Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical最新文献

{"title":"[Effectiveness of insecticidal formulations for the Aedes aegypti adult population control in La Habana, Cuba].","authors":"Juan A Bisset Lazcano,&nbsp;María Magdalena Rodríguez Coto,&nbsp;Maira Moya Hernández,&nbsp;Yanelys Ricardo Leyva,&nbsp;Domingo Montada Dorta,&nbsp;René Gato De Armas,&nbsp;Omayda Pérez Insueta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>the vector control remains the sole sustainable measure to prevent dengue transmission in which the key role goes to adulticides in case of high rates of infestation by the vector, outbreaks or dengue epidemics. Pyrethroids are the most used whereas organophosphorous chloripirifos has been occasionally used because of the cost.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to determine the effectiveness of insecticides in their commercial formulation that is applied today by the National Unit of Anti-Vector Control and Surveillance in Cuba for the control of Ae aegypti adults such as chlorpirifos (Terfos 48 CE) and pyrethroids, lambda-cyhalothrin (ICON 2.5 CE) and cypermethrin (Galgotrin 25 CE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>fifteen Ae. Aegypti strains from the 15 municipalities of La Habana province, collected in 2008, and the Rockefeller reference strain were used. The level of effectiveness of these products against the adult vector was determined through WHO-recommended bioassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>in situ effectiveness bioassays, Terphos 48 CE was the most effective in causing 100 % mortality of all the strains, followed by Icon 2.5 CE and Galgotrin 25 CE which reached 98 % and 100 % mortality rates respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the field tests showed that the insecticides currently in use in the Aedes aegypti eradication program are still highly effective in La Habana province. The combined use of chlorpirifos and pyrethroids are recommended to delay the evolution of resistance to this last group of insecticides.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31354763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cuban strategy for the molecular characterization of the pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1)].","authors":"Alexander Piñón Ramos,&nbsp;Belsy Acosta Herrera,&nbsp;Odalys Valdés Ramírez,&nbsp;Amely Arencibia García,&nbsp;Clara Estela Savón Valdés,&nbsp;Grehete González Muñoz,&nbsp;Suset Isabel Oropesa Fernández,&nbsp;Elías Quilarte García,&nbsp;Guelsys González Baez,&nbsp;Bárbara Hernández Espinosa,&nbsp;Angel Goyenechea Hernández,&nbsp;María Guadalupe Guzmán Tirado,&nbsp;Alina Llop Hernández,&nbsp;Vivian Kourí Cardellá","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In April 2009, there was identified a variant of the A/H1N1 influenza virus of swine origin, and shortly after the first pandemic in XXI century was declared.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a nucleotide sequencing strategy for the differential diagnosis of the seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses, and to obtain as much molecular information as possible about hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes in patients with influenza-like illnesses, in those with severe respiratory infection and in patients who died.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three sequencing strategies were designed and implemented, which also offered important information about the new virus in Cuba.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The third strategy provided the most comprehensive results such as differential diagnosis, the surveillance of the D222G/E mutation in hemagglutinin and Tamiflu-resistant H275Y viral variants. In spite of the fact that the mentioned mutations were not detected, their presence in the Cuban population can not be ignored since these strategies were not designed for this end. It is imperative to design a study to fulfill this objective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The sequencing strategies in our algorithm allowed the differential diagnosis of the seasonal and the pandemic viruses, and their molecular characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Contribution of the National Influenza Laboratory to confront the 2009 pandemic influenza in Cuba].","authors":"Belsy Acosta Herrera,&nbsp;Alexander Piñón Ramos,&nbsp;Odalys Valdés Ramírez,&nbsp;Clara Savón Valdés,&nbsp;María Guadalupe Guzmán Tirado,&nbsp;Alina Llop Hernández,&nbsp;Amely Arencibia García,&nbsp;Elias Guilarte García,&nbsp;Grehete González Muñoz,&nbsp;Guelsys González Báez,&nbsp;Suset Oropesa Fernández,&nbsp;Bárbara Hernández Espinosa,&nbsp;Angel Goyenechea Hernández,&nbsp;Vivian Kourí Cardellá,&nbsp;Luis Morier Díaz,&nbsp;María Josefa Llanes Cordero,&nbsp;Nilvia Herrada Rodríguez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute respiratory infections are considered the most important causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. These infections became more significant when associated to epidemics and pandemic events caused by influenza virus. The need for global surveillance of influenza viruses was recognized as early as 1947 and led to the establishment of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance Network (GISN). The Cuban National Influenza Centre (NIC) belongs to this network since 1975. On April 2009, the recognition of a new influenza A (H1N1) of swine origin circulating in humans was identified as the causative agent of the first pandemic in the 21st century declared by the WHO.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>to carry out surveillance of the new pandemic virus nationwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cuban National Influenza Center developed a diagnostic diagram to confirm infection with the pandemic virus in suspected cases. Different PCR assays for typing and subtyping of influenza A virus were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From April to December 2009, 6 900 clinical respiratory samples were processed by using this diagram, 980 cases were confirmed and notified to the national health authorities and to the Pan American Health Organization. Human rhinoviruses were other important etiologic agents of the frequently detected acute respiratory infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the national strategy for surveillance at lab, it was possible to effectively monitor the circulation of the influenza viruses and of other respiratory viruses in our country and to alert the national health authorities, with a view to facing up to the pandemic influenza (2009).</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31354768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Design and implementation of a molecular method for influenza A virus (H1N1) in Cuba].","authors":"Odalys Valdés Ramírez,&nbsp;Alexander Piñón Ramos,&nbsp;Belsy Acosta Herrera,&nbsp;Clara Savón Valdés,&nbsp;Grehete González Muñoz,&nbsp;Amely Arencibia García,&nbsp;Elías Guilarte García,&nbsp;Guelsys González Báez,&nbsp;Suset Oropeza Fernández,&nbsp;Bárbara Hernández Espinosa,&nbsp;Angel Goyenechea Hernández","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>From March through April of 2009, Mexico notified outbreaks of respiratory illness, due to a new influenza virus of swine origin, which spread over rapidly via human-to-human transmission. The molecular methods currently in use were not suitable because the genome composition based on gene segments of swine, avian and human origin was quite different from the influenza A virus (H1N1) circulating at that time.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Based on the published sequences, a set of specific primers for the HA gene was designed to evaluate a new RT-PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RT-PCR assay processed 3 197 clinical samples from suspected cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The novel optimized method obtained a 262 pb segment, without unspecific reactions. The new method proved to be useful in the diagnosis and subtyping of pandemic HINI influenza virus. The amplified product was verified by nucleotide sequencing, thus confirming the virus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The introduction of this new assay for the laboratory surveillance of influenza virus strengthens the diagnostic capacity of the National Reference Laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31354769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Distribution and ecological characteristics of freshwater snails of medical importance in Santiago de Cuba province].","authors":"Antonio Alejandro Vázquez Perera,&nbsp;Carelia González Coello,&nbsp;Jorge Sánchez Noda,&nbsp;Annia Alba Menéndez","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The ability of freshwater snails to serve as intermediary host of parasites responsible for some tropical diseases is well known.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>A malacological study was carried out in the Santiago de Cuba province in order to determine the distribution of freshwater snails of medical importance and their relation with the main ecosystems.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nineteen sites were sampled in the province and the abundance of each of the species was compared to the type of habitat by means of the correspondence analysis. Each site was referred from the geographical viewpoint to determine the distribution patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total amount of 12 freshwater snail species was found and the most abundant were Tarebia granifera, Physa acuta and Pyrgophorus parvulus. Rivers are the main types of ecosystems associated to these species followed by springs and ditches. Fossaria cubensis showed high density in flooded grounds whereas Biomphalaria pallida was the only planorbid species that could coexist with thiarid species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the species found in this province, the likelihood of possible outbreaks of fasciolosis as well as the introduction of schistosomiasis is considered as high.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from six plant species used in Cuban traditional medicine].","authors":"Aymé Fernández-Calienes Valdés,&nbsp;Judith Mendiola Martínez,&nbsp;Deyanira Acuña Rodríguez,&nbsp;Yamira Caballero Lorenzo,&nbsp;Ramón Scull Lizama,&nbsp;Yamilet Gutiérrez Gaitén","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria is the most important parasitic disease for global health. Lack of the structural diversity in current antimalarials demands the urgent search for new therapeutic alternatives. The plants have shown their potential to provide effective antimalarials, therefore, a large sample of Cuban medicinal plants is being studied.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate antimalarial activity of extracts from six plant species and to determine their selectivity by meassuring cytotoxicity against human cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydroalcoholic extracts from Annona glabra L., Bidens pilosa L., Cecropia peltata L., Curcuma longa L., Hura crepitans L. and Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass. were prepared. Their activity was evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and human fibroblasts MRC-5. The mean inhibitory concentration, the mean cytotoxic concentration and the selectivity index were estimated. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the most active extract was made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>H. cre-pitans extract was the only one that showed good antiplasmodial activity (mean inhibitory concentration of 5,7 microg/mL) with excellent selectivity (selectivity index of 18,8). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, flavonoids and anthocyanidins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One extract with potent antimalarial activity in vitro was obtained. This result is an incentive to continue studying this vegetal preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Operational impact of the use of insecticidal products on Aedes aegypti larvae in Havana province].","authors":"María Magdalena Rodríguez Coto,&nbsp;Juan A Bisset Lazcano,&nbsp;Maira Moya Hernández,&nbsp;Yanelys Ricardo Leyva,&nbsp;Omayda Pérez Insueta,&nbsp;Ilario Fuentes López,&nbsp;Lorenzo Caceres Carrera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In spite of the huge efforts of the Aedes aegypti eradication program in Cuba, there are still certain infestation indexes favoring the development of outbreaks or epidemics in some regions of the country. Havana province holds a leading position in this negative indicator, in which the use of insecticides plays an important role.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the impact of the use of insecticides in the development of drug resistance by this species in Havana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen Ae. aegypti strains from the fifteen municipalities of the province were used. They were all collected in 2008. The level of susceptibility to insecticides was measured by means of the WHO-recommended bioassays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty percent of the strains were susceptible to chlorpirifos; more resistance to pyrethroid cypermethrin was observed followed by lambdacyalothrin and cifluthrin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The insecticide Chlorpirifos is a good candidate to be used with pyrethroids, on a rotational scheme, to delay the development of resistance to pyrethroids in Ae. aegypti vectors in Havana province.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reactogenicity associated to the intradermally administered inactivated poliovirus vaccine with a needle-free injector].","authors":"Alina Tejeda Fuentes,&nbsp;Jorge de Armas López,&nbsp;Manuel Silva Sosa,&nbsp;Nilda Alemañy Bueno,&nbsp;Annia Carmenate García,&nbsp;Gloria García González,&nbsp;Manuel Díaz González,&nbsp;Sonia Resik Aguirre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As the goal of poliomyelitis eradication is about to be accomplished, the need for an affordable and appropriate inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) for use in developing countries has become a target for WHO.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the reactogenicity of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An experimental-type multicenter study was conducted, as part of a Phase I-II controlled clinical randomized and blinded assay, in 471 healthy infants of both sexes born in July and August 2006 in Camagüey province. The parents of the children who met the inclusion criteria gave their consent in writing. The children received three doses of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after birth. This vaccine came form the Institute of Sera in Denmark and had been approved for use in this assay by the Cuban regularoty authorities, Low 0.1 mL inactivated poliovirus vaccine dose was intradermally administered to the study group A in the anterolateral side of the left thigh using the needle-free injector called Biojector 2000. The usual 0.5 mL dose was intramuscularly administered on the same site using a pre-filled syringe. The adverse events were observed during the first hour, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the immunization, as well as 7 and 30 days afterwards. The pediatrician in charge of the health area evaluated the reactogenicity at first and then the family physician was in charge of observing the adverse events in the remaining period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 79.6% of children in group A and 75% in group B completed the research protocol. Mild local adverse reactions prevailed, mainly induration, pain and redness at the injection site.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>the Clinical trial proved the safety of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine for intramuscular administration, and also showed the safety of the intradermal route of administration and of the needle-free injector.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development, current trend, and challenges of epidemiology in Cuba].","authors":"Pedro Más Bermejo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31354770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bioecological studies of Aedes (St) aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province].","authors":"Lorenzo Diéguez Fernández,&nbsp;Sonia María Cabrera Fernández,&nbsp;Yasnaya Prada Noy,&nbsp;Eddy González Larrinaga,&nbsp;Ricardo Rodríguez de la Vega","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The control of the breeding sites of mosquitoes of medical importance is essential for the anti-vector fighting programs; however, the efforts made so far have not great enough since the confirmed dengue fever cases gradually increase.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide information on the main breeding sites of Aedes aegypti in an urban area with low vector density in Camagüey province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The urban universe was fully surveyed from January to December 2007. The collection procedure in the positive containers followed the National Vector Control program methodology. The characteristics of each container were written in a customized study form of positive blocks. The representative percentage of each positive container, as well as the proportion of larvae per container were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aedes aegypti formed colonies in 44 different containers, being the artificial reservoirs the predominant ones (97.73%). The majority were permanent, useful and unchangeable. Following the population's criteria, the combination of permanent plus useful is valid in 17 types of containers accounting for 38.36% and contributing 180 positive containers for 81.08% of the total number. The tanks placed on the ground reached 36.03% positivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high number of mosquito-positive tanks demands greater individual responsibility in improving domestic sanitation and thus, the increase of awareness in order to achieve more active community involvement in this regard. The latter together with the strengthening of transectoriality will allow having an impact on the elimination and final disposal of all the useless materials that may serve as possible breeding sites of mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35915,"journal":{"name":"Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31261852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}