Journal of Nursing最新文献

{"title":"[Taiwan's Nursing Workforce and Policy Readiness].","authors":"Shwu-Feng Tsay","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ubiquitous and enduring, nursing values transcend settings, systems, and time. In this article, the key challenges facing Taiwan's nursing workforce are analyzed through the lenses of workforce data, stakeholder dialogues, and policy. The four major policy directions outlined include: the implementation of a three-shift nurse-patient ratio system, promotion of flexible and autonomous nursing practice, development of nurse-friendly model hospitals, and expansion of advanced nursing roles. The goal of these include: revisiting workforce challenges through evidence, establishing a sustained policy dialogue platform, and achieving more-effective strategic action. With robust and thoughtful policy support, nurses may not only fall in love with their profession and choose to remain but also find fulfillment, as encapsulated in the phrase \"Proud to be a Nurse.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development and Clinical Applicability of an Educational Guidebook for Managing Diabetes With Cognitive Impairment].","authors":"Wan-Ching Shen, Shao-Hua Chan, Jing-Jy Wang","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A correlation between diabetes and cognitive impairment is supported in the literature. People with both diabetes and cognitive impairment have on average lower medical adherence, self-care abilities, and decision-making capacity than their peers with diabetes only, often leading to poor glycemic control and complications. Enhanced professional support and resource integration are needed to improve care quality and reduce the burden of family caregivers.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of this study is to develop an educational guidebook for diabetes educators designed to improve the management of diabetes in patients with cognitive impairment and then establish expert validity and evaluate its clinical applicability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The educational guidebook was developed based on a literature review and the findings of prior research. Expert validity was established using a modified Delphi method, and diabetes educators were invited to implement the guidebook in diabetes education to evaluate its applicability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The educational guidebook developed in this study covers an introduction to diabetes and cognitive impairment, recommendations for diabetes educators, care challenges and recommended strategies, and family support. The expert content validity score was 1.0, and 78.6% of the diabetes educators in the applicability assessment rated the content as important and clear. Furthermore, the qualitative data confirmed the guidebook as a practical and effective tool in diabetes education.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed guidebook demonstrated excellent expert validity and clinical applicability, reflecting a high level of endorsement from diabetes educators. It is well suited to addressing the challenges faced in diabetes care by patients with cognitive impairment. The guidebook should be integrated into continuing education for diabetes educators and tailored to meet the specific needs of different institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"47-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Young-Onset and Late-Onset Dementia Cases: A Comparison of Family Care Needs and Primary Caregiver Burden].","authors":"Chun-Ming Chu, Chien-Ning Tseng, Ta-Fu Chen, Meei-Fang Lou","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young-onset dementia, defined as dementia diagnosed before the age of 65, is characterized by diverse symptoms and a high likelihood of misdiagnosis. Individuals diagnosed with young-onset dementia often face challenges such as early retirement and financial strain, leading to a significant burden for primary caregivers. Although previous studies have documented differences in caregiver burden and family care needs between patients with young-onset and late-onset dementia, few have analyzed both groups concurrently. Similar the state of international research, few studies have examined these aspects concurrently in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to compare the family care needs and caregiver burdens associated with patients with young-onset and late-onset dementia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling. The participants were categorized into young-onset (less than 65 years old) and late-onset (65 years old or older) caregiver groups. Study data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that included a primary caregiver and patient characteristics datasheet, the Zarit Burden Interview measure, and the Assessment Tool for Family Care Needs of Dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and five primary caregivers of dementia patients were enrolled as participants. Total care needs, the five care-need subscales (i.e., language and communication, activities of daily living, behavioral and psychological symptoms, care stress, and obtaining resources), and caregiver burden levels were found to be significantly higher in the young-onset group than the late-onset group. Further analysis revealed significantly positive correlations between both behavioral and psychological symptoms and caregiver burden in the young-onset dementia group. Conversely, in the late-onset dementia group, caregiver burden was found to be significantly associated with language, communication, and activities of daily living. Furthermore, age in young-onset dementia patients was found to correlate significantly and negatively with caregiver burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions / implications for practice: </strong>Significant differences in family care needs and primary caregiver burden were found between the young-onset and late-onset dementia groups, with the former associated with greater caregiving needs and burdens. Long-term care services should be extended to patients with dementia who do not have an officially recognized disability certificate and below the age of 50. These services should be tailored to meet individual needs, equip caregivers with essential caregiving skills, and provide targeted support.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"34-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Self-Scheduling: A Win-Win for Nurses and Organizations].","authors":"Shuo-Jen Chang, Yea-Wen Lee, Wen-Ju Chou","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the authors explore the benefits of implementing the 'nurse self-scheduling' system, highlighting the positive impact of this system on both nursing staff and healthcare organizations. Under the traditional three-shift system, nurses work long hours and endure physical and mental stressors, contributing to high turnover rates. The inherent flexibility of self-scheduling has been shown to enhance work-life balance, thereby improving job satisfaction and retention rates. However, challenges remain, including ingrained traditional workplace norms, inadequacies in legacy technical systems, and concerns about scheduling fairness. Some hospitals in Taiwan have introduced digital tools such as Google Forms and Teams to enhance scheduling efficiency and transparency. Notably, the phased approach implemented at Changhua Christian Hospital emphasizes team communication and has successfully established new workplace norms supportive of self-scheduling practices. Although technological advancements, especially in the realm of artificial intelligence, offer new potential for intelligent scheduling, sustainable implementation of self-scheduling systems will require organizational cultural shifts and managerial support. In conclusion, nurse self-scheduling represents a key strategy for creating friendly workplaces, enhancing care quality, and achieving a win-win for nurses and organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"12-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A Historical Account of Medical Union Efforts to Mandate Shift-Based Nurse-to-Patient Ratios in Taiwan].","authors":"Chung-Chieh Tsai, Jo-Hsiang Kao, Yun-Sheng Lo","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving optimal nurse-to-patient ratios, widely recognized as critical to improving care quality, has been a key stated goal of national healthcare policy in Taiwan since 2014. Although the \"daily average nurse-to-patient ratio\" was codified into law in 2019, this regulation only defined the maximum number of patients per nurse based on an average across all three shifts, hospital-wide, and over a one-month period. This averaging approach dilutes and distorts the actual workload of nurses and fails to adequately protect them from overwork. In response, nursing associations have for years called for the implementation of \"three-shift nurse-to-patient ratios\" that set specific workload caps for day, evening, and night shifts, respectively. In 2024, following the strain of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent wave of post-pandemic nurse resignations, the government announced a new policy addressing three-shift ratios. Nevertheless, the policy maintains the averaging method and, while providing incentives to institutions that achieve targeted levels, does not impose penalties on those that exceed threshold numbers. Thus, this new policy does not resolve the fundamental issues behind the nurse overwork problem in Taiwan. This article was written to delineate the efforts made by labor unions and nursing organizations to enshrine three-shift nurse-to-patient ratios into law. In addition, the use by unions of tools such as surveys, lobbying, and protest actions across the different phases of advocacy to pressure the government, push policy forward, and improve the working conditions for nurses is analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploring the Factors Related to Home Care Nurse Knowledge of, Attitudes Toward, and Care Competence for Foot Care in the Elderly].","authors":"Pei-Lun Hsieh, Yu-Fang Lu, Yu-Rung Wang, Ching-Min Chen","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cases of chronic disease and disability and the demand for long-term care have risen in step with the steady global increase in aging populations. Foot health is critical to quality of life and mobility in older adults, and proper foot care can reduce the risks of falls and disabilities while preventing foot-issue-related health deterioration. Thus, foot care has become an integral part of long-term care services in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to explore the current status of older-adult foot care in Taiwan and factors influencing the competency of home care nurses in implementing this care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study targeted nurses working at nationally licensed home care institutions. The self-developed structured questionnaire used in this study covered five sections: demographics, foot care knowledge, attitudes, practices, and competencies. After testing for validity and reliability, 250 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, with 183 valid responses collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of participants was 43.1 years. Regarding foot care, 51.4% of the participants had not attended any continuing education on foot care, while those who had reported an average training duration of 4.7 hours. Overall foot care competency scores were highest in the areas of professional ethics, collaboration, and quality management with evidence-based application. Positive correlations were observed between foot care attitudes, practical experience, and training hours. Stepwise regression analysis revealed attitudes, practices, and continuing education as the main predictors of foot care competency, with an explanatory power of 63%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Attitudes, practical experience, and continuing education are key factors influencing foot care competency in home care nurses. Nursing education curricula should incorporate foot care to systematically enhance student foot health assessment skills, care measures, and professional expertise. Moreover, ongoing in-service education and training should be promoted to strengthen the practical capabilities of home care nurses, addressing the growing demand for long-term care in aging societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Predictors of Adverse Events Following Physical Restraint in Internal Medicine Ward Patients: An Exploratory Study].","authors":"Hui-Ting Lin, Gong-Hong Lin","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Physical restraint, commonly used in medical wards to prevent self-extubation and agitation, sometimes fails to achieve one or both of these objectives. Thus, the factors contributing to the occurrence of self-extubation and agitation under restraint require further exploration.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was developed to identify the predictors of two types of adverse events (unplanned device removal and agitation) among hospitalized patients under physical restraint in medical wards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 100 patients aged ≥ 20 years who had been physically restrained in a regional teaching hospital in Taipei between January 2022 and February 2023. Poisson regression was used to examine predictors across the four domains of demographic, emotional, social, and medical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The significant predictors of extubation during physical restraint identified in the analysis included having a foreign caregiver (B = 0.81, p = .01), emotional instability (B = 1.36, p = .02), a history of extubations during restraint (B = 0.61, p = .02), and a history of agitation episodes before restraint (B = 1.13, p = .04). Predictors of agitation during restraint included use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (B = 1.27, p < .01), medication use during agitation (B = 0.75, p < .01), restraint for treatment purposes (B = 0.63, p = .04), and a history of extubations (B = 0.55, p = .02) or agitation (B = 1.44, p = .02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on these findings, recommendations for reducing adverse events following physical restraint include prioritizing family caregivers, receiving routine emotional assessments, monitoring medications, and enhancing communication and non-pharmacological strategies prior to restraint.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Improving Completion Rate of Pre-Dialysis Arteriovenous Access in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease].","authors":"Yi-Ting Yang, Mei-Ling Kuo, Hui-Wen Ko, Mei-Chan Wu","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & problems: </strong>In patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), not establishing arteriovenous access prior to the commencement of dialysis necessitates the use of temporary vascular access, which negatively impacts quality of life and survival. Statistics for the period June 2021 to May 2022 showed the rate of completion of arteriovenous (AV) access in patients with ESRD in our hospital to be only 20.4%. The identified reasons for this low rate were: (1) only 49.3% of patients / family members had correct knowledge regarding the establishment of AV access; (2) relevant education methods varied among case managers; (3) patient decisions were not queried after implementing shared decision-making; (4) no structured communication platform was available to patients after expressing their preferred dialysis modality, leading to inconsistencies in receiving relevant education and establishing AV access.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this project was to raise the pre-dialysis AV access completion rate in patients with ESRD to 40.1%.</p><p><strong>Resolution: </strong>(1) Add auxiliary educational tools; (2) optimize education materials and processes; and (3) strengthen the shared-decision making tracking mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The completion rate of pre-dialysis AV access increased from 20.4% to 41.2% in the target patient group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conclusion: In addition to meeting the main objective, additional benefits of the project included reduced average hospitalization duration and lower consumption of medical consumables per patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reshaping the Value of Nursing: Toward a Sustainable Future].","authors":"Hao-Yuan Chang","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under population aging and rising healthcare demand pressures, the nursing workforce has become even more critical to healthcare system stability. However, Taiwan is currently facing a \"dual crisis\". Nearly 40% of newly licensed nurses do not enter clinical practice, creating a substantial annual workforce gap, while current staff continue to exit the profession at a high rate due to overwork and poor work-life balance. This vicious cycle poses an existential threat to the foundations of healthcare. It is worth noting that this problem is not unique to Taiwan. Similar challenges have been widely observed worldwide in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, where many nurses left their positions due to burnout (Buchan & Catton, 2023). Fortunately, the government and nursing organizations have been actively advancing targeted reforms. Related initiatives, ranging from legislative advocacy for shift-based nurse-to-patient ratios to the implementation of self-scheduling, target greater nursing workforce flexibility, improved work-life balance, and enhanced retention. Taiwan's experience with such initiatives show the beneficial effects of phased implementation, team communication, and digital tools on efficiency and transparency. However, challenges remain, including traditional workplace culture, fairness concerns, and technological gaps. Although intelligent scheduling shows potential, it will require cultural transformation and managerial support to succeed. On a deeper level, the nursing dilemma is not merely a matter of workforce numbers, but also a structural challenge associated with professional undervaluation. The longstanding undervaluation of nursing labor has eroded professional worth and dignity. This concern resonates with the American Nurses Association's (2024) \"Economic Value of Nursing\". Enhancing sense of \"psychological ownership\" in nurses can effectively reduce turnover intention. This includes strengthening self-efficacy, professional identity, and sense of belonging in nurses to assure them that they \"have a place\" (Chang et al., 2022). While short-term incentives remain necessary, they are insufficient to attract new entrants. Thus, systemic reforms that affirm the value of nursing are essential to ensuring the visible dignity and long-term worth of the profession. We firmly believe the sustainable development of nursing depends not only on government policy and hospital reform but also on renewed societal recognition of the value of nurses and the nursing profession. Only by establishing and maintaining clear career pathways, fair compensation systems, and supportive working environments can new talent be attracted and the current workforce retained. This is both the aspiration of the nursing profession and a vital investment in safeguarding the health and well-being of the people of Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Reducing the Incidence of Nasal Injury in Premature Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit].","authors":"Yu-Ting Huang, Shi-Fang Tseng, Yi-Mei Hsiao, Ming-Ying Lee, Li-Chen Chen","doi":"10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6224/JN.202510_72(5).11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & problems: </strong>Due to immature lung development, premature infants require long-term ventilator support and sputum suction to maintain stable vital signs. However, as the stratum corneum in premature infants has yet to fully develop, using nasal respirators and suction introduces risks including compression and pulling of the nasal prongs of the respirator tube; improper suction frequency, pressure, and depth; and poor suction efficacy Moreover, lack of oxygen and restlessness may result in nasal injury, which was found in 27.9% of premature infants in our hospital.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this project was to improve the knowledge of nurses regarding nasal injury prevention in premature infants and thus reduce the incidence of these injuries in the neonatal ward.</p><p><strong>Resolutions: </strong>A guidance manual for premature infant care and a sputum suctioning and sputum suctioning flowchart reminder card were developed and provided to nurses as references during the care process. Also, a ventilator tube fixing support tools were installed to prevent ventilator tubes from slipping and pulling on the nose of premature infants. In addition, educational training on nasal care for premature infants was organized and a specialist assessment mechanism was established to improve nursing staff capabilities and quality of care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The accuracy rate for knowledge on preventing nasal injury in premature infants among nurses increased to 95.3%, and the incidence of nasal injury in premature infants decreased from 27.9% to 18.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This project was effective in improving clinical operations, completing standard operating procedures, enhancing nursing staff care capabilities, and improving the quality of care provided to premature infants, ensuring premature infants receive more complete and safer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":35672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nursing","volume":"72 5","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}