of the regional PHEOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10435730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10106590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acknowledgement to Reviewers 2022.","authors":"Phr Editorial Office","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10061347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9588149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Rodríguez-Feria, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Suzanne Babich, Daniela Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fredy Leonardo Carreño Hernández, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez
{"title":"Divergence and Convergence of the Public Health Leadership Competency Framework Against Others in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Pablo Rodríguez-Feria, Katarzyna Czabanowska, Suzanne Babich, Daniela Rodríguez-Sánchez, Fredy Leonardo Carreño Hernández, Luis Jorge Hernández Flórez","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> The following scoping review is aimed at identifying leadership competency frameworks in Undergraduate Medical Education (UME) by analyzing the thematic scopes, target audiences, and methods involved. A further objective is to compare the frameworks against a standard framework. <b>Methods:</b> The authors extracted the thematic scope and methods of each framework based on the original author's formulations in each selected paper. The target audience was divided into three sections: UME, medical education, and beyond medical education. The frameworks were converged and diverged against the public health leadership competency framework. <b>Results:</b> Thirty-three frameworks covering thematic scopes such as refugees and migrants were identified. The most common methods to develop leadership frameworks were reviews and interviews. The courses targeted multiple disciplines including medicine and nurses. The identified competency frameworks have not converged among important domains of leadership such as systems thinking, political leadership, leading change, and emotional intelligence. <b>Conclusion:</b> There is a variety of frameworks that support leadership in UME. Nevertheless, they are not consistent in vital domains to face worldwide health challenges. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary leadership competency frameworks which address health challenges should be used in UME.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9811202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaguan Zhou, Yichen Jin, Yi Zhu, Weiwei Fang, Xiaochen Dai, Carmen Lim, Shiva Raj Mishra, Peige Song, Xiaolin Xu
{"title":"Sleep Problems Associate With Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Yaguan Zhou, Yichen Jin, Yi Zhu, Weiwei Fang, Xiaochen Dai, Carmen Lim, Shiva Raj Mishra, Peige Song, Xiaolin Xu","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To summarize the evidence on the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity. <b>Methods:</b> Six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wan fang) were searched to identify observational studies on the association between sleep problems and multimorbidity. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for multimorbidity. <b>Results:</b> A total of 17 observational studies of 133,575 participants were included. Sleep problems included abnormal sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, poor sleep quality, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The pooled ORs (95% CIs) for multimorbidity were 1.49 (1.24-1.80) of short sleep duration, 1.21 (1.11-1.44) of long sleep duration and 2.53 (1.85-3.46) for insomnia. The association of other sleep problems with multimorbidity was narratively summarized due to limited number of comparable studies. <b>Conclusion:</b> Abnormal sleep duration and insomnia are associated with higher odds of multimorbidity, while the evidence on association of snoring, poor sleep quality, obstructive sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome with multimorbidity remains inconclusive. Interventions targeting sleep problems should be delivered for better management of multimorbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10293634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9735383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marija Glisic, Peter Francis Raguindin, Armin Gemperli, Petek Eylul Taneri, Dante Jr Salvador, Trudy Voortman, Pedro Marques Vidal, Stefania I Papatheodorou, Setor K Kunutsor, Arjola Bano, John P A Ioannidis, Taulant Muka
{"title":"A 7-Step Guideline for Qualitative Synthesis and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Health Sciences.","authors":"Marija Glisic, Peter Francis Raguindin, Armin Gemperli, Petek Eylul Taneri, Dante Jr Salvador, Trudy Voortman, Pedro Marques Vidal, Stefania I Papatheodorou, Setor K Kunutsor, Arjola Bano, John P A Ioannidis, Taulant Muka","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To provide a step-by-step, easy-to-understand, practical guide for systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. <b>Methods:</b> A multidisciplinary team of researchers with extensive experience in observational studies and systematic review and meta-analysis was established. Previous guidelines in evidence synthesis were considered. <b>Results:</b> There is inherent variability in observational study design, population, and analysis, making evidence synthesis challenging. We provided a framework and discussed basic meta-analysis concepts to assist reviewers in making informed decisions. We also explained several statistical tools for dealing with heterogeneity, probing for bias, and interpreting findings. Finally, we briefly discussed issues and caveats for translating results into clinical and public health recommendations. Our guideline complements \"A 24-step guide on how to design, conduct, and successfully publish a systematic review and meta-analysis in medical research\" and addresses peculiarities for observational studies previously unexplored. <b>Conclusion:</b> We provided 7 steps to synthesize evidence from observational studies. We encourage medical and public health practitioners who answer important questions to systematically integrate evidence from observational studies and contribute evidence-based decision-making in health sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10227668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9565451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulaiman Muhammad Musa, Usman Abubakar Haruna, Emery Manirambona, Gilbert Eshun, Dalhatu Muhammad Ahmad, David Adelekan Dada, Ahmed Adamu Gololo, Shuaibu Saidu Musa, Abdulafeez Katibi Abdulkadir, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Iii
{"title":"Paucity of Health Data in Africa: An Obstacle to Digital Health Implementation and Evidence-Based Practice.","authors":"Sulaiman Muhammad Musa, Usman Abubakar Haruna, Emery Manirambona, Gilbert Eshun, Dalhatu Muhammad Ahmad, David Adelekan Dada, Ahmed Adamu Gololo, Shuaibu Saidu Musa, Abdulafeez Katibi Abdulkadir, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno Iii","doi":"10.3389/phrs.2023.1605821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/phrs.2023.1605821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Among the numerous challenges that Africa faces in improving its healthcare systems, the paucity of health data stands out as paramount. This study aims to examine the challenges related to the paucity of health data in Africa and its impact on the implementation of digital health and evidence-based practice. The findings of the study reveal that health data availability in Africa is both limited and frequently of poor quality. Several factors contribute to this concerning situation, encompassing inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of resources, and cultural barriers. Furthermore, the available data, despite its limitations, is often underutilized due to a lack of capacity and expertise in data analysis and interpretation. <b>Policy Options and Recommendations:</b> To improve healthcare delivery in Africa, we recommend implementing novel strategies for data collection. It's important to recognize that effective information technology service is crucial for enhancing healthcare delivery, and a holistic approach is necessary to achieve this. <b>Conclusion:</b> This brief presents information to help policymakers develop long-term solutions to Africa's health data poverty. Taking action based on this evidence can assist in addressing the problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":35944,"journal":{"name":"PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}