FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology最新文献

{"title":"ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SMALL-HOLDER WHEAT FARMERS AROUND HADEJIA VALLEY IRRIGATION SCHEME IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"E. Adeleke, R. Sani, M. Sani, N. Murtala, G. T. Ahungwa","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.26","url":null,"abstract":"The study analyzed economic efficiency of small-holder wheat farmers around Hadejia Valley Irrigation scheme in Jigawa, State Nigeria. Multi-stages sampling procedure was used to select 346 wheat farmers from the study area. Data were collected with the aid of questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyzed the data.  The stochastic frontier analysis results indicated that a unit increase in the use of land, fertilizer, labour and herbicide contributed to wheat output by 0.577, 0.341, 0.078 and 0.174 respectively. The predicted technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 0.76, 0.32 and 0.24 respectively. This implies that wheat farmers were not fully efficient and output could have been increased by 24% and about 68% of cost would have been saved. Furthermore, tobit regression results revealed that age of the farmers positively affected technical (0.0012, p<0.10), allocative (0.0025, p<0.05) and economic (0.0023, p<0.01) efficiencies of wheat farmers’ production in the study area. The sex of the wheat farmers was significant (0.0472, p<0.05) and positively affecting wheat farmers technical efficiency. Education of the wheat farmers significantly (p<0.10) and negatively affected their technical (-0.0021) inefficiencies, access to extension service was influencing both technical (- 0.0223, p<0.10) and economic (- 0.0789, p<0.10) inefficiencies negatively. The study concluded that wheat farmers were not fully efficient and more output (24%) could be achieved with the same level of inputs as indicated by the increasing return to scale of 1.197. The study therefore, recommended that concerted efforts should be made towards training farmers on appropriate inputs combination by extension agents to   improve  and boost wheat production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131110662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIES COMPOSITION, SIZE DISTRIBUTION, CONDITION FACTOR AND GROWTH PATTERN OF CICHLIDS FROM ZOBE RESERVOIR, DUTSIN-MA, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA.","authors":"Hauwau SALELE ABUBAKAR, Armaya'u Hamisu Bichi, Akeem Babatunde Dauda","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0902.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0902.01","url":null,"abstract":"The species composition, size distribution, condition factor and growth pattern of cichlids from Zobe reservoir Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State was investigated between August and November 2022, with a view to understanding the distribution and well-being of cichlids in the water body. One hundred (100) cichlids were sampled from two (2) major landing sites (Makera and Garhi) of the reservoir, the fish were identified and separated before being transported in an ice box to the laboratory Biology Laboratory of the Federal University Dutsin-ma. At the laboratory, the length was measured to the nearest centimeter using a ruler while a sensitive weighing scale was used to measure the weight in grams. The results showed that four species were identified; Oreochromis niloticus (40), Oreochromis aureus (21), Sarotherodon galilaeus (21) and Coptodon zilli (18). The mean total length and weight were significantly higher (P<0.05) in O. niloticus compared to other species. The least was observed in O. aureus although it was not different significantly compared with C. zilli and S. galilaeus. The condition factor (K) of >1 was obtained in all the species with O. niloticus having the highest value of 2.26 which was significantly higher than 1.48 observed in O. aureus. All the species showed negative allometric growth, however, C. Zilli and O. aureus were very close to isometric growth with b values of 2.96 and 2.85 respectively. Although negative allometric growth was observed in all the species, the K values of >1 showed that all the cichlids in the Zobe reservoir are healthy and in good biological condition","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"42 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122852383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES FOR MAPPING AND ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC VARIABLES IN GOMBE STATE, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA","authors":"M. Ikusemoran, Andrew Ezra, Y. Bello","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.25","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to apply satellite- based climatic data in geospatial environment to downscale climatic data into smaller political units and to generate and analyse thematic maps of climatic variables in Gombe State. Spatial climatic data on rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature were obtained from DivaGIS climatic data, while water vapour, solar radiation and wind speed were derived from the WorldClim climatic data. Monthly climatic records from 1981-2021 in twenty-four points evenly spread across Gombe State on rainfall, minimum/maximum temperature and relative humidity were obtained from NASA Power Project to generate the trends and seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall. Daily climatic records of rainfall were also acquired from globalweather climatic data between 1979 and 2013 and processed to derive the values of rainfall indices using Nieuwolt formula. The monthly climatic records were processed using the kriging module of ArcGIS to transform the point climatic data to spatial data. The result revealed that rainfall in Gombe State occurs mainly between May and September with the peak in August, while the trends in rainfall was decreasing at the southern and northern parts of the state but increasing at the central region. Rainfall onset occurs in the 1st or 2nd week of May in the south, but late (1st week of June) in the north. Rainfall cessation at the central and northern parts of the state occurs in the 3rd or 4th weeks of September, while the southern part experiences late cessation between the 1st and 3rd week of October. The LRS ranges from 95-111 and 160-175 days in the northern and southern parts respectively. High relative humidity was recorded between May and October with the peak in August. Spatial patterns of solar radiation and wind speed were also generated and analyzed. Awareness of the use of satellite based climatic data and geospatial techniques for downscaling climatic data were recommended in order to ease the problems of lack or inadequate climatic data for spatial mapping. Causal factors for the spatial patterns of climatic variables in Gombe state was suggested for further studies","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"21 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113935546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION, MICROBIAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF FURA TREATED WITH Aframomum danielli","authors":"K. A. Sogunle, A. Ismaila, Q. Adebayo","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0802.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0802.24","url":null,"abstract":"Spices have been reported to impart nutrients, improve shelf life and overall sensory properties of foods. The incorporation of naturally occurring materials like spices in food production has proved to be a promising alternative to the use of chemicals due to public health concern. The effects of aqueous extract of Aframomum danielli at varying level of concentration on the nutritional, microbial and sensory properties of fura were investigated and analysed using standard methods. The moisture, protein, fat, crude fibre and ash content of the fura samples ranged from 51.39-54.62%, 7.49-12.02%, 1.41-1.80%, 0.41-0.99% and 0.19-0.57% respectively. The calcium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium and phosphorus content of the fura samples ranged from 1.9-2.4 mg/100g, 0.94-1.2 mg/100g, 0.23-0.29 mg/100g, 48.25-63.2 mg/Kg, 8.25-8.86 mg/kg, 1225-1352.7 mg/kg and 16.72-18.44 mg/kg respectively. The bacteria and mould count ranged from 15-30 x 105 cfu/g and 10-20 x 105 cfu/g respectively. The bacteria count of the untreated fura increased 10-fold while the mould count tripled after 48 hours of production. There existed significant differences (P>0.05) between the untreated and treated fura samples in all the parameters examined. The treated fura samples compared favourably with untreated sample in all the sensory properties evaluated, while being more acceptable after 48 hours of production. The use of the aqueous extract of Aframomum danielli brought about a general increase in the nutritional properties of fura samples, reduced microbial load, thus improve shelf stability and general acceptability of fura analysed.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129668187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INSECTICIDAL EFFECT OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica a.juss) LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON FLEA BEETLE (Podagrica spp) ON ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) IN KEBBI STATE-NIGERIA.","authors":"U. Khadija, I. Rahma, I. Jega, A. Fakai, A. Yusuf, I. Mohammed","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.22","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates the efficacy of the neem leaf aqueous extract NLAE at different graded levels on flea beetle (Podagrica spp) infecting roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) varieties in rainy season in 2020 at Aliero and Jega, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The treatment consisted of three varieties of Roselle Green (V1), Red (V2), and deep red (V3) and three graded level of NLAE (C1-1000mg/mL, C2-500mg/mL, C3-333mg/mL) and control (C0-0mg/mL). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split plot arrangement and replicated three times. Different graded extracts were sprayed as Roselle flowering reaches 50%.  The spraying procedure was repeated at 0 day before spray (DBS), 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after spraying (DAS) with (NLAE). Data were collected on Flea count, number of fresh and dried calyx, fresh and dried leaf yields per hectare (kg/ha). The results revealed that Podagrica spp were identified as a major pest complex affecting Roselle production. Furthermore, results also revealed the efficiency of the Neem leaf aqueous at different grade levels on pest affecting Roselle, while untreated control recorded the highest number of Podagrica spp with significant difference among the treatment that eventually have great effect of the yield of Roselle.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"05 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127193362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCRUTINY OF ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE INFESTATION ON MARKETED CARROTS (Daucus carota L.) IN ABEOKUTA AND EFFECTS OF THE NEMATODE ON NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF THEIR TUBERS","authors":"J. Atungwu, R. Abdulsalam, I. Tijjani, O. Bolarinwa","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.21","url":null,"abstract":"Examination of some carrot tubers was made in two different markets in Abeokuta, to determine the occurrence and severity of the root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. damage in their tubers as well as testing the inherent phytochemicals in them. The tubers were randomly sampled once a month for three consecutive months. Twenty-five (25) tubers were selected from five sellers in each of the two markets and conveyed to the Crop Protection Laboratory, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7.2437º N, 3.3433º E). Each carrot sample was thoroughly washed with distilled water, mopped dry and scored for number of galls and fitted into an index scale for the determination of the severity of the root-knot disease. The nematodes were thereafter extracted from infested tubers to determine its population. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance and significant means were separated using the New Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. Phytochemical test was carried out on the tubers using standard procedure for the identification of the constituents. Results showed that marketed tubers were variously infested with the Meloidogyne spp. with average galls ranging from 2 to 11 in Lafenwa and Kuto, respectively. October was the most vulnerable (80%) period for the manifestation nematodes (27 - 55) per tuber damaged by the nematode for both markets. Furthermore, there were reductions in the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids contents due to the presence of the nematodes in the tubers with the likelihood of reduced nutritional value of Meloidogyne-infected carrot tubers.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123923723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECONOMICS OF SMALL-SCALE CASSAVA PROCESSING IN ADAVI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE","authors":"D. Akubo, F. Usman, U. Abubakar, M. Egbunu, J. Iyaji","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.23","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined economics of small-scale cassava processing in Adavi Local Government Area of Kogi State. Specific objectives were to: describe the socioeconomic characteristics of cassava processors, assess the profitability of small-scale cassava processing and determine factors affecting the income of cassava processors. 120 respondents were selected from the list of cassava processors from Agricultural Development Project (ADP) and Adavi Local Government. Primary data used were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed with Descriptive statistics and Linear Regression. Results showed that respondents had a mean age of 37 years, 66% of the respondents were females, 45% of the respondents were married. 38.33% of the respondents acquired secondary education.  The mean household size was 7 persons. The mean years of processing experience was 8 years. 61.67% of processors were members of cooperative societies. 72.50% of the respondents used household members as employees. Gross Margin of N 33,443.3, benefit-cost ratio of 2.72 and the operating cost ratio of 0.367 showed that cassava processing was viable and profitable. Independent variables included in the model were all statistically significant at 5% alpha level. Cassava processing in the study area is a profitable venture. Favourable pricing policies that will help to lessen the cost of processing should be put in place, this will in turn help to lessen processors’ selling prices and thus enable them withstand market competition thereby continue to be in business.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127132404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RICE FARMERS COOPERATIVE GROUP MEMBERS’ PERCEPTION ON LOAN REPAYMENT IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"O. Abdulrahman, A. R. Adebayo, I. Ogunlade, O. G. Bello, W. Oyediran, P. Olowolayemo","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.20","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the perception of cooperative rice farmers on loan repayment in Edu Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. Interview schedule was employed in obtaining information from 138 cooperative rice farmers randomly selected from twenty-three rice cooperative groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result shows that the mean age of the respondents was 41 years and household size of 7 persons, majority (70.3%) were males, married (84.1%), with average rice farming experience 25 years. Also majority (98.6%) of the respondents have high perception on loan repayment. Loans were used for buying planting materials (98.6%), paying of laborers (92.8) and managing of farm activities (91.3) among others. Preferred timing of loan repayment are fortnightly (94.9%) and weekly (65.2%). The constraints timely repayment of loan were diversion of funds to non-farm ventures ( = 2.18), late disbursement of loan ( = 2.02) high interest rate ( = 1.99), and lack of government support ( = 1.96). Correlation result shows that the age of the respondents (r=0.688, p<0.027), household size (r=0.727, p<0.021), educational level (r=0.923, p<0.014), and years of farming experience (r=0.661, p< 0.036) showed a positive significant relationship with perception of loan repayment. The study established that respondents have high perception for the loan repayment. Socio-economic variables also contributed to the loan repayment. It was recommended that rice farmers should have access to soft loan since they have high repayment, this would help to expand rice farming and boost production as well as constant capacity building training on positive perception on loan repayment","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125717547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF Trichoderma harzianum AGAINST F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ISOLATES CAUSING FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE OF TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"H. AbdulKadir, E. Ekefan, V. Gwa","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.19","url":null,"abstract":"Antagonistic effect of T. harzianum was carried out on F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. isolates of tomato variety (UC 82B) in a screen house located at the Teaching and Research Farm of Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi during 2015 cropping season to determine the ability of the antagonistic in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of tomato. The F. oxysporum isolates tested were coded as: FoAs1, FoAs2, FoAg, FoNb, FoSb, FoAm, FoAk, FoOr, FoAd and FoUAM together with an uninoculated control. The experiment was a 2 x 11 factorial laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and replicated three times. T. harzianum was introduced at three different times (Two days before, same time and two days after the inoculation of F. oxysporum). In vitro tests results revealed antagonistic effects of T. harzianum on F. oxysporum isolates. Growth inhibition was significantly higher (P≤0.05) when T. harzianum was introduced two days before inoculation of F. oxysporum.  Interaction shows that T. harzianum introduced two days before inoculation of F. oxysporum gave better inhibition of all the Fusarium isolates tested except isolates FoAd and FoAg compared with when the antagonist was introduced at the same time and when it was introduced two days after inoculation of F. oxysporum. Also, T. harzianum (P≤0.05) totally inhibited the growth of isolates FoAg, FoAs1, FoNb, FoOr and FoUAM but not those of FoAd, FoAk, FoAm, FoAs2 and FoSb. It is therefore recommended that T. harzianum be used in the management of fusarium wilt disease of tomato","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129428932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IN-VIVO ANTHELMINTIC AND TOXICITY STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS OF PROSOPIS AFRICANA AGAINST HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS IN GOATS","authors":"M. Muhammed, W. Istifanu, A. Samaila, S. Panda","doi":"10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.12b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33003/jaat.2023.0901.12b","url":null,"abstract":"In-vivo anthelmintic and toxicity study of Prosopis africana against Haemonchuscontortusin goats were evaluated for maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and therapeutic dose (TD) in this experiments. Two extracts, aqueous extract of stem bark (AESB) and aqueous extract of leaves (AELF) were obtained. Phytochemical constituents identified in the extracts include Tannins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids, Cardiac glycosides and Saponins. In maximum tolerated dose and acute toxicity study, eighteen West African Dwarf goats (aged 5-6 months old) were used. Three dose regimes of 1000 mgkg-1, 2000 mgkg-1and 3000 mgkg-1body weight for each type of extract was orally administered to three goats per dose with each dose being replicated thrice. Animals were observed for 48 hours for apparent signs of toxicity. Four weeks later they were re-examined for signs of delayed cytotoxic effects. At the same time, the goats were evaluated for egg per gram reduction. The results shows at the dose of 1000 mgkg-1, there was no mortality and no evidence of toxicity in both gross and histopathological lesions. At the dose of 2000 mgkg-1to 3000 mgkg-1, various histopathological changes were observed, and at 3000 mgkg-1 stem bark, showed highest reduction (94.2 %) in egg per gram. In this study, 1000 mgkg-1 and 3000 mgkg-1are considered as MTD and TD respectively.","PeriodicalId":357523,"journal":{"name":"FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122726297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}