Monographs in Oral Science最新文献_第5页

Biofilms. 生物膜。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510184

Sigrun Eick

{"title":"Biofilms.","authors":"Sigrun Eick","doi":"10.1159/000510184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510184","url":null,"abstract":"In reality, most microorganisms are not free floating. They exist in biofilms, a community of many of them from the same species or from other genera and attached to surfaces.Microorganisms undergo a transition from free-floating, planktonic microorganisms to a sessile, surface-attached one. Contact with a surface induces changes in gene expression, and a strong attachment of microcolonies occurs only after a few hours. The maturation of a biofilm is associated with matrix formation. The matrix is of importance as it provides stability and protects against environmental insults, it consists of polysaccharides, water, lipids, proteins, and extracellular DNA. Biofilms can be found everywhere - in the environment, in water systems - and they play an important role in medicine and dentistry. In medicine, infections of chronic wounds, of the respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis infections, or when linked with incorporated biomaterial are mostly biofilm associated. In the oral cavity, the most prevalent oral diseases, dental caries, and periodontitis are multi-species biofilm-associated diseases. Although not acting alone, key pathogens drive the development of the microbial shift. Microorganisms metabolize sugar and create an acidic environment where aciduric bacteria (including mutans streptococci) become dominant, which leads to the demineralization of enamel and dentine. Porphyromonas gingivaliscauses biofilm dysbiosis in the development of periodontal disease. Biofilm-associated infections are extremely difficult to treat. The matrix serves as a barrier to antimicrobial agents and there are subpopulations of dormant bacteria resistant to antimicrobials requiring metabolically active cells. Approaches to treat biofilm-associated infections include the modification of the biofilm composition, inhibitors of quorum-sensing molecules, or interfering with matrix constituents.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38805257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Genes Interacting with Fluorides and Their Impact on Caries Susceptibility and Erosive Tooth Wear. 与氟化物相互作用的基因及其对龋易感性和牙齿侵蚀磨损的影响。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520773

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 0

Genes Involved in Immune Response and Their Impact on Caries Susceptibility and Erosive Tooth Wear. 参与免疫反应的基因及其对龋易感性和牙齿侵蚀磨损的影响。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520784

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 0

Heritability of Dental Caries: Twin Studies. 龋齿的遗传性:双胞胎研究。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520768

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 2

Oral Mouth Rinses against Supragingival Biofilm and Gingival Inflammation. 口腔漱口水对抗龈上生物膜和牙龈炎症。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510185

Nicole Birgit Arweiler

引用次数: 3

Arginine: A Weapon against Cariogenic Biofilm? 精氨酸:对抗龋齿生物膜的武器?

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510203

Sigrun Eick, Adrian Lussi

{"title":"Arginine: A Weapon against Cariogenic Biofilm?","authors":"Sigrun Eick, Adrian Lussi","doi":"10.1159/000510203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510203","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated dental caries is the most prevalent disease worldwide. Development of caries is associated with the intake of sugar. The microorganisms utilize the sugar and create an acidic environment, which results in mineral loss. The appropriate use of fluoride is associated with a decline of caries. Another approach in preventing caries might be the increase of pH in dental plaque. During recent years, arginine has increasingly become the focus of interest. This is based on the fact that certain streptococci possess an arginine deiminase system (ADS) which metabolizes free arginine. In vivo, the incidence of caries was inversely correlated with ADS activity in saliva and dental plaque. ADS is highly active in Streptococcus gordonii and S. sanguinis, but is absent in S. sobrinus and S. mutans. In the presence of 1.5% L-arginine, S. gordonii and S. sanguinis, but not S. mutans and S. sobrinus, synthesize the metabolite citrulline and increase the pH of the environment.In defined multispecies biofilms consisting of ADS-positive and ADS-negative streptococci, supplementation with 1.5% arginine suppressed the growth of ADS-negative by favoring ADS-positive streptococci together with an increase in the pH of the environment. Evaluating the influence of daily manual removal of the biofilm in vitro by brushing with a commercial toothpaste containing fluoride and arginine resulted in less surface microhardness even when compared with a toothpaste with fluoride only. Recent studies clinically investigated the effect of using an arginine-containing dentifrice and reported a decrease of DMFS by about 10-20%.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Biofilm Models for the Evaluation of Dental Treatment. 生物膜模型在牙科治疗评估中的应用。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000510198

Sigrun Eick

{"title":"Biofilm Models for the Evaluation of Dental Treatment.","authors":"Sigrun Eick","doi":"10.1159/000510198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000510198","url":null,"abstract":"When analyzing the activity of antimicrobial agents, it should be considered that microorganisms mainly occur in biofilms. Data obtained for planktonic bacteria cannot be transferred non-critically to biofilms. Biofilm models should consider both the relevant microorganisms and the conditions present in the environment. The selection of the model depends on the question to be answered. In dentistry, single species, multispecies, or microcosms originating from saliva or dental biofilm are used to culture biofilms. Microorganism selection depends on the focus of the study, for example caries biofilms mostly include Streptococcus mutans, an endodontic biofilm consists mostly of Enterococcus faecalis, and defined anaerobes are used in periodontal/peri-implant biofilms. In contrast to single-species biofilm models in medicine, where the lowest concentration of the antimicrobial that kills microorganisms is measured, the common analyzed variables are counts of colony-forming units or the percentage of dead bacteria determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy after applying a differentiating stain. All the models are helpful to evaluate new antimicrobial treatment options. Conclusions regarding the antimicrobial activity tendency of the therapeutics can be drawn. However, there are limitations of the model and ultimately a new therapy has to be proven in randomized controlled clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"29 ","pages":"38-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38805259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Genes Involved in Enamel Formation and Their Impact on Caries Susceptibility and Erosive Tooth Wear. 参与牙釉质形成的基因及其对龋易感性和牙齿侵蚀磨损的影响。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520770

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

引用次数: 1

Individual Susceptibility to Dental Caries: The Vipeholm Study. 个体对龋齿的易感性:Vipeholm研究。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-01-25 DOI: 10.1159/000520766

Alexandre Rezende Vieira

{"title":"Individual Susceptibility to Dental Caries: The Vipeholm Study.","authors":"Alexandre Rezende Vieira","doi":"10.1159/000520766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520766","url":null,"abstract":"The evidence for a genetic component to dental caries is in comparison much less explored in the literature than the other classically described components of the disease: microbiota and diet. Diet can be said to have been conclusively linked to the etiology of dental caries by the results of the Vipeholm study, which did not deal with any microbial aspect of the disease. What is much less emphasized is that these same results provided one of the most robust lines of evidence that exist in support of a genetic component to dental caries. The results of the study showed great variability, with some study participants showing a dramatic increase in the establishment of new carious lesions under conditions that did not affect the majority of the other subjects. Similarly, highly cariogenic conditions due to a diet rich in sugars did not cause an increase in new carious lesions in other participants. The best explanation for these variable results is the existence of individual biological factors (genetic variation) modulating the disease. This chapter also comments on the ethical controversy surrounding the study and the need for finally intervening on the effects of sugars in oral health.","PeriodicalId":35771,"journal":{"name":"Monographs in Oral Science","volume":"30 ","pages":"36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39858700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prelims. 预备考试。

Monographs in Oral Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1159/000511124

引用次数: 0