Arboricultural Journal最新文献

{"title":"An investigation into mechanical wound parameters that may affect the extent of internal decay in wounded stems of big-leaved acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) and ear-leaved acacia (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.)","authors":"Yiu Chun Lap, D. Slater","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1798680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1798680","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mechanical injuries to trees can cause an early onset of decay and subsequent early removal of trees. This study assessed six factors that might affect the extent of internal decay in mechanically wounded stems of big-leaved acacia (Acacia mangium Willd.) and ear-leaved acacia (Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.). The extent of internal decay was determined by using a Resistograph® microdrill on 71 standing specimens of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis in Tai Po Industrial Estate, Hong Kong. The ratio of sound wood to the diameter of each stem was calculated by drilling perpendicular to each stem wound’s surface at three locations. The wound’s depth was a significant factor in predicting the extent of internal stem decay, with greater depth of wounding relating to a greater extent of internal decay, predicting approximately 30% of the variation. The factor of stem wound area was not significantly associated with the severity of the internal decay in A. auriculiformis, which, from this analysis, exhibited more decay resistance than A. magnium. It is concluded that through quantitative research into decay in standing trees a new model for the progress of wood decay could be developed by using a region-growing approach.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"7 2 1","pages":"208 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81034168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: urban forest cover, micro-climate and impacts of urban nitrogen","authors":"I. Rotherham","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1819010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1819010","url":null,"abstract":"Firstly there is a paper addressing urban forest canopy cover which is an important issue in present-day arboriculture. In this context, Hansford and Slater (2020) take urban Torbay as a case-study to consider changes in canopy cover and land-use from 2010 to 2018. The study showed how built land-uses showed static or declining canopy cover over the period but woodland and agricultural lands had slightly increased canopy cover. The situation is complicated by land-use transition and over this period for the study site the predominant change was at the peri-urban fringe and involved change from agricultural use to residential. Interestingly the gains in Torbay canopy cover resulted from the growth of existing tree cover rather than from new tree planting. This, the authors suggest, raises concerns about the future of tree cover for this district. The work concludes that in order to maintain or enhance canopy cover when new residential areas are being developed, there is a need for an overall strategy for tree protection and urban forest planning. This seems to be evidence for a common-sense approach which all such planning authorities would do well to implement. A second paper is focused on the tropical city of Curitiba in Brazil, where urban climate and human comfort become particularly important issues. Taking Curitiba as their study site, Martini, Biondi, and Batista (2020) researched issues of the thermal comfort provided by street trees in tropical cities and assessed the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The study indicated that the comfort indices assessed on streets with trees scored more highly than those without trees. The average UTCI values for streets with trees were “comfortable” (at 22.4°C), whereas those on streets without trees were “stressed due to moderate heat” (at 26.0°C). The findings emphasise the importance of Curitiba’s trees associated with the creation of a more thermally comfortable microclimate. Finally, Ow and Ng (2020) undertook research into the behaviour of foliar in two tropical tree species along urban roads and parklands in Singapore. The study suggested greater nitrogen availability at parkland when compared with trees along roads. There were potential influences of variable site histories as former land-use and land cover change perhaps accumulated organic matter in the rhizosphere primarily in humus. The authors stress the importance of nitrogen cycling in such urban systems since associated physiological changes in vegetation are critical. In particular, these may have implications for carbon sequestration, and furthermore, nitrogen retention or export from a site may impact on urban water quality. With urban areas expanding globally the importance of city trees becomes ever more significant. Additionally, with increasing recognition of the impacts of urban greenspace quality on human health and wellbeing, the urban forest is considered to be at the core Arboricultural Journal 2020, VOL. 42, NO. 3, 129","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"129 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80905823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding bird communities within a parkland-woodland continuum: the distinctiveness of wood-pasture","authors":"R. Fuller, T. Green","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1767965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1767965","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Open-grown veteran trees and wood-pasture are landscape features of high nature conservation value in Europe. Relationships are described between vegetation structure and breeding bird communities in a landscape rich in veteran oaks. Four habitat types were examined: open parkland devoid of scrub and small trees, open-canopy wood-pasture with a complex structure, closed-canopy semi-natural woodland, and closed-canopy managed woodland. Numbers of bird species, bird diversity and numbers of individual songbirds were consistently lowest in parkland. Species composition of bird communities in parkland was strikingly different to that in all other sites and the species composition of open-canopy wood-pasture was distinct from that of closed-canopy woodland. Differences in bird communities between sites were associated with differences in vegetation structure, notably the density of vegetation in the field and shrub layers. The density of veteran trees (>100 cm dbh) had little measurable effect on the characteristics of the bird communities. Open-canopy wood-pasture, with open-grown trees and complex low vegetation, including scrub, supports bird communities that complement those in closed-canopy woodland and delivers conservation benefits through its relatively high habitat heterogeneity. Rewilding, and even the spread of ash dieback, offers opportunities for creating more open-canopy grazed woodland in western Europe.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"190 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82557177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canopy cover and land-use change in Torbay from 2010 to 2018","authors":"D. Hansford, D. Slater","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1767968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1767968","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assessing urban forests and land-use by analysing tree canopy cover is a common facet of modern urban forestry. In the UK, however, there are only a very limited number of studies that have assessed canopy cover changes over time. Torbay in Devon was previously assessed for its canopy cover in 2010. Our study carried out a paired-point analysis to assess the canopy cover changes across Torbay that had occurred between 2010 and 2018. From our analysis, canopy cover in Torbay did not significantly change over this time period, whereas there was a significant increase in impervious land-cover and a significant decrease in agricultural land cover. Built land-uses exhibited static or declining canopy cover; woodland and agricultural land saw slightly increased canopy cover. The most substantial land-use transition over this period was from agricultural to residential usage at the peri-urban fringe. Canopy gains in Torbay were driven by the growth of previous tree cover rather than from new tree planting, which gives rise to concern for the future of this district. These findings highlight the need for an overall strategy of tree protection and urban forest planning to maintain or enhance canopy cover when new residential areas are being developed.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"131 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settlements’ firewood consumption estimation based on geospatial modelling: a case study of the Republic of Georgia","authors":"Levan Natsvlishvili, Vakhtang Kochoradze, M. Gigiberia, N. Jorjiashvili","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1747844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1747844","url":null,"abstract":"Many research methodologies aim to calculate forest resource and firewood consumption on the village, community, municipality, regional, and national levels. This parameter is vital for decision-ma...","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74309972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the design coordination of trees and underground utilities in new developments in the UK","authors":"D. Slater, R. Chalmers","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1755185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1755185","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The successful coordination of tree and utility layouts, particularly at the design stage of a development, would minimise conflicts and maximise benefits for both trees and utilities. This study assessed the extent to which trees and underground utilities in new developments in the UK are coordinated by design and the factors that help or hinder this coordination. Landscape architects and design teams at housing developers and utility companies in north-west England were surveyed online regarding their experiences of tree/utility design coordination and asked to suggest how coordination could be improved. Results indicated that overall responsibility for utility layout design was unclear and the timing of first coordination between trees and utilities varied widely. First coordination was often at the technical design stage or later; 92% of respondents had at some stage experienced first coordination to be during site construction. Where designed locations for trees and utilities coincide, utilities currently take precedence, commonly due to cost implications (52% of respondents). Trees may, more rarely, take precedence if, for example, they are seen as a special priority. Coordination during design was considered constrained by lack of knowledge (46% of respondents) and by fixed priorities (41% of respondents), but also by cost concerns, poor communications, technical restrictions and lack of incentives. Respondents considered that coordination could be improved by earlier and ongoing communications, improved knowledge, effective enforcement and an openness to discussion and to new methods of utility installation and tree establishment.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"197 1","pages":"42 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73931083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal comfort provided by street trees in cities","authors":"A. Martini, D. Biondi, A. Batista","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1755187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1755187","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The lack of a correct urban planning system associated with the increasing growth of population has led to several problems in the social-environmental context; amongst these are the weather changes that impair people’s quality of life. The aim of this study is to compare the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) on streets with and without trees in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. We selected three sample areas, each consisting of a stretch of street with and without trees planted. The meteorological variables were monitored with a Kestrel® pocket weather tracker and thermal stress measurer. The data were gathered between 9 am and 3 pm, with a one-minute break, repeated in the seasons of the year, starting in winter 2011. The UTCI was tested by interviews with pedestrians on the street. The results show that the indices on streets with trees were better than on those without trees. The average values of the UTCI for streets with trees are “comfortable” (22.4°C), while those on streets without trees were classified as “stress due to moderate heat” (26.0°C). The percentage of hits of the UTCI was 58.9%. These results show the importance of trees in the city of Curitiba, as they create a more thermally comfortable microclimate.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"153 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86686924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employing qualitative research interviews to understand urban forestry stakeholder continuing education needs","authors":"Richard W. Harper, Emily S. Huff, David V. Bloniarz, S. DeStefano, C. Nicolson, Michael Davidsohn","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1764823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1764823","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT To build deeper knowledge regarding urban forestry issues and familiarity with programming audiences, a multi-year needs-assessment was conducted by initiating qualitative stakeholder research interviews with professional urban foresters (i.e., tree wardens) and volunteer urban tree committee chairs. An objective of this exercise was to inform the implementation of relevant university-based continuing education (i.e., extension) opportunities, that led to the development of deliverables that included online urban forestry programming, the initiation of an urban tree committee census, and the development of a street tree selection guide. Findings indicate that qualitative stakeholder research interviews are a reliable needs assessment methodology and have widespread applicability among education professionals.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"65 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large trees establish more rapidly when transplanted bare root","authors":"G. Watson, A. Hewitt","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1765609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1765609","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Large trees have been transplanted bare root for centuries, and the method is again being used more frequently as air excavation tools have reduced the labour required. The diameter of the woody root system moved with a bare root tree can be more than twice that of a standard soil ball, representing as much as five times the amount of root system. Roots lost when the tree is dug must be replaced before a transplanted tree can be considered established in its new location. Moving such a large portion of the woody root system makes establishment more dependent on replacement of the fine roots, rather than replacing the spread of the woody root system, which can take many years for large trees. With establishment dependent primarily on fine root replacement, which can take place in the first season, growth of white spruce (Picea glauca), London plane (Platanus x acerifolia), lacebark elm (Ulmus parvifolia) and zelcova (Zelcova serrata), ranging from 13 to 28 cm average DBH, all returned to normal, or greater, in the second season after transplanting, regardless of size. Using this method requires considerable experience, and may be more costly, but it may be a viable option for some situations.","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"117 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91259640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The extent of stunting in trees growing within car parks compared with those situated in peripheral landscaped areas in the UK","authors":"J. Richards, Daniel Goulbourne, D. Slater","doi":"10.1080/03071375.2020.1755193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2020.1755193","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tree planting in towns and cities offers a range of important social, economic and environmental benefits; however, the harsh growing conditions of urban sites can substantially limit these benefits. This study investigated the effect of a car park environment upon the growth and development of trees planted within 13 sites in the UK. The size and condition of trees planted 11 to 27 years ago in restricted soil volumes surrounded by car park surfaces (n = 160) were compared to trees of the same age and species situated within the landscaped peripheries (n = 33) of 13 sites. Crown density was assessed at three sites planted with Acer platanoides L. as an additional measure of tree health. Analysis of stem diameter identified that trees in the landscaped areas exhibited 64.2% greater girth when compared to those planted in pits and 49.9% greater girth compared to those planted in strips within car park areas (excluding sites containing Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willd., which coped well within car parks). Trees in peripheral landscaping areas were on average 20% taller in height and tree condition was significantly associated with estimated soil volumes. Sampled crown density also identified that the Norway maples within three car parks had around 30% sparser crowns than trees of the same species planted in adjacent landscaping areas. This study concludes that species and substrate conditions are crucial factors influencing the growth of most tree species in a car park setting. The stunted trees arising from inadequate car park design in the last three decades in the UK provide a sanguine lesson on how not to establish the urban forest of the future","PeriodicalId":35799,"journal":{"name":"Arboricultural Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"116 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85081886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}