{"title":"Manpower, Training, and the Battlefield Leadership of British Army Officers in the Era of the Two World Wars","authors":"G. Sheffield","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the British army officer corps in the two world wars by locating it in the context of the hierarchical, class-based society in which it was rooted. It highlights the widespread belief until 1945, wherein skill in military leadership could be equated to an individual's position in society. It also discusses the class-based nature of the army that militated against obvious solutions: commission talented and experienced other ranks on a large scale and make it easier for poorer men to join the army as officers. The chapter cites the 1907 report that led to the formation of the Officers Training Corps, which is based at universities and elite schools. It mentions General Sir Ian Hamilton, who feared for the reliability of the supply of officers from the customary “limited class” and suggested that junior noncommissioned officers could be commissioned in wartime.","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"South African Manpower and the Second World War","authors":"I. V. D. Waag","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses how the Union Defence Force (UDF) in South Africa was considered small, ill-prepared, and in a dismal state due to years of peacetime neglect. It cites the defense policy of the interwar Union governments that had been based on fighting an African opponent or defending against a Japanese attack, but not combatting the Germans or the Italians. It also recounts the mobilization plans for the UDF that required thousands of trained men for the Mobile Field Force, but the Defence Act limited the service of the Active Citizen Forces (ACF) to southern Africa. The chapter mentions that the Smuts government decided that expeditionary forces must come from an army of volunteers who would be South African in spirit, outlook, leadership, and tactics. It shows the increase in the strength of the ACF infantry regiments in 1939.","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129632742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. Legitimacy, Consent, and the Mobilization of the British and Commonwealth Armies during the Second World War","authors":"J. Fennell","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"3 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131436799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-fm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-fm","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122525540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"12. South African Manpower and the Second World War","authors":"I. V. D. Waag","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132073450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Government That Could Not Say No and Australia’s Military Effort, 1914–1918","authors":"J. Bou","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501755835.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter outlines the raising and expansion of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and some of the policy choices that accompanied the process. It describes how the government's ardent commitment to the empire and the war led to several systemic problems and divisive politics. It also examines how the AIF was created, how and when it was expanded, and how these steps combined with poor decision-making caused problems in administration, training, command, and finding enough men. The chapter refers to the mixed bag of military forces inherited from six separate Australian colonies by the new Commonwealth of Australia in March 1901. It considers the link between the 1914–1916 decisions to expand the force and the government's unsuccessful efforts in 1916 and 1917 to introduce conscription for overseas service via plebiscite.","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127428021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"7. Manpower, Training, and the Battlefield Leadership of British Army Officers in the Era of the Two World Wars","authors":"G. Sheffield","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121046425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"9. “Enemy Aliens” and the Formation of Australia’s 8th Employment Company","authors":"Paul R. Bartrop","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"14. Caring for British Commonwealth Soldiers in the Aftermath of the Second World War","authors":"M. Fitzpatrick","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"5 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114399441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"13. Manpower Mobilization and Rehabilitation in New Zealand’s Second World War","authors":"I. Mcgibbon","doi":"10.1515/9781501755866-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9781501755866-016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359366,"journal":{"name":"Manpower and the Armies of the British Empire in the Two World Wars","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129822601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}