Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal最新文献_第2页

Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine? A pilot study 指关节背的折痕能在法医学上方便人体鉴定吗？一项初步研究

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500478

Ana Tellez-García , Juan Suárez , Leticia Rubio , Stella Martín-de-las-Heras , Ignacio Santos

{"title":"Can dorsal knuckle creases facilitate human identification in forensic medicine? A pilot study","authors":"Ana Tellez-García , Juan Suárez , Leticia Rubio , Stella Martín-de-las-Heras , Ignacio Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In many forensic investigations into cases of cyberbullying and online violence against minors, video footage can serve as crucial evidence, as it allows the identification of the perpetrator's physical features. Although the face is often concealed, other parts of the body are frequently exposed and can be revealing.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study analyzes the horizontal linear folds (HLFs) on the dorsal aspect of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of the dorsum of the hands as a unique anatomical feature for human identification with legal value in forensic medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Real and ideal scenarios were performed to obtain doubtful and doubtless images of the dorsal hands by a webcam and a high-resolution camera, respectively. The presence and number of HLF from 112 dorsal PIPJs (4 fingers, 2 hands, 14 individuals) were quantified and statistically compared by analyzing the similarity between sample groups using Sorensen-Dice coefficient and Jaccard index.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HLF resulted in a sensitivity (positive identification) of 78.57%, but a specificity (negative identification) of 26.1% (area under ROC curve = 55.3%). Visual inspection of doubtful and doubtless samples achieved a 100% match in human identification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The morphological variability and unique pattern of the HLF can be used as a simplified method to delimit human identification in forensic medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents in Colombia between 2018 and 2021: Characterization of victims, perpetrators, and contextual factors 2018年至2021年期间哥伦比亚腐蚀性化学制剂造成的非致命伤害：受害者、肇事者和背景因素的特征

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500479

Daniela María Romero-Chacón , Laura Marcela Chavez-Rodríguez , Sergio Andres León-Ariza , Daniela Pulido-Díaz

{"title":"Non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents in Colombia between 2018 and 2021: Characterization of victims, perpetrators, and contextual factors","authors":"Daniela María Romero-Chacón , Laura Marcela Chavez-Rodríguez , Sergio Andres León-Ariza , Daniela Pulido-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Attacks involving corrosive chemical agents represent an extreme form of violence, frequently linked to gender-based violence, resulting in irreversible physical injuries, psychosocial harm, and functional loss. In Colombia, the phenomenon has been underestimated due to imprecise classifications. This study aims to characterize the victims, alleged perpetrators, and contextual factors related to non-fatal injuries caused by corrosive chemical agents between 2018 and 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a retrospective observational study. A total of 800 cases recorded by the Colombian National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INML) were reviewed. After applying inclusion criteria based on the Natalia Ponce de León Law, 105 cases were classified as corrosive chemical injuries. Descriptive statistics were applied, followed by logistic regression to identify associated risk factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 72.4% of the victims were women, and 71.8% of perpetrators were men. 77% of the attacks occurred in the context of interpersonal violence, and 48.6% of the victims had a low level of education. Both female sex (OR = 2.73; p < 0.001) and single marital status (OR = 1.78; p = 0.041) showed independent and significant associations with the likelihood of experiencing such an attack. Most cases occurred in urban settings and public spaces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Corrosive chemical injuries in Colombia reflect a gender-based violence pattern, with close male aggressors and structurally vulnerable victims. There is an urgent need to improve forensic data accuracy, enhance comprehensive victim care, and implement public policies aimed at prevention, legal protection, and access to justice, especially in rural and socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Psicogeriatría en el ámbito penal: particularidades y recomendaciones 刑事领域的老年精神病学：特点和建议

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500480

Marc Peraire , Aitana Fillol , Anna Moreno-Beltrán , Mar Cabañés-Suñer , Vicenç Tort , María Sampedro-Vidal

{"title":"Psicogeriatría en el ámbito penal: particularidades y recomendaciones","authors":"Marc Peraire , Aitana Fillol , Anna Moreno-Beltrán , Mar Cabañés-Suñer , Vicenç Tort , María Sampedro-Vidal","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population aging is leading to an increase in the number of older adults interacting with the criminal justice system. These individuals present specific characteristics, as they suffer from mental disorders (affective, cognitive, substance abuse) that increase their vulnerability, explain some criminal behaviors, and determine their criminal involvement. However, no studies delve into the need to adapt the judicial process to psychogeriatrics. A narrative review is conducted to synthesize the existing evidence regarding pre-trial considerations (competency assessment), during prison stays (adapting the context to their vulnerability), and regarding security measures. Published works, in Spanish or English, up to May 2025 are examined, including 32 publications. The scientific literature analyzed concludes that older adults require a specific competency assessment before becoming involved in judicial proceedings, to rule out intellectual impairments that impair their ability to argue or defend themselves. The existence of mental disorders that may have contributed to the characteristics of the crime (which tend to be impulsive, recurrent, and sexual) should be studied, and the prison environment should be adapted in the case of a custodial sentence, considering the fragility of the inmate. Finally, post-sentence reintegration plans should be promoted, supported by community support and adapted to the particular vulnerability of the offenders due to physical and psychological comorbidities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Avances en nomenclatura para la implementación de la genómica forense 法医学基因组学实施命名法方面的进展

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500477

Mayra Elizabeth García-Aceves , José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos

{"title":"Avances en nomenclatura para la implementación de la genómica forense","authors":"Mayra Elizabeth García-Aceves , José Alonso Aguilar-Velázquez , Héctor Rangel-Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review provides an overview of the main commercial platforms and kits available for forensic genomics based on massively parallel sequencing (MPS). Different possibilities and advantages are described, such as the definition of sequence-based (SB) alleles to increase the capacity to establish complex kinship relationships, compared to length-based (LB) alleles generated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Recently, the International Society for Forensic Genetics (ISFG) made recommendations on the nomenclature of SB alleles based on the definition of a <em>minimum range</em> of sequence for the most commonly used STRs in forensic genetics. This makes it possible to unify results across kits, software, and laboratories to compare STR profiles and develop population databases. The three essential bioinformatics resources for these purposes are described: (1) FSSG (Forensic Sequence STRucture Guide); (2) STRiDER (STR for the identity of the ENFSI reference database); and (3) STRSeq (STR sequencing project). In addition, for the automatic and consistent application of this nomenclature, the ISFG suggests the software FDSTools and STRNaming for allelic designation based on the STR structure (e.g., D13S317 CE11_TATC[12]AATC[1]ATCT[3]). However, for routine forensic casework, it would be more useful to use short, human-readable sequence codes that facilitate interlaboratory comparisons. In this regard, the ISFG describes the SID (Sequence Identifier) platform, which uses an algorithm to generate automatically STR sequence codes (e.g., D13S317_11_IUSW). Although more work remains to be done, this is a major step towards the global implementation of forensic genomics, and understanding it is essential for future progress. This review aims to contribute to this goal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 500477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La especialidad de Medicina Legal y Forense desde la Unidad Docente de Zaragoza: organización interna y particularidades 萨拉戈萨教育单位的法医学和法医学专业：内部组织和特点

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500435

Elena Giraldo Pedraza, Laura Arricibita Aspurz, José David Blázquez Alcázar, Salvador Baena Pinilla

引用次数: 0

Caracterización forense de las lesiones causadas por armas menos letales en Colombia (2017–2021) 2017 - 2021年哥伦比亚较不致命武器造成伤害的法医特征

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500455

Juan Camilo Castrillón Parada, Daniela Jurado Portilla, César Andrés Cortés Castro, Fideligno Pardo Sierra

{"title":"Caracterización forense de las lesiones causadas por armas menos letales en Colombia (2017–2021)","authors":"Juan Camilo Castrillón Parada, Daniela Jurado Portilla, César Andrés Cortés Castro, Fideligno Pardo Sierra","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Less than lethal weapons (LLW) are devices used to produce pain or inability with less risk of death. This study focuses on lesions caused by less than lethal weapons in Colombia between 2017 and 2021, by using data from Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF).</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out based on the review of clinical records and medical-legal autopsies of the INMLCF.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Were found 4,900 cases, revealing that the majority of victims were young men, mainly affected by police batons and kinetic impact projectiles. The most common injuries were ecchymosis and wounds on the extremities and face, and five deaths related to the use of less lethal weapons were documented.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The findings highlight the need for greater regulation and training in the use of LLW due to its potential to cause serious and fatal injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Concordancia interobservador en la interpretación de pruebas radiológicas para la estimación de la edad en menores migrantes sin referentes familiares 对没有亲属关系的移徙未成年人的年龄估计的放射检验的解释各观察员之间的一致意见

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500456

Fernando Rodes Lloret , Gloria Isabel Pérez Campello , Pedro Galiana Vila , Andrea Alegre Requena , Mar Pastor Bravo , Elisa Gavilán Turiño

{"title":"Concordancia interobservador en la interpretación de pruebas radiológicas para la estimación de la edad en menores migrantes sin referentes familiares","authors":"Fernando Rodes Lloret , Gloria Isabel Pérez Campello , Pedro Galiana Vila , Andrea Alegre Requena , Mar Pastor Bravo , Elisa Gavilán Turiño","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aims to study the degree of interobserver agreement in the interpretation of radiological tests used for forensic age estimation in migrant minors without family references between the radiologist and the forensic doctor and between the two forensic doctors who evaluated each case.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This is a prospective study of the 69 cases studied at the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Alicante during 2023 and 2024. Each observer assessed and assigned a stage, following the Greulich and Pyle atlas for hand and wrist radiographs, the Demirjian stages for panoramic radiographs, and the Schmeling and Kellinghaus classifications for computed tomography scans of the proximal clavicle.</div><div>The IBM SPSS Statistics 28.0 statistical package was used; obtaining both the percentage of observed agreement and the Kappa index, which corrects for chance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The degree of agreement between the two forensic physicians was very good for the hand and wrist radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.931), very good for the panoramic radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.828), and substantial for the computed tomography (<em>k</em> = 0.671). However, the degree of agreement between the radiologist and the forensic physician was lower for all three tests: substantial for the hand and wrist radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.748), moderate for the panoramic radiograph (<em>k</em> = 0.434), and modest for the computed tomography (<em>k</em> = 0.285).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results highlight the importance of training and instruction in the forensic medical evaluation of these radiological tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La violencia sexual ejercida en grupo en España. Caracterización de un fenómeno complejo 西班牙发生的群体性暴力。复杂现象的特征

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500461

Juan José López-Ossorio , Jorge Santos-Hermoso , Alicia Sánchez Camañ

引用次数: 0

Mielolipoma suprarrenal infartado: hallazgo en un paciente pluripatológico 梗死性肾上腺髓质瘤：多发性病理患者的发现

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500462

Fernando Martín Cazorla , Mónica Tirado Pascual , Sergio Antonio Ranea Jimena , Mónica López García

引用次数: 0

Violencia hacia las personas con discapacidad: perfil en la región noroccidental de Colombia, 2021–2023 针对残疾人的暴力行为：2021 - 2023年哥伦比亚西北地区概况

Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.reml.2025.500476

Maritza García-Toro , Carlos Andrés Vargas-Alzate

{"title":"Violencia hacia las personas con discapacidad: perfil en la región noroccidental de Colombia, 2021–2023","authors":"Maritza García-Toro , Carlos Andrés Vargas-Alzate","doi":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.reml.2025.500476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the profile of people with disabilities who have experienced some form of violence in the northwestern region of Colombia between 2021 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study based on records from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF). All reports of violence against people with disabilities in the departments of Antioquia, Córdoba, and Chocó from 2021 to 2023 were included. Sociodemographic, temporal, spatial, and event-specific variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests in SPSS software.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 503 cases of violence against people with disabilities were identified, with a regional incidence of 1.9 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Women were affected in 56.7% of cases. Women with mental, multiple, and hearing disabilities were the most impacted, while among men, violence was more prevalent in those with visual and physical disabilities. The home was the most common setting for the incidents, and the primary suspected aggressor was a family member.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study highlights the vulnerability factors of people with disabilities to various forms of violence and underscores the need for differentiated public policies that address the specificities of this phenomenon. Violence in this group is not only mediated by gender but also by the type of disability and social structure. Greater awareness, preventive strategies, and a comprehensive approach are required to ensure protection and access to justice for these individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35705,"journal":{"name":"Revista Espanola de Medicina Legal","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 500476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0