Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada最新文献_第4页

A catalogue of the eggs of some Canadian Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). 一些加拿大夜蛾科(鳞翅目)卵的目录。

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM116127FV

E. Salkeld

引用次数: 31

PHYSICAL BASIS FOR CANADIAN REGIONAL DIVERSITY 加拿大地区多样性的物质基础

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM111108007-1

H. Danks

引用次数: 2

DEVELOPMENT OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA FOR CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS 球孢白僵菌防治蝗虫的研制

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM129171225-1

S. Jaronski, M. Goettel

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA FOR CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS","authors":"S. Jaronski, M. Goettel","doi":"10.4039/ENTM129171225-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM129171225-1","url":null,"abstract":"Recognition of the potential of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin as a control agent of grasshoppers and locusts occurred as early as 1936, in South Africa. Field testing of B . bassiana as an inundative control agent of grasshoppers and locusts has been facilitated by development of a solid substrate method for mass-production of the fungus and has resulted in the registration of a strain against grasshoppers in the United States. In some, but not all field trials, application has resulted in substantial reductions in grasshopper populations. Numerous environmental constraints, including temperature and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, may limit field efficacy of the fungus. Laboratory studies suggest that low humidity does not limit the ability of the fungus to initiate disease. Sunlight is the major cause of mortality of conidia on leaf surfaces. The incorporation of UVB protectants in formulations can increase conidial survival; however, these have not yet been evaluated for their effects on field efficacy of B . bassiana against insects. Thermoregulation by grasshoppers has been implicated in resistance to mycosis. Results of laboratory studies indicate that grasshoppers infected with B . bassiana preferentially seek temperatures between 40 and 42 °C and these temperatures are inhibitory to disease development. In field-cage trials, a higher prevalence and more rapid development of disease were observed in grasshoppers placed in shaded cages than in grasshoppers placed in cages exposed to full sunlight. In laboratory experiments simulating grasshopper thermoregulation during daylight periods, application of both Metarhizium flavoviride Gams and Rozsypal and B . bassiana simultaneously resulted in a final prevalence of disease that was greater than M . flavoviride alone in the hot temperature environment, and equal to B . bassiana alone in the cool temperature environment. Incorporation of sublethal levels of Dimilin with conidia of B . bassiana increased efficacy of the fungus against grasshoppers in laboratory and field trials. Once environmental constraints are better quantified, it may be possible to overcome them through improved formulation, strain selection, genetic or phenotypic manipulation, and inoculum targeting. Ultimately, success of B . bassiana as a microbial control agent will depend on our ability to overcome environmental and other constraints and/or to predict its efficacy under various environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114514737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

MECHANISMS OF DEUTEROMYCETE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: AN OVERVIEW 蝗虫和蝗虫后菌真菌感染的机制综述

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM129171213-1

M. Bidochka, R. Leger, D. Roberts

{"title":"MECHANISMS OF DEUTEROMYCETE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: AN OVERVIEW","authors":"M. Bidochka, R. Leger, D. Roberts","doi":"10.4039/ENTM129171213-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM129171213-1","url":null,"abstract":"Several species of entomopathogenic deuteromycetous fungi can produce epizootics in populations of grasshoppers and locusts. Consequently there is considerable interest in development of these fungi as biocontrol agents. To this end we need information about the genetic and molecular basis of deuteromycete pathogenesis in acridids to develop a rational plan for strain improvement. Herein we present an overview of the infection processes of deuteromycetous fungi in acridids. These fungi penetrate through the cuticle which is composed primarily of proteins. Hydrophobic interactions, appressoria formation, and mucus production by the fungus are involved in fungal adhesion to the acridid cuticle. Extracellular proteases produced by Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin solubilize cuticle proteins, which assists penetration and provides nutrients for further growth. Fungal infection through the locust gut is rare because indigenous gut microflora produce antifungal metabolites. Little is known of the events providing host specificity or those that lead to insect death once the cuticle is breached by the fungus; however, mechanical damage, nutrient deprivation, and toxic metabolites may be involved.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117158439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC AMAUROBIIDAE (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA) 新北极蜘蛛科的修订(蛛形纲:蛛形纲)

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM10484FV

R. Leech

{"title":"A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC AMAUROBIIDAE (ARACHNIDA: ARANEIDA)","authors":"R. Leech","doi":"10.4039/ENTM10484FV","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM10484FV","url":null,"abstract":"A revision of the species, genera, and subfamilies of the amaurobiid spiders found in the Nearctic Region is presented. Over 10,600 specimens were examined. Eighty-seven species are recognized, four of which are allochthonous. Forty-one species are described as new: Amaurobius corruptus , A . diablo , A . distortus , A . galeritus , A . intermedius , A . minutus , A . palomar , A . pilosus , A . prosopidus , A . tamalpais , A . transversus , A . triangularis , A . tulare , A . vexans , Callioplus spenceri , C . wabritaskus , Callobius gertschi , C . guachama , C . hyonasus , C . klamath , C . manzanita , C . panther , C . paskenta , C . pauculus , C . paynei , C . rothi , C . sierra , C . tehama , Goeldia chinipensis , Pimus desiccatus , P . eldorado , P . iviei , P . napa , P . nawtawaketus , P . salemensis , Zanomys aquilonia , Z . feminina , Z . hesperia , Z . ochra , Z . sagittaria , Z . ultima . Eleven species names are newly synonymized. One new name, and seven new combinations are proposed.Eleven genera in five subfamilies are recognized: Amaurobius , Callioplus , Callobius , Pimus , and Zanomys in the Amaurobiinae; Arctobius in the Arctobiinae, NEW SUBFAMILY; Ixeuticus in the Desinae; Metaltella in the Metaltellinae; Goeldia , Titanoeca , and Tugana in the Titanoecinae. The generic name Walmus is newly synonymized with Amaurobius .Keys are provided for the subfamilies, genera, and for most of the species. Each genus and species is described and synonymies are listed. The distribution of most of the species is presented by locality records and distribution maps. A subfamily and generic phylogeny, and a short zoogeographic analysis are given. Ichneumonid and dipteran parasites and mermithid (Nematoda) worms in adult or subadult specimens are recorded for the first time for several species.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117206849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

INSECTICIDES AND THE SPRUCE BUDWORM 杀虫剂和云杉芽虫

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM9531288-1

D. R. Macdonald, F. E. Webb

引用次数: 7

AQUATIC COLEOPTERA OF PEATLANDS AND MARSHES IN CANADA 加拿大泥炭地和沼泽的水生鞘翅目动物

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM119140099-1

D. Larson

引用次数: 19

PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND DISTRIBUTIONAL ASPECTS OF CANADIAN SPRINGS 加拿大泉水的物理、化学和分布方面

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM123155007-1

R. V. Everdingen

{"title":"PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND DISTRIBUTIONAL ASPECTS OF CANADIAN SPRINGS","authors":"R. V. Everdingen","doi":"10.4039/ENTM123155007-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM123155007-1","url":null,"abstract":"Springs, or points of natural, concentrated groundwater discharge, may be located in river or lake beds, or below mean sea level along the coast, but many are found some distance from surface-water bodies. Spring water commonly represents rain or snow-melt that has entered the ground at a higher elevation a number of years earlier.Measured springwater temperatures in Canada range from very cold (−2.9 °C) to hot (82.2 °C). Thermal spring waters, with temperatures above the local mean-annual air temperature, have undergone geothermal heating during deep subsurface circulation in areas of high topographic relief. Hot springs (>37 °C) are therefore found only in mountainous areas, in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Spring locations are commonly controlled by major folding or faulting, or both, in the bedrock strata.Reported pH values in Canadian spring waters range from strongly acidic to alkaline (2.8 to >10.0). Low pH values ( −1 ) and other heavy metals (e.g. Zn up to 177 mg·L −1 ), resulting from the oxidation of metal sulfides. Measured redox potentials (Eh) range from −252 to +683 mV. Negative Eh values are found in spring waters that contain dissolved H 2 S and S 2− , produced by bacterial reduction of dissolved sulfate.Total-dissolved-solids contents of Canadian spring waters are reported to range from as little as 32 to over 75 000 mg·L −1 . Chemical composition also varies widely. Major anions include bicarbonate (up to 5960 mg·L −1 ), sulfate (up to 17 520 mg·L −1 ), and chloride (up to 44 300 mg·L −1 ). Major cations include calcium (up to 1823 mg·L −1 ), magnesium (up to 1190 mg·L −1 ), sodium (up to 27 100 mg·L −1 , and potassium (up to 1568 mg·L −1 ). The chemical composition of each spring water reflects the mineral composition of the rock types with which the water has been in contact, as well as its subsurface residence time. In simplified terms, Ca–Mg/HCO 3 waters come from carbonate rock (limestone, dolomite), Ca/SO 4 waters from gypsum or anhydrite, and Na/Cl waters from salt beds.Springwater temperature and composition can both show gradual (seasonal) and sudden (incidental) variations. In springs that show seasonal variations, maximum temperature and mineralization occur near the end of winter; minimum values commonly occur during snowmelt. Sudden variations in temperature, mineralization, and discharge rate can occur during periods of heavy rain, if cold, non-mineralized rainwater enters spring conduits. Earthquakes may cause sudden changes in discharge rates and suspended-solids contents, without affecting water temperature or chemical composition.Information on Canadian spring locations, and on their physical and chemical character, is still spotty. As detailed knowledge about springs can be useful in both ecological and water-supply studies, an effort should be made to expand and refine the existing database.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129848698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 31

A TAXONOMIC CONSPECTUS OF THE BLONDELIINI OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES (DIPTERA: TACHINIDAE) 北美洲、中美洲和西印度群岛飞蛾的分类学概况(双翅目:飞蛾科)

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM117132FV

D. Wood

引用次数: 62

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES OF XERIC GRASSLAND-ADAPTED NEARCTIC LYGAEIDAE IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA) 北美西部旱化草原新北极地区代表种lygaeidae的地理分布及生物地理特征(昆虫纲:异翅目)

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4039/ENTM125165075-1

G. Scudder

{"title":"GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES OF XERIC GRASSLAND-ADAPTED NEARCTIC LYGAEIDAE IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA (INSECTA: HETEROPTERA)","authors":"G. Scudder","doi":"10.4039/ENTM125165075-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4039/ENTM125165075-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the known distribution of eight xeric grassland-adapted species of Lygaeidae, and examines these distributions with respect to the glacial history of North America during the Pleistocene, and past and present distribution of grassland vegetation. Four of these species ( Neosuris castanea , Sisamnes claviger , Ligyrocoris latimarginatus , and Melanopleurus perplexus ) probably survived the Pleistocene in refugia south of the Late Wisconsinan ice sheet. Differences in climatic requirements may explain the variations in geographic distribution exhibited by these four insects and a methodology for testing this is discussed. The four other species ( Crophius ramosus , Kolenetrus plenus , Slaterobius insignis , and Emblethis vicarius ) may have occurred in the north prior to 1.2 mya and survived the Late Pleistocene in both the northern Beringian refugium and in southern refugia. Molecular systematics, especially use of DNA restriction site or sequence data, might provide the evidence needed to test historical biogeographic postulates based on the extant distribution of these species.","PeriodicalId":358634,"journal":{"name":"Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128687300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19