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Pluralism in Global Risk Regulation: The Dispute over GMOs and Trade 全球风险监管的多元性:转基因生物与贸易之争
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-10-20 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1491608
Nico Krisch
{"title":"Pluralism in Global Risk Regulation: The Dispute over GMOs and Trade","authors":"Nico Krisch","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1491608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1491608","url":null,"abstract":"Debates about the construction of postnational law and global governance are usually dominated by a constitutionalist prism, by the hope to establish order through principled hierarchies on a domestic model. Yet what we see emerging is quite different: it is a pluralist order in which the different parts (of domestic, regional, and global origin) are not linked by overarching legal rules, but interact in a largely political fashion. This paper traces the structure of pluralism in a central area of global governance, the regime complex around trade, food safety and the environment, using the example of the dispute over trade with genetically modified organisms (GMOs). It analyses the different institutions and their modes of interaction in this area, and it shows how their competing authority claims relate to broader claims by various collectives striving for control in the construction of global governance. The paper also seeks to shed light on the common charge that pluralist orders create instability. The analysis of the GMO dispute does not confirm this view; it reveals limits to what global risk regulation can achieve in the face of highly politicised conflict, but it also shows significant cooperation successes. Moreover, it suggests that the limits of cooperation are due less to institutional than to societal structures and that a pluralist order, by leaving issues of principle open, may provide a safety valve for issues of high salience, thus avoiding frictions a constitutionalist order might produce.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
British Jobs for British Workers? UK Industrial Action and Free Movement of Services in EU Law 英国的工作留给英国人?欧盟法律中的英国工业行动和服务自由流动
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1424662
C. Kilpatrick
{"title":"British Jobs for British Workers? UK Industrial Action and Free Movement of Services in EU Law","authors":"C. Kilpatrick","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1424662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1424662","url":null,"abstract":"The European Court of Justice’s new approach to posting of workers is explored in light of recent UK industrial action. Four doctrinal positions are identified and probed: the host-state standards posted workers can enjoy, the role of collective standards and action to set and enforce host-state standards for posted workers, the liability of unions and employers under Article 49 EC, and demarcation of the boundaries between free movement of services and other Treaty personal freedoms. While the inspiration informing the new approach, adapting to enlargement and encouraging cross-border trade, is appropriate, the UK disputes help powerfully to illustrate how the doctrinal positions thus inspired create, especially in certain combinations, outcomes which are doctrinally dubious, socially and politically undesirable, and potentially highly socially inflammable. In many respects, the new approach is the wrong approach.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114491003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Legal Regimes and Regimes of Knowledge: Governing Global Services Trade 法律制度和知识制度:治理全球服务贸易
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-06-21 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1423538
A. Lang
{"title":"Legal Regimes and Regimes of Knowledge: Governing Global Services Trade","authors":"A. Lang","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1423538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1423538","url":null,"abstract":"The starting point of this paper is that if we want to understand the way in which international law structures and mediates the deployment of power in international life, then we need to attend to the relationship between law and knowledge - the relationship between international legal processes and the processes by which we collectively come to know, describe, and imagine the world in which we live. My aim is to explore this relationship empirically by looking in detail at one case study, namely the international legal regime governing international trade in services, and specifically, the World Trade Organisation's General Agreement on Trade in Services. Over the last fifteen years, this new body of international law has developed and evolved alongside a corresponding body of social scientific expertise on the nature and dynamics of the global services economy. I tell a story of the co-evolution of these two systems - the legal regime on the one hand, and the body of knowledge on the other - and try to trace in detail the ways in which law and legal processes have been present in processes of knowledge production, shaping the way the global services economy is collectively imagined and its dynamics understood. I offer four axes along which to think about this relationship, corresponding to the concepts of constitution, transmission, objectification and empowerment.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115445528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
On Building the American and the European Empires 论美国和欧洲帝国的建立
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-06-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1550910
J. Colomer
{"title":"On Building the American and the European Empires","authors":"J. Colomer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1550910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1550910","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of building the United States of America (USA) during the nineteenth century and the European Union (EU) since mid-twentieth century are among the major claims for the possibility of a vast, ‘imperial’-size political unit based on democratic principles. The crucial period for the consolidation of the USA was between the Civil War and the First World War, when it established clear territorial limits and completed its internal institutionalization as a federal democratic union. While the EU has achieved higher levels of economic integration on some issues than the USA did one hundred years ago, it still recognizes a number of additional candidates to become member-states and has not attained a stable constitutional framework. As it was the case for the USA about a century ago, for the current European Union putting an end to the process of territorial expansion and fixing neat external frontiers seems to be a necessary condition to achieve internal institutional stability and robust federal formulas.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121459978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Gauging the Cumbersomeness of EU Law 衡量欧盟法律的繁琐
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1550906
D. Chalmers
{"title":"Gauging the Cumbersomeness of EU Law","authors":"D. Chalmers","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1550906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1550906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115052084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
A New Concept of European Federalism 欧洲联邦制的新概念
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1550908
B. Frey
{"title":"A New Concept of European Federalism","authors":"B. Frey","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1550908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1550908","url":null,"abstract":"By opening markets the European union has been also an economic success. However, with respect to political organization the European Union is far less accomplished. The misguided concept of a successful Europe consists in mistaking integration for harmonization and homogenization. But the essence of Europe is its diversity. No steps have been taken to actively institutionalize competition between governmental units at all levels. The welfare of European citizens could be improved by promoting competition between new jurisdictions. A new type of federalism based on Functional, Overlapping Competing Jurisdictions FOCJ is here proposed. FOCJ form a federal system of governments emerging from below as a response to citizens' preferences. The lowest political units (communes) must be given the freedom to engage in forming FOCJ and must have the right to levy taxes to finance the public services they provide.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114316251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Dual Alignment of Industrial Relations Activity: From Strategic Choice to Mutual Gains 劳资关系活动的双重结盟:从战略选择到互惠互利
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.1108/S0742-6186(2011)0000018004
A. Avgar, S. Kuruvilla
{"title":"Dual Alignment of Industrial Relations Activity: From Strategic Choice to Mutual Gains","authors":"A. Avgar, S. Kuruvilla","doi":"10.1108/S0742-6186(2011)0000018004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-6186(2011)0000018004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper brings new evidence on the relationship between employees' well being, sickness absence and four dimensions of workplace performance i.e. productivity, efficiency, quality of service and profitability. It uses a new panel dataset with monthly observations over two years for 48 local units of a large multi-site organisation in the logistics sector. It finds that good consultation and communication at the local level are associated with lower absenteeism. It also finds that lower absence is associated with higher efficiency, productivity, quality of the service and profitability of the firm. Finally, the authors suggest that the link between workers’ absence and this firm’s profitability runs through the increased use of replacement labour which raises short-run costs and reduces quality of service.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123325434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Does Beta Move with News? Systematic Risk and Firm-Specific Information Flows Beta会随着新闻而变化吗?系统风险与企业特定信息流
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-03-17 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1344803
Andrew J. Patton, Michela Verardo
{"title":"Does Beta Move with News? Systematic Risk and Firm-Specific Information Flows","authors":"Andrew J. Patton, Michela Verardo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1344803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1344803","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows that the systematic risk (or \"beta\") of individual stocks increases by an economically and statistically signi…cant amount on days of firm-specific news announcements, and reverts to its average level two to five days later. We employ intra-daily data and recent advances in econometric theory to obtain daily firm-level estimates of beta for all constituents of the S&P 500 index over the period 1995-2006, and estimate the behavior of beta around the dates of over 22,000 quarterly earnings announcements. We find that the increase in beta is larger for more liquid and more visible stocks, and for announcements with greater information content and higher ex-ante uncertainty. We also find important differences in the behavior of beta across different industries. Our analysis reveals that changes in beta around news announcements are mostly driven by an increase in the covariance of announcing firms with other firms in the market. We provide a simple model of investors’ expectations formation that helps explain our empirical findings: changes in beta can be generated by investors learning about the profitability of a given firm by using information on other firms.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125266079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Leader Behavior and the Natural Resource Curse 领导行为与自然资源诅咒
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2009-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/OEP/GPP023
F. Caselli, T. Cunningham
{"title":"Leader Behavior and the Natural Resource Curse","authors":"F. Caselli, T. Cunningham","doi":"10.1093/OEP/GPP023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OEP/GPP023","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss political economy mechanisms which can explain the resource curse, in which an increase in the size of resource rents causes a decrease in the economy’s total value added. We identify a number of channels through which resource rents will alter the incentives of a political leader. Some of these induce greater investment by the leader in assets that favour growth (infrastructure, rule of law, etc.), others lead to a potentially catastrophic drop in such activities. As a result, the effect of resource abundance can be highly non-monotonic. We argue that it is critical to understand how resources affect the leader’s \"survival function\", i.e. the reduced-form probability of retaining power. We also briefly survey decentralised mechanisms, in which rents induce a reallocation of labour by private agents, crowding out productive activity more than proportionately. We argue that these mechanisms cannot be fully understood without simultaneously studying leader behaviour.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127679564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 205
Beyond interoperability to digital ecosystems: regional innovation and socio-economic development led by SMEs 从互操作性到数字生态系统:由中小企业主导的区域创新和社会经济发展
LSE Research Online Documents on Economics Pub Date : 2008-08-20 DOI: 10.1504/ijtlid.2008.019981
P. Dini, G. Lombardo, R. Mansell, A. Razavi, S. Moschoyiannis, P. Krause, A. Nicolai, L. R. León
{"title":"Beyond interoperability to digital ecosystems: regional innovation and socio-economic development led by SMEs","authors":"P. Dini, G. Lombardo, R. Mansell, A. Razavi, S. Moschoyiannis, P. Krause, A. Nicolai, L. R. León","doi":"10.1504/ijtlid.2008.019981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijtlid.2008.019981","url":null,"abstract":"This paper shows the early results of new research on how Digital Ecosystems can promote new modes of sustainable e-business practices, for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs), using an open architecture for content sharing and Business-to-Business (B2B) interactions in the knowledge economy, and within a framework of open standards. The current e-business practices and technologies do not always encourage openness but instead tend to promote established models of proprietary e-business development based on centralised network and service infrastructure. Governments can promote open developments by supporting opportunities for new entry through supporting and augmenting a market environment for the productive coexistence of large and small companies in the B2B e-commerce domain.","PeriodicalId":359449,"journal":{"name":"LSE Research Online Documents on Economics","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121728127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
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