Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology最新文献

{"title":"Establishing legal threshold of 18-years based on the assessment of mandibular molars using three different methods - An observational study.","authors":"Sridhar Murali, Anjana Bagewadi, Lokesh Kumar S, Jayapriya Thirupathi, Vaishali Keluskar","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13335709","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13335709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study evaluates the feasibility of employing the radiographic visibility of the root pulp and periodontal ligament in mandibular molars for age estimation, particularly focusing on the 18 years of age threshold. This study additionally investigates the potential of root canal width reduction in mandibular molars, as a reliable method for forensic age estimation in living individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the radiographic visibility of the root pulp (RPV) and the root canal width (RCW) of mandibular first, second, and third molars along with the radiographic visibility of the periodontal ligament (PLV) of mandibular third molars, in a sample of 403 individuals aged 16-25 years (220 males and 183 females). Data regarding age for different stages of RPV and PLV and various types of RCW were recorded and observed for sex-based differences. Results obtained were tabulated and descriptive statistics were applied to summarise the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals over 18 years old were classified with higher accuracy using stage 3 of the RPV scoring system in all mandibular molars (first, second, and third) compared to stage 2, which was also effective for the second and third molars. This result held regardless of sex and side examined. Additionally, root canal width (RCW) assessment demonstrated that individuals with RCW types A, B, and C were more likely to be under 18 years old in both sexes. Conversely, individuals with RCW type U on the right side for males and the left side for females exhibited a higher likelihood of being above 18 years old.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that the assessment of mandibular molars could potentially serve as an auxiliary tool in age estimation methods, particularly for approximating individuals around the 18 years of age threshold. Further investigation is warranted to explore the potential application of root canal width measurements in forensic age estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 2","pages":"2-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual dental autopsy: undertaking forensic dental identification remotely using an intra-oral video camera.","authors":"Shona McDonald, Gabriel Chong, Andrew Forgie","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13371851","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13371851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a forensic odontologist working remotely could accurately undertake forensic dental identifications using videos produced by non-dental forensic staff operating an intra-oral video camera (IOVC). The study's aims were to assess the accuracy and time taken to perform remote forensic dental identifications in this manner.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight cadavers from the Centre for Anatomy and Human Identification (CAHID), University of Dundee, UK, were examined by a forensic odontologist via a traditional dental examination. Their dental condition was recorded to serve as ante-mortem records for this study. Videos of each dentition were produced using an IOVC operated by a medical student. Post-mortem records were produced for each dentition from the videos by a remote second forensic odontologist who was not present at the traditional dental examination. The ante-mortem and post-mortem records were then compared, and identification was classified as positively established, possible or excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Established identifications were positively made in all eight cases although there were some non-critical inconsistencies between ante-mortem and post-mortem records. Before the second opinion, 85.6% of the teeth per study subject were charted consistently. After the second opinion, the percentage of consistency increased to 97.2%. Each video on average was about 4.13 minutes in duration and the average time taken to interpret and chart the post-mortem dental examination at the first attempt was 11.63 minutes. The time taken to chart from the videos was greater than is typical of a traditional dental examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study supports the feasibility of undertaking remote dental identification. This novel \"tele-dental virtopsy\" approach could be a viable alternative to a traditional post-mortem dental examination, in situations where access to forensic dental services is difficult or limited due to geographical, logistical, safety, and/or political reasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 2","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forensic Odontology related awareness, knowledge and attitude among dentist and dental students in two Egyptian Universities: A survey-based study.","authors":"Fatma N Khalifa, Amira F El-Gazzar, Walaa Samir, Fatma Mohamed Hassan","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.13335793","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.13335793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding forensic odontology (FO) among dental students and graduates at Beni-Suef University and Badr University in Cairo, Egypt.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 316 dentists and dental students in their final year of undergraduate study. An online self-administered questionnaire in English was used to obtain participants' responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Less than half of the participants (47.5%) were aware of the branch of dentistry named FO. The highest percentages of correct answers in the knowledge assessment were reported in dental age estimation questions, while the lowest percentages were in items related to the use of FO in confirming sexual abuse and using palatal rugae as a marker in forensic identification. The most common source of knowledge was the internet (52.0%). Only 11.1% of the participants received FO courses in their colleges. Studying FO as a postgraduate course was interesting to 67.4% of the participants. The knowledge score was significantly associated with the participants' gender, graduation status, and educational level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed a lack of awareness of FO as a branch of dentistry among dental students and dentists in Egypt. Increasing awareness and knowledge of FO could be achieved by integrating FO into the dental curriculum at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 2","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine sexual dimorphism in crown and root dimensions: a cone-beam computed tomographic study.","authors":"M Tajik, N Movahhedian","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11061431","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11061431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primary step in forensic odontological analysis is sex determination. The present study is one of the few studies that evaluated the accuracy of the combination of canine tooth root length and crown measurements for sex determination. The study sample comprised 196 cone-be am computed tomographic scans of individuals aged 20-80 years distributed in five age categories: 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60+ years old. Different parameters, such as width, length, and ratio measurements for the crown and root of each maxillary and mandibular canine tooth, were examined and recorded. The findings indicated that maxillary canines had greater sex dimorphism ability (87.3%) than mandibular canines (80.6%). Total tooth length and root length of maxillary canine were the most pronounced variables in the differentiation of sex groups. When the combination of the mandibular and maxillary measurements was considered, the accuracy for sex dimorphism was 85.7%. By using ratio variables, the accuracy was reduced to 68.9%. According to the findings of this study, total tooth length and root length are the most discriminant variables of canine teeth. These variables are more reliable sex indicators than crown measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning assisted 5-part tooth segmentation method for CBCT-based dental age estimation in adults.","authors":"R Merdietio Boedi, S Shepherd, F Oscandar, A J Franco, S Mânica","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11061543","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11061543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The utilization of segmentation method using volumetric data in adults dental age estimation (DAE) from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was further expanded by using current 5-Part Tooth Segmentation (SG) method. Additionally, supervised machine learning modelling -namely support vector regression (SVR) with linear and polynomial kernel, and regression tree - was tested and compared with the multiple linear regression model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>CBCT scans from 99 patients aged between 20 to 59.99 was collected. Eighty eligible teeth including maxillary canine, lateral incisor, and central incisor were used in this study. Enamel to dentine volume ratio, pulp to dentine volume ratio, lower tooth volume ratio, and sex was utilized as independent variable to predict chronological age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No multicollinearity was detected in the models. The best performing model comes from maxillary lateral incisor using SVR with polynomial kernel ( = 0.73). The lowest error rate achieved by the model was given also by maxillary lateral incisor, with 4.86 years of mean average error and 6.05 years of root means squared error. However, demands a complex approach to segment the enamel volume in the crown section and a lengthier labour time of 45 minutes per tooth.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are computed tomography images of the mandible useful in age and sex determination? A forensic science meta-analysis.","authors":"L Munhoz, S Okada, M Hisatomi, Y Yanagi, E S Arita, J Asaumi","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11058169","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11058169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This meta-analysis addresses the use of mandibular computed tomography (CT) scans for age and/or sex determination in forensic science.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six databases were searched until June 2023, using the keyword \"mandible\" combined with keywords related to \"multislice computed tomography\" (MCT) or \"cone-beam computed tomography\" (CBCT) and keywords related to \"skeletal age determination\" or \"sex determination analysis.\"</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>Among the 23 studies included, 11 used MCT and 12 used CBCT to perform forensic assessments. Age determination was the aim of a single study, sex and agedeterminations were the objective of five studies, and the other studies investigated the determination of sex only. Metaanalysis could be performed only for sex determination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandible measurements are useful in sex determination, as the bicondylar and bigonial breadth are larger in males than in females. For the mandible angle, the meta-analysis results confirm sex dimorphism in CBCT scans but not in MCT scans. For age estimation, further studies are needed to prove that the mandible hole is a reliable parameter for age estimation. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021260967.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"38-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in age and sex determination using maxillofacial radiographs: A systematic review.","authors":"S Singh, B Singha, S Kumar","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11088513","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11088513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past few years, there has been an enormous increase in the application of artificial intelligence and its adoption in multiple fields, including healthcare. Forensic medicine and forensic odontology have tremendous scope for development using AI. In cases of severe burns, complete loss of tissue, complete or partial loss of bony structure, decayed bodies, mass disaster victim identification, etc., there is a need for prompt identification of the bony remains. The mandible, is the strongest bone of the facial region, is highly resistant to undue mechanical, chemical or physical impacts and has been widely used in many studies to determine age and sexual dimorphism. Radiographic estimation of the jaw bone for age and sex is more workable since it is simple and can be applied equally to both dead and living cases to aid in the identification process. Hence, this systematic review is focused on various AI tools for age and sex determination in maxillofacial radiographs. The data was obtained through searching for the articles across various search engines, published from January 2013 to March 2023. QUADAS 2 was used for qualitative synthesis, followed by a Cochrane diagnostic test accuracy review for the risk of bias analysis of the included studies. The results of the studies are highly optimistic. The accuracy and precision obtained are comparable to those of a human examiner. These models, when designed with the right kind of data, can be of tremendous use in medico legal scenarios and disaster victim identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of orthodontics in children identification: a case report of two victims of mass disaster.","authors":"A Rontogianni, A Mitsea, K Karayianni","doi":"10.5281/zenodo.11061609","DOIUrl":"10.5281/zenodo.11061609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Human Identification based on dental evidence cannot be accomplished if antemortem dental records are unavailable or of poor quality. The involvement of the orthodontist in mass disaster victim identification processes may be crucial in relation to the amount and quality of the records which can be obtained before, during, and following the treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is the description of the contribution of the findings drawn from orthodontic records to the identification of victims of mass disasters who had received an orthodontic treatment, through the presentation of two cases. The first case involves the identification of a child victim of a plane crash and the second case involves the identification of two identical twin girls who died in a fire. In both cases, the identification was based on the findings obtained from the ante-mortem records provided by the orthodontist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The orthodontists apply customized orthodontic appliances and keep a comprehensive file of images, casts, radiographs, and other records in their practice. As a result, they can make a substantial contribution to the identification of young people or even adult victims of mass disasters in any case in which the authorities make a request.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"42 1","pages":"2-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11154094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of research on dental age estimation.","authors":"S Ponraj, K Ramar, R Sekar, A Kasi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental age estimation plays a key role in therapeutic, medicolegal, forensic, and anthropological applications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the research progress on dental age estimation using bibliometric analysis. Data were gathered from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed. Keyword co-occurrence analysis, collaboration network analysis, and descriptive analysis of bibliographic data were all completed using VOS viewer and Biblioshiny software. There has been an ongoing but gradual rise in research regarding dental age estimation, with notable increase since 2014. The country with the most publications published (205) was India. The year of 2018 (TP = 92) and 2021 (TP = 100) saw a rapid spike in publications and citations, respectively. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, which has 153 citations, was the most productive institution. Forensic Science International was the journal with the greatest number of publications (73). Author Cameriere had the maximum number of publications (30). The increase in publications associated to collaboration across numerous authors, nations, and institutes serves as evidence of the significant improvement in dental age estimation. This citation analysis allows for the identification of the most relevant and pertinent research fields while providing a view on the development of research in the field of dental age estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"41 3","pages":"26-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reverse engineering in forensic investigations: a new approach to bite mark analysis.","authors":"E Macorano, F Mele, M Calvano, M Leonardelli, S Duma, G De Gabriele, M G Guerra, L M Galantucci, F Introna, V Santoro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of bite marks provides crucial elements that contribute towards identifying the biter. In many cases, it assumes importance when bite marks are detected on the body of a victim of violence, but it could also be relevant when the bite marks are seen on food substances at the crime scene. In both circumstances, comparing the bite marks with a suspect's dentition can be decisive in confirming or excluding the culpability. In this case report, a bun (bread roll) with the sign of a bite was found at the crime scene. We report a pilot study using 3D reproduction of the bite mark on the bun and dental models of the alleged biter and the victim. A reverse engineering process was used to obtain digital 3D models of the bitten bun and the dental models by taking numerous photographs and stitching them together using a software called Metashape by Agisoft. The last step was to compare the bitemark to the two dental models, evaluating the spatial distance, the degree of overlap, and the degree of interpenetration. The results confirmed the usefulness of reverse engineering in forensic investigations showing the compatibility between the victim's teeth and the bite mark on the bun.</p>","PeriodicalId":35728,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology","volume":"41 3","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10859075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}