蝗虫和蝗虫后菌真菌感染的机制综述

M. Bidochka, R. Leger, D. Roberts
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引用次数: 45

摘要

几种昆虫病原后菌类真菌可在蝗虫种群中产生兽疫。因此,人们对开发这些真菌作为生物防治剂非常感兴趣。为此,我们需要了解嗜血杆菌致病机理的遗传和分子基础,以便制定合理的菌株改良计划。在这里,我们提出了一个概览的感染过程的后菌类真菌在acridids。这些真菌穿透主要由蛋白质组成的角质层。疏水相互作用、附着胞的形成和真菌粘液的产生参与了真菌粘附于尖锐角质层的过程。球孢白僵菌(Balsamo) Vuillemin)和绿僵菌(Metchnikoff) Sorokin产生的细胞外蛋白酶可溶解角质层蛋白,有助于渗透并为进一步生长提供营养。通过蝗虫肠道真菌感染是罕见的,因为本地肠道菌群产生抗真菌代谢物。对于提供宿主特异性的事件或一旦真菌破坏角质层导致昆虫死亡的事件知之甚少;然而,可能涉及机械损伤、营养剥夺和有毒代谢物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
MECHANISMS OF DEUTEROMYCETE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS: AN OVERVIEW
Several species of entomopathogenic deuteromycetous fungi can produce epizootics in populations of grasshoppers and locusts. Consequently there is considerable interest in development of these fungi as biocontrol agents. To this end we need information about the genetic and molecular basis of deuteromycete pathogenesis in acridids to develop a rational plan for strain improvement. Herein we present an overview of the infection processes of deuteromycetous fungi in acridids. These fungi penetrate through the cuticle which is composed primarily of proteins. Hydrophobic interactions, appressoria formation, and mucus production by the fungus are involved in fungal adhesion to the acridid cuticle. Extracellular proteases produced by Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin solubilize cuticle proteins, which assists penetration and provides nutrients for further growth. Fungal infection through the locust gut is rare because indigenous gut microflora produce antifungal metabolites. Little is known of the events providing host specificity or those that lead to insect death once the cuticle is breached by the fungus; however, mechanical damage, nutrient deprivation, and toxic metabolites may be involved.
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