Monographs in Oral Science最新文献_第4页

Antibiotics against Periodontal Biofilms. 抗牙周生物膜的抗生素。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510188

Arndt Guentsch

{"title":"Antibiotics against Periodontal Biofilms.","authors":"Arndt Guentsch","doi":"10.1159/000510188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510188","url":null,"abstract":"The systemic administration of antibiotics in conjunction with mechanical biofilm disruption results in reduced numbers of subgingival periodontal pathogens and improved clinical outcomes. Penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, and nitroimidazoles were used in laboratory and clinical studies. The current literature was reviewed and studies investigating the effect of antibiotics on periodontal pathogens in biofilm models or in clinical trials were analyzed. While there is only a limited number of in vitro studies, numerous clinical studies reported microbiological outcomes. The combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole seems to provide superior antimicrobial effects when used in biofilm models or in clinical trials. In vitro studies using biofilm models showed that antibiotics alone have only limited effects on the bacterial load in biofilms but might be effective in reducing specific species. These results imply that mechanical biofilm disruption is indicated to allow antibiotics to be effective. Clinical trials also demonstrated that the combination therapy of amoxicillin and metronidazole might result in more superior microbiological effects than amoxicillin or metronidazole alone. The results of clinical studies investigating azithromycin are contrary. While it seems to be appropriate to use in chronic periodontitis (comparable to the new classification: stage 3 or 4, grade B generalized periodontitis), there was no superior effect observed in aggressive periodontitis (comparable to the new classification: stage 3 or 4, grade C generalized periodontitis). Doxycycline cannot be recommended for chronic periodontitis (stage 3 or 4, grade B) patients. Antibiotics as drugs come with side effects. Common adverse effects of antibiotics are opportunistic yeast infection and gastrointestinal complications (e.g., nausea, diarrhea, and colitis). The development of resistance suggests a role for microbiological analysis and antibiotic susceptibility testing in the selection of systemic periodontal antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Actual Concepts for Individual Interdental Biofilm Removal. 个别牙间生物膜去除的实际概念。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510202

Holger F R Jentsch

引用次数: 1

The Impact of the pH Value on Biofilm Formation. pH值对生物膜形成的影响。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510196

Lara B Schultze, Alejandra Maldonado, Adrian Lussi, Anton Sculean, Sigrun Eick

{"title":"The Impact of the pH Value on Biofilm Formation.","authors":"Lara B Schultze, Alejandra Maldonado, Adrian Lussi, Anton Sculean, Sigrun Eick","doi":"10.1159/000510196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510196","url":null,"abstract":"The pH value of a biofilm influences the pathogenesis and therapy of oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the influence of different initial pH values on the microbial composition, bacterial counts, metabolic activity, and quantity of three defined biofilms representing oral health, caries, and periodontal disease. Respective bacterial suspensions in the nutrient broth were initially adjusted to pH values between 5 and 8. Then biofilms were cultured on polystyrene surfaces coated with a proteinaceous solution for 2 h (\"healthy\" biofilm), 6 h (\"healthy,\" and \"cariogenic\" biofilms), 24 h (\"cariogenic,\" and \"periodontitis\" biofilms), and 48 h (\"periodontitis\" biofilm). In all biofilms, total bacterial counts were lower at an initial pH of 5 or 5.5 than at higher pH values. In the biofilm representing caries, the percentage of cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus acidophilus) was higher at a low pH, the metabolic activity was highest at pH 6-6.5, and biofilm mass was greatest at pH 7-7.5. In the biofilm representing periodontitis, the percentage of Porphyromonas gingivalis increased with the pH. Also, the metabolic activity was highest at pH 8, whereas mass had the highest value at pH 7. In conclusion, the initial pH value influences biofilm formation. In particular, metabolic activity and the amount of bacteria associated with disease correlated with the respective pH known to be of importance in the development of caries (relatively low pH) and periodontitis (higher pH). Modifying the pH level in oral biofilms might be an alternative concept in (primary) prevention and treatment, not only of caries but also of periodontitis.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39153472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Cariogenic Biofilms and Caries from Birth to Old Age. 从出生到老年的龋齿生物膜和龋齿。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510200

Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Eva M Kulik

{"title":"Cariogenic Biofilms and Caries from Birth to Old Age.","authors":"Monika Astasov-Frauenhoffer, Eva M Kulik","doi":"10.1159/000510200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510200","url":null,"abstract":"Caries is a complex microbial disease characterized by a multifactorial etiology. The disease is driven by cariogenic microbiota that metabolize dietary carbohydrates into acids, creating prolonged periods of low pH on the biofilm surrounding the teeth, which will result in loss of calcium from the teeth leading to carious lesions. Caries remains a major public health problem globally, ranking first for the decay of permanent teeth (2.3 billion people) and 12th for deciduous teeth (560 million children) according to the Global Burden of Disease study by the WHO in 2015. Different factors play a role in the development of the disease: (i) individual factors such as tooth morphology, saliva, and the oral microbiome, (ii) behavioral factors such as frequency and amount of fermentable carbohydrates in the host's diet and overall oral hygiene, and (iii) socioeconomic status and host genetics as well as modifying factors such as fluoride. Various models exist which explain the transition from a health-compatible oral microbiota to a cariogenic microbiota. Longitudinal studies may increase our knowledge of the oral microbial compositions in different age groups by analyzing the temporal sequence leading to carious lesions. Understanding the factors which control microbial colonization early in life as well as the keystone species that should be present or absent may provide us with strategies for the acquisition and maintenance of a health-promoting oral microbiome. Thus, the importance lies in understanding caries etiology to improve strategies for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and (operative) treatment.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

In vitro Activity of Oral Health Care Products on Candida Biofilm Formation. 口腔保健品对念珠菌生物膜形成的体外活性研究。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510194

Hiroki Katagiri, Neil-Jérôme Stuck, Itsuka Arakawa, Sandor Nietzsche, Sigrun Eick

{"title":"In vitro Activity of Oral Health Care Products on Candida Biofilm Formation.","authors":"Hiroki Katagiri, Neil-Jérôme Stuck, Itsuka Arakawa, Sandor Nietzsche, Sigrun Eick","doi":"10.1159/000510194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510194","url":null,"abstract":"The activity of mouthwash ingredients used in daily oral care (chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, povidone iodine solution, tea tree oil) and of nystatin was evaluated not only on planktonic Candida albicans or C. glabrata, but also on the inhibition of biofilm formation. A microbroth dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of the substances against two laboratory strains and seven clinical isolates. Furthermore, a potential inhibition of biofilm formation of C. albicans or C. glabrata (single-species biofilm or mixed with two oral bacteria) was assessed. The results showed an activity of all tested substances against all C. albicans and C. glabratastrains. In the biofilm assays, a concentration-dependent effect of the substances was visible. However, a low concentration of povidone iodine solution and in particular of benzalkonium chloride seemed to increase the virulence of C. albicans. Most test substances affected both bacteria and yeasts in the mixed biofilms, only nystatin predominately reduced the yeasts. In conclusion, nystatin might be the drug of choice when exclusively preventing the colonization of Candida sp. in biofilms. The alternatives, benzalkonium chloride, povidone iodine solution, and tea tree oil, should be investigated further.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"214-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Genes Influencing Behavior and Their Impact on Caries Susceptibility and Erosive Tooth Wear. 影响行为的基因及其对龋齿易感性和牙齿侵蚀磨损的影响。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520774

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 0

Biofilms on Restorative Materials. 修复材料上的生物膜。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510191

Gottfried Schmalz, Fabian Cieplik

{"title":"Biofilms on Restorative Materials.","authors":"Gottfried Schmalz, Fabian Cieplik","doi":"10.1159/000510191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510191","url":null,"abstract":"Biofilm formation depends on many factors, one of them being the surface (substrate) on which the biofilm is formed, and dental restorative materials are such substrates. Biofilms play a crucial role for caries formation and inflammation of gingival, periodontal, or mucosal tissues next to restorations. Even general health problems such as systemic infections in immunocompromised patients may result from biofilms on dental materials (e.g., on dentures). Furthermore, biofilms may change material or surface properties. Biofilms on restorative materials have been investigated by several in vitro, in situ, and in vivo methods measuring a large number of different endpoints. Basically, datasets obtained from different methodological approaches are most suitable for final assessments. While surface properties like wettability or surface free energy (SFE) influence biofilm formation to a certain extent, the most relevant surface properties are material roughness followed by surface chemistry. The pellicle, which is formed rapidly on restorations after in vivo exposure, masks or levels off the influence of surface properties like wettability or SFE on biofilm formation. The prevention of biofilm formation is mainly based on general oral hygiene regimens. Furthermore, optimal polishing of restorative materials is instrumental. Several antimicrobial substances have been incorporated into restorative materials, which act by being released or as surface repellents. However, the optimal biofilm-preventive restorative material has not been found so far. New approaches in this context should aim at: (1) better understanding the role of the biofilm matrix (extracellular polymeric substance), and (2) implementing ecology-based approaches for the modification of dysbiotic disease-associated biofilms.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"155-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39153471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Genomic Predictors of Caries Experience and Erosive Tooth Wear Affection. 龋病经历和牙齿侵蚀磨损影响的基因组预测因子。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520788

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 0

Beyond Amelogenesis Imperfecta Mutations: Hypomorphic Forms. 超越无胚发育不完全突变:半胚形态。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520764

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 0

Basis of Inheritance in Humans. 人类遗传的基础。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520765

Alexandre R Vieira

引用次数: 1