Women's History Review最新文献

{"title":"Mrs Ann Errington of Sacriston: the political biography of a Durham miner's wife between the wars","authors":"J. Tomaney","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2272102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2272102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW): from its radical preamble to its contemporary intersectional approach","authors":"Lydia Candelaria González Orta","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe global women’s movement has been one of the key actors in the origins and development of current United Nations (UN) treaties for women’s human rights, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, 1979). The text of the Preamble to CEDAW, particularly, resulted from non-Western perspectives on women’s organising around the UN International Women’s Year (1975) and the UN Decade for Women (1976–1985). This article traces the longer history of CEDAW and discusses the CEDAW Committee’s subsequent work since the mid-1980s to expand and renew the Treaty by adopting the so-called General Recommendations. It argues that the CEDAW Committee in recent years developed a holistic and explicitly intersectional approach, in line with the Convention’s original but often overlooked Preamble.KEYWORDS: CEDAWUN Decade for Womenwomen’s human rightswomen’s activismintersectionality AcknowledgmentsI am very grateful to Natalia Jarska for inviting me to participate in the international workshop ‘International Women’s Year in 1975 and the UN Decade for Women. Reception, impact and legacies’, organised by the Universidad Complutense de Madrid in May 2021, which led to this article. I am also grateful to the reviewers of the manuscript, who suggested some pertinent clarifications in the use of concepts, and especially to Francisca de Haan for her valuable comments and ideas that helped improve the manuscript.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See Arvonne Fraser, ‘The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (The Women’s Convention)’, in Women, Politics and the United Nations, ed. Anne Winslow (London: Greenwood Press, 1995); Ann Taylor Allen, Anne Cova, and June Purvis, eds., ‘International Feminisms’, special issue, Women’s History Review 19, no. 4 (September 2010).2 Judith Resnik, ‘Law’s Migration: American Exceptionalism, Silent Dialogues, and Federalism’s Multiple Ports of Entry’, Yale Law Journal 115, no. 7 (2006): 1564–670; Susanne Zwingel, ‘From Intergovernmental Negotiations to (Sub)National Change. A Transnational Perspective on the Impact of CEDAW’, International Feminist Journal of Politics 7, no. 3 (2006): 400–24; Susanne Zwingel, Translating International Women’s Rights: The CEDAW Convention in Context (Palgrave Macmillan, 2016); Debra Liebowitz and Susanne Zwingel, ‘Gender Equality Oversimplified: CEDAW and the Measurement Obsession’, International Studies Review 16 (2014): 362–89; Loveday Hodson, ‘Women’s Rights and the Periphery: CEDAW’s Optional Protocol’, The European Journal of International Law 25, no. 2 (2014): 561–578; Ruth A. Stoffels, ‘The Role of the CEDAW Committee in the Implementation of Public Policies on Gender Issues: Analysis through a Study of the Protection of Girls’ Rights in Spain’, The International Journal of Human Rights 23, no. 8 (2019): 1317–6.3 See Francisca de Haan, ‘Continuing Co","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"2005 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Women’s Year and women’s activism: a comparative look at Poland and Spain","authors":"Natalia Jarska","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis paper provides a comparative study of the impact of the 1975 International Women’s Year (IWY) on women’s activism in two non-democratic European countries: Spain and Poland. Intended by the United Nations (UN) to advance women’s rights globally, the effects of IWY were significantly influenced by national contexts. In Spain, activities relating to IWY unfolded in two interconnected spheres: the official arena controlled by the authorised Francoist women’s organisation, and the unofficial, where legal and illegal activists came together to combine a feminist agenda with anti-Francoist activity. At both levels, transnational and international relations were established or further developed during IWY. In Poland, celebrations were dominated by state-approved women’s organisations to a far greater extent, although diverse initiatives did develop on the margins, providing a space for critical debate on gender equality. However, IWY neither provided a trigger for grassroots women’s activism in Poland, nor significantly secured women’s issues on the anti-regime agenda.KEYWORDS: International Women’s Yeardictatorshipwomen’s rightswomen’s activism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Jocelyn Olcott, International Women’s Year: The Greatest Consciousness-Raising Event in History (New York, NY, 2017); Judith P Zinsser, ‘From Mexico to Copenhagen to Nairobi: The United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985’, Journal of World History 13, no. 1 (2002): 139–68.2 Kristen Ghodsee, ‘Rethinking State Socialist Mass Women’s Organizations: The Committee of the Bulgarian Women’s Movement and the United Nations Decade for Women, 1975–1985(1)’, Journal of Women’s History 24, no. 4 (2012): 49–73, https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2012.0044; Raluca Maria Popa, ‘Translating Equality between Women and Men across Cold War Divides: Women Activists from Hungary and Romania and the Creation of International Women’s Year’, in Gender Politics and Everyday Life in State Socialist Eastern and Central Europe, ed. Shana Penn and Jill Massino (New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009), 59–74, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230101579_5; Jadwiga E. Pieper Mooney, ‘Forging Feminisms under Dictatorship: Women’s International Ties and National Feminist Empowerment in Chile, 1973–1990’, Women’s History Review 19, no. 4 (1 September 2010): 613–30, https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2010.502406.3 Giuliana Di Febo, Resistencia y movimiento de mujeres en España: 1936–1976, 1a. ed., Totum revolutum; 13 ([Barcelona]: ICARIA, 1979); Inés. Alberdi et al., El movimiento feminista en España en los años 70, Feminismos ; 99. (Madrid: Fundación Pablo Iglesias ; Cátedra, 2009); Oliva Blanco Corujo et al., El largo camino hacia la igualdad: feminismo en España, 1975–1995, 1a. ed. (Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer, 1995); Mary Nash et al., Feminismos en la transición, 1a. ed. ([Barcelona]: Grup de Recerca Consolidat Multiculturalisme i Gènere, Universitat de","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"2007 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1975-1985: a catalyst for Global South-oriented advocacy by Dutch feminists","authors":"Ireen Dubel","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277488","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the significance of the International Women's Year (IWY) and the United Nations (UN) Decade for Women for the development of Global South-oriented advocacy by feminists in the Netherlands. It examines how a focus on women evolved within Dutch development cooperation policy and development studies which persists to this day under the banner of ‘women’s rights, gender equality, and gender mainstreaming’. The article highlights instances of international advocacy fostered by the UN International Women’s Year Conference in 1975, the UN International Conference on Population in 1984 and the UN World Conference to Review and Appraise the Achievements of the UN Decade for Women in 1985, and how the advocacy efforts contributed to a reframing of the early Dutch policy approach of ‘women in development’.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"44 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women’s activism and state policies during International Women’s Year and the United Nations decade for women: a comparative perspective","authors":"Natalia Jarska","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2277483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2277483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"16 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professionalisation of home economists in Britain from the 1950s to the 1980s: mediating small domestic electrical appliances","authors":"Susan Bailey","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267253","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of home economists from the 1950s until the 1980s in relation to small domestic electrical appliances when home economists promoted these small electrical products and began to have a role in their development and evaluation. It is argued that education for home economists and their professional role developed during this period as they became mediators between producers and consumers. It captures the changing role of women in the electricity and appliance industry during the period up to the late 1980s, when the role of the home economist in these areas began to decline. Further and higher education syllabuses were developed and refined in response to the growth of employment opportunities, particularly for home economists in the electricity and appliance industry. This article therefore draws upon both a case study of the Polytechnic of North London home economics syllabuses and an oral history of Jenny Webb, a leading home economist in the electricity industry.KEYWORDS: Home economicselectricity industryelectrical applianceshigher educationconsumerism Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Jenny Webb and Matt Cresswell, A Jenny Job—My Life Electric (UK: Independently published, 2021).2 Eleanor Peters, ‘“On the Fringe of the Technical World”: Female Electrical Appliance Demonstrators in Interwar Scotland’, Women's History Review 31, no. 2 (2022) looked at this area and Carroll Pursell, ‘Domesticating Modernity: The Electrical Association for Women, 1924–86’, The British Journal for the History of Science 32, no. 1 (1999) covered the whole period of its existence.3 Megan J. Elias, ‘No Place Like Home: A Survey of American Home Economics History’, History Compass 9, No. 1 (2011).4 See the following for food processors, cookers and microwave ovens: Danielle Chabaud-Rychter, ‘La mise en forme des pratiques domestiques dans le travail de conception d'appareils électroménagers’, Sociétés contemporaines 17, (1994); Elizabeth B. Silva, ‘The Cook, the Cooker and the Gendering of the Kitchen’, The Sociological Review 48, no. 4 (2000); Judy Wajcman, ‘Feminist Theories of Technology’, Cambridge Journal of Economics 34, no. 1 (2010).5 Cynthia Cockburn and Susan Ormrod, Gender and Technology in the Making (London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 1993). Their work is commented on by Judy Wajcman, ‘Reflections on Gender and Technology Studies: In What State Is the Art?’, Social Studies of Science 30, no. 3 (2000).6 Cynthia Cockburn, ‘Domestic Technologies: Cinderella and the Engineers’, Women's Studies International Forum 20, no. 3 (1997).7 Cockburn, ‘Domestic Technologies: Cinderella and the Engineers’.8 Carolyn M. Goldstein, Mediating Consumption: Home Economics and American Consumers, 1900–1940 (PhD thesis, University of Delaware, 1994).9 Amy Sue Bix, ‘Equipped for Life: Gendered Technical Training and Consumerism in Home Economics, 1920–1980’, Technology and Culture 43, no. 4","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"92 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135325504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘I was utterly at my husband’s mercy’: voices from the Women’s Co-operative Guild, 1910–1914","authors":"Ruth Cohen","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267248","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article uses the Women’s Co-operative Guild’s evidence to the 1912 Royal Commission on divorce to explore working-class women’s views about, and experiences of, marriage and divorce in the early twentieth century. Unlike any other evidence presented to the Commission the Guild’s was directly based on testimony from working-class women. These had been collected in letters from members to the Guild’s General Secretary, Margaret Llewelyn Davies, who testified on its behalf to the Commission. The bulk of the letters were from wives and mothers who generally came from better off sections of the working class. They confirm Guild members’ overwhelming support for some degree of reform to current laws, along with more limited backing for Davies’ radical proposals for divorce on grounds of mutual consent. The article demonstrates that these letters provide vivid detailed testimony of the impact of domestic abuse, of wives’ financial dependence on their husbands, and of the gender inequality enshrined in contemporary divorce laws. It argues that support for reform was often combined with a Christian conviction that marriage should be a ‘sacred bond’, and highlights a common vision of marriage as a relationship of equals.KEYWORDS: Women’s Co-operative Guilddivorcemarriagereform AcknowledgementsFor comments on earlier drafts of this article many thanks to Maggie Andrews, Jan Lomas, Anna Muggeridge, Frances Pine and the two anonymous reviewers.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Minutes of Evidence, 151.2 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ‘The Claims of Mothers and Children’, in Women and the Labour Party, ed. Marion Phillips (London: Headley, 1918), 29.3 Minutes of Evidence, 149–73, evidence of Margaret Llewelyn Davies and Eleanor Barton. See also: Women’s Co-operative Guild, Working Women and Divorce, an Account of Evidence Given on Behalf of the Women’s Co-operative Guild before the Royal Commission on Divorce (London: David Nutt, 1911).4 Margaret Llewelyn Davies, ed., Life as We have Known It (London: Virago, 1977) and Maternity, Letters from Working Women (London: Virago, 1978).5 Jean Gaffin and David Thoms, Caring and Sharing, the Centenary History of the Women’s Co-operative Guild (Manchester: Co-operative Union, 1983); Gillian Scott, Feminism and the Politics of Working Women (London: UCL Press, 1998) and ‘Working Out Their Own Salvation: Women’s Autonomy and Divorce Law Reform in the Co-operative Movement, 1910-1920’, in New Views of Co-operation, ed. Stephen Yeo (London: Routledge, 1988); Barbara J. Blaszak, The Matriarchs of England’s Co-operative Movement (Westport: Greenwood, 2000).6 For the Guild and suffrage, see for example, Sandra Holton, Feminism and Democracy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 60–5; Gillian Scott, ‘The Women’s Co-operative Guild’, in Suffrage outside Suffragism: Women’s Vote in Britain, 1880—1914, ed. Myriam Boussahba-Bravard (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macm","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135268073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using women’s memories of food in intercultural households to locate female agency and evolving cultural identities in Leicester, England, 1960–1995","authors":"Sue Zeleny Bishop","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267254","url":null,"abstract":"Using the oral life-histories of women who were in long-term heterosexual intercultural romantic relationships, the article examines the food preparation and consumption practices of their intercultural households in 1960s–1990s Leicester, England. The women’s narratives expand our historical understanding of how migration to Britain since 1945 has affected domestic foodways. The women’s memories illustrate their proactive interaction with, or resistance to, the cultural traditions and practices of their male partners. They show the extent to which cultural exchange permeated life together, including through the couples’ social gatherings with families and friends. The article argues the women’s execution of their food management responsibilities variably reshaped and adapted their sense of self and the cultural identities of those they were responsible for feeding—a nuanced perspective on the origins, and success or otherwise, of Britain’s multicultural society.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135462786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘My how I have walked and worked to get those names’: Petitioning and the Women's Suffrage Movement in the United States, 1908–1920.","authors":"Timothy Verhoeven","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2270361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2270361","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the evolution of mass petitioning within the woman suffrage movement in the United States, with a focus on the decade leading up to the ratification of the 19th Amendment (1920). Its central argument is that suffrage activists skilfully and imaginatively refashioned what was a venerable form of mobilization. In their hands, the petition served a range of purposes beyond enacting legislative change. It was a fulcrum for public parades and pilgrimages that grabbed public and press attention. In the form of the initiative petition, it was a tool to put the question of woman suffrage directly before voters. When aimed at individual lawmakers, and even in the face of a deadly pandemic, petition campaigns served to swing crucial votes. Focussing on the petition helps us to rethink certain aspects of the suffrage movement. It draws our attention to the role of rank-and-file activists on the ground. Furthermore, while reinforcing the importance of racial division, it challenges the notion of a movement split into radical and conservative wings. Whatever their differences, both sides understood the value of petitioning in an era of mass democracy.","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135885240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homes, food and domesticity: rethinking the housewife in twentieth century Britain","authors":"Maggie Andrews, Janis Lomas, Anna Muggeridge","doi":"10.1080/09612025.2023.2267247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2023.2267247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":358940,"journal":{"name":"Women's History Review","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135859079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}