Acta Medica Croatica最新文献

{"title":"[Regulatory T cells].","authors":"I. Marinić, A. Gagro, S. Rabatić","doi":"10.1142/9789813231719_0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813231719_0008","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory T-cells are a subset of T cells that have beene extensively studied in modern immunology. They are important for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance, and have an important role in various clinical conditions such as allergy, autoimmune disorders, tumors, infections, and in transplant medicine. Basically, this population has a suppressive effect on the neighboring immune cells, thus contributing to the local modulation and control of immune response. There are two main populations of regulatory T cells - natural regulatory T cells, which form a distinct cellular lineage, develop in thymus and perform their modulatory action through direct intercellular contact, along with the secreted cytokines; and inducible regulatory T cells, which develop in the periphery after contact with the antigen that is presented on the antigen presenting cell, and their primary mode of action is through the interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-alpha) cytokines. Natural regulatory T cells are activated through T cell receptor after contact with specific antigen and inhibit proliferation of other T cells in an antigen independent manner. One of the major difficulties in the research of regulatory T cells is the lack of specific molecular markers that would identify these cells. Natural regulatory T cells constitutively express surface molecule CD25, but many other surface and intracellular molecules (HLA-DR, CD122, CD45RO, CD62, CTLA-4, GITR, PD-1, Notch, FOXP3, etc.) are being investigated for further phenotypic characterization of these cells. Because regulatory T cells have an important role in establishing peripheral tolerance, their importance is manifested in a number of clinical conditions. In the IPEX syndrome (immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked), which is caused by mutation in Foxp3 gene that influences the development and function of regulatory T cells, patients develop severe autoimmune reactions that involve autoimmune endocrine disorders (type 1 diabetes, thyroiditis), respiratory and nutritive allergy, eczema and severe infections. In different types of allergy (pollen allergy, dust mite, nutritive allergens, contact hypersensitivity, etc.) and autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes) a lower number or decreased functional capability of regulatory T cells have been described. In inflammatory conditions and infections, this cell population has an important task in restricting immune response and protecting the host from excessive damage. This ability of regulatory T cells can be used by some pathogens (Epstein Barr virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania major, etc.) and tumor cells to avoid host response and therefore contribute to the development of some pathological conditions. The knowledge gained on the phenotype and function of regulatory T cells could be useful in many medical conditions. In allergy, autoimmune diseases and ","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"60 5 1","pages":"447-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64057947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Word recognition test after general anesthesia: the influence of previous anesthesia].","authors":"I. Skok, A. Sekulić, S. Mikulandra","doi":"10.1097/00003643-200606001-00346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200606001-00346","url":null,"abstract":"Among other higher brain functions such as consciousness and learning, general anesthesia also affects memory. A number of information retrieval tests are performed to determine the effects of drugs on explicit memory. In this study, we investigated the recognition of words before and after general anesthesia in subjects having and not having received anesthesia on one or more occasions before the present one. The study included 51 patients, ASA physical status I or II, median age 50, at least high-school graduates, without head trauma, known psychiatric or memory disorder, and taking no psychoactive medication. A standardized anesthesia technique, a single surgical procedure and a defined study-test interval were used. We designed our own test as a combination of story recall test and brief word learning test, both widely used in psychological and psychiatric examination. There was no significant difference in word recognition before and after general anesthesia in either patient group. Many studies indicate that anesthesia and surgery are associated with cognitive impairment lasting for 33 months in 10%-14% of elderly patients. We hypothesized that general anesthetics can cause prolonged cognitive alterations. Study results showed that previous anesthesia in addition to the current one had no significant influence on the word recognition test.","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"66 1 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00003643-200606001-00346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61925086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Uremic polyneuropathy].","authors":"Ismail el Aklouk, V. Bašić Kes, N. Bašić-Jukić, B. Brunetta, P. Kes","doi":"10.1001/jama.1963.03700160135048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1963.03700160135048","url":null,"abstract":"Uremic polyneuropathy is probably the most common complication of chronic renal failure. About 70 percent of dialysis patients regularly have uremic polyneuropathy, in 30 percent the neuropathy is moderate or severe. Coexistence of muscle weakness and atrophy, areflexia, sensory loss and graded distribution of neurologic deficit in a patient with renal disease suggests the presence of uremic polyneuropathy. During longterm hemodialysis, the symptoms of polyneuropathy stabilize, but they improve only in relatively few patients. Complete recovery, occurring over a period of 6 to 12 months, usually follows successful renal transplantation.","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"147 2","pages":"59-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1001/jama.1963.03700160135048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50778728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Proceedings of the Acute Coronary Syndrome Symposium--Myocardial Infarct and Unstable Angina. 4 July 2003, Zagreb].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":" ","pages":"87-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40869134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Asthma in children].","authors":"A. Gagro","doi":"10.1097/00000441-192704000-00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-192704000-00038","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood characterized by chronic bronchial inflammation of variable intensity accompanied by spontaneous or drug reversible airflow obstruction. The onset of asthma, clinical presentation and response to therapy are influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. Asthma in childhood is characterized by its heterogeneity in terms of possible etiology, degree of inflammation and airway obstruction, lung function as well as the natural course of disease that may persist and continue to adulthood. Protective factors linked to early life experiences have also been delineated which may impact the development of asthma. Pathophysiological mechanisms of allergic reaction as an excessive inflammation driven by T-helper-2 (Th2) immunity, offer poor understanding of the heterogeneity of clinical disease. A recently introduced approach defines asthma as a syndrome that comprises of several subtypes or endotypes based on entirely novel pathways to disease. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent irreversible airway remodeling and consequent decrease in pulmonary function.","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"65 2 1","pages":"169-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00000441-192704000-00038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61342019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cervicogenic headache].","authors":"A. Marčić","doi":"10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05171_6.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05171_6.x","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this report is to give information on the definition, clinical characteristics and therapy of cervical headache with comprehensive guidelines for patients on daily living activities with cervical pain and headache. This information has been designed to help the patients understand of their disability and in learn how to protect themselves.","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"62 2 1","pages":"219-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1526-4610.2005.05171_6.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63127863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Acute coronary syndrome].","authors":"M. Bergovec","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199557462.003.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199557462.003.0031","url":null,"abstract":"s will be excluded as it is expected there will be sufficient full text published studies available. 11 . Context N/A 12 . Primary outcomes (critical outcomes) • All-cause mortality short term (≤30 days) • All-cause mortalityintermediate term (up to 1 year) • All-cause mortalitylong term (>1 year) • Myocardial re-infarction short term (≤30 days) • Myocardial re-infarction intermediate term (up to 1 year) • Myocardial re-infarction short term (≤30 days) • stroke short term (≤30 days) • stroke long term (>1 year) • stroke short term (≤30 days) • Complications related to bleeding short term (≤30 days), intermediate term (up to 1 year), and long term (>1 year) including haemorrhagic stroke –(access bleeding and non-access bleeding need to be differentiated)the following hierarchy of bleeding scales will be used: o BARC o Author’s definition o TIMI o GUSTO Where possible, bleeding outcomes will be categorised into: o Major bleeding (including BARC 3-5 and as reported by author) o Minor bleeding (including BARC 2, TIMI and as reported by author). – 1 year • Health-related quality of life including EQ5D and SF-36. 13 . Secondary outcomes (important outcomes) • Withdrawal of study drug due to any side effects • Probable and/or definite stent thrombosis at 1 year 14 . Data extraction (selection and coding) EndNote will be used for reference management, sifting, citations and bibliographies. Titles and/or abstracts of studies retrieved using the search strategy and those from additional sources will be screened for inclusion. The full text of potentially eligible studies will be retrieved and will be assessed for eligibility in line with the criteria outlined above. 10% of the abstracts will be reviewed by two reviewers, with any disagreements resolved by discussion or, if necessary, a third independent reviewer. Acute coronary syndromes: DRAFT FOR CONSULTATION Combination therapy © National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2020 45 An in-house developed database; EviBase, will be used for data extraction. A standardised form is followed to extract data from studies (see Developing NICE guidelines: the manual section 6.4) and for undertaking assessment of study quality. Summary evidence tables will be produced including information on: study setting; study population and participant demographics and baseline characteristics; details of the intervention and control interventions; study methodology’ recruitment and missing data rates; outcomes and times of measurement; critical appraisal ratings. A second reviewer will quality assure the extracted data. Discrepancies will be identified and resolved through discussion (with a third reviewer where necessary). 15 . Risk of bias (quality) assessment Risk of bias will be assessed using the appropriate checklist as described in Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. For Intervention reviews the following checklist will be used according to study design being assessed: • Systematic reviews: Risk of Bias in","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"58 2 1","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61658695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Primary biliary cirrhosis].","authors":"S. Cukovic-Cavka","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"57 3 1","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"51075512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyoderma gangrenosum.","authors":"T. Stipić, T. Gregurek-Novak, V. Cajkovac","doi":"10.1007/978-3-211-79280-3_952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-79280-3_952","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35756,"journal":{"name":"Acta Medica Croatica","volume":"9 4","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50999780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}