Ishak Ismail, George Yii Chii Cheng, Nik Mohd Habibullah Nik Mohd Nizam
{"title":"Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): Evaluation of the technology supporting the development of Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN) participants tracking application","authors":"Ishak Ismail, George Yii Chii Cheng, Nik Mohd Habibullah Nik Mohd Nizam","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603865","url":null,"abstract":"Radio Frequency Identification technology has been adopted into goods tracking, human tracking and identification of valuable items to fulfill the needs of identification. Reliable RFID communication requires good communication protocols as well as decision support protocols. The purpose of this paper is to review the current RFID technology and to explain the anti-collision protocol which is the communication protocol that eliminates the collisions between reader and tag as it will prevent reader from obtaining data from tags. Besides, this paper will also introduce the positioning protocol as a part of decision support protocol which is used to help the system to determine the location of required tag. These protocols are the random back-off anti-collision protocol which uses counter to generate random duration for next transmission to avoid tags from transmitting at the same time, simple positioning protocol and receiving power based triangulation method using Heronpsilas formula for positioning protocol use the concept multi readers to formulate the location of tag. Simulations have been done to illustrate how the protocols work. These protocols may be used in certain low end systems which cater fewer functions and limited number of mobility tags. As a conclusion, these protocols are able to be implemented into National Service participants tracking application to fulfill the requirements of tracking moving objects.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"25 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114006611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beamforming networks using cascaded Butler Matrices","authors":"S. Rahim, P. Gardner","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603919","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a smart antenna system, which employs the advantages of cascaded Butler Matrices in wireless communication system. By using the narrow beams available from the first Butler Matrix, it is possible for a receiver to increase the gain in the desired signal directions and reduce the gain in interference directions. Hence, high-gain narrow beam signals for long-range application are produced. A technique is introduced which uses a second Butler Matrix, acting as a mirror of the first Butler Matrix, reconstructing the antenna patterns of the individual radiating elements. The resulting outputs have broad beam width that can be used for short-range communication. This beamforming network using Butler Matrices provides a method, which could be applicable in wireless communication system applications.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127956929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Roslan, S. M. Rizaudin, A. Hasnain, M. Imran, A. Fadzil, I.C.M. Izmi
{"title":"Preliminary study on GPRS throughput at Northern Region of Malaysia BSC network","authors":"S. Roslan, S. M. Rizaudin, A. Hasnain, M. Imran, A. Fadzil, I.C.M. Izmi","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603959","url":null,"abstract":"General packet radio service (GPRS) is bearer service of Global System for Mobile (GSM) that has been deployed worldwide and is widely considered a technology precursor to the evolving third generation (3G) wireless network. In order to improve the GPRS traffic performance, the study on the factors contributed to the low performance of GPRS is carried out. This paper applied the data analyzing method of the real practice of GPRS services in Celcom (M) Berhad which covers the Northern Region. One of the factors contributed to low performance in GPRS traffic is the throughput performance. The parameter that interested to be focused in this paper is throughput performance whereby it including both uplink and downlink throughput.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129234053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. F. Ain, F. Ghani, M. Khatib, S. Hassan, M. Singh
{"title":"Process division between the transmitter and the receiver in synchronous multiuser communications","authors":"M. F. Ain, F. Ghani, M. Khatib, S. Hassan, M. Singh","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603893","url":null,"abstract":"In this approach, the performance of CDMA system for transmission of digital data over time varying channels such as the HF mobile channels is improved. This approach is based on implementing considerations depends on block transmission techniques. The main idea presented here is to divide the equalization process between the transmitter and the receiver of the system with a certain ratio that maximize the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The channel characteristics should be known at the transmitter which is the requirement for all systems that employ coding at the transmitter, and it should be known at the receiver too which is very easy to be done.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129268262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiated emission of a bent microstrip line using hertzian dipole method","authors":"Y. S. Khee, M. Jenu","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603981","url":null,"abstract":"Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) and signal integrity (SI) issues have generated challenges to the high speed digital circuit designer as the operating clock frequency of the system continue to increase to accommodate broadband applications. Discontinuity due to microstrip bents which appear frequently in most VLSI design requires thorough understanding on the current distribution in order to generate the immunity and emission characteristic of the circuit. This paper is on estimating the radiated emission on both the straight and bent microstrip line using the expanded hertzian dipole approach which will be validated with computer simulation results. It is found that the expanded hertzian dipole approach which is initially applied on wire can predict the emission on microstrip line well when proper adjustment is made.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114388684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison study of usage as grounding electrode between galvanized iron and copper with and without earth additive filler","authors":"F. Mahtar, A. Ramli, W. R. Wan Abdullah, M. Isa","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603943","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing price-hike for copper and its vulnerability to theft, there is some concern to telecommunications, utility company and building contractors to find an alternative material to copper as a grounding network. It has been known that galvanized iron is one type of steel that has been used extensively as a strengthener in pole construction, especially in Malaysia. Because of its electrical characteristics and reasonably low price, galvanized iron also can be considered as an alternative to copper as a grounding material. In this paper, evaluation is being done in order to verify the performance of stranded galvanized iron as grounding network. Mock up systems with both copper tape and galvanized iron wires have been constructed in the same site, which having 2 layer soil models based on soil resistivity measurements which have been conducted and simulated by using Current Distribution, Electromagnetic Fields, Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS) software by Safe Engineering Services & Technologies Limited. The performance of both copper tapes and galvanized iron wires has being monitored for 6 months from the installation date. By referring to the measured data, the performance of both copper and galvanized irons can be viewed and compared. The results prove that there is significant effect of better usage of copper as grounding electrode compared to galvanized iron, in terms of overall grounding impedance of the systems, based on 25 weekspsila data, especially for grounding systems which have been added with earth additive filler (EAF).","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127598833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and analysis of UWB rectangular patch antenna","authors":"A. Alam, M.R. Islam, S. Khan","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603851","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a simple structure of Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed. The antenna offers excellent performance for UWB system, ranging from 3.7 GHz to 13.8 GHz. The antenna exhibits a 10 dB return loss bandwidth over the entire frequency band. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate and fed with 50 ohms microstrip line. It is found that the frequency band depends on the width of the partial ground width, the width of the feedline and position of the feedline.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128209699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CNT based X-ray source for inspection system","authors":"H. Choi, J. Kim","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603869","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (i.e., CNTs) are tubular carbon molecules with properties that make them potentially useful in extremely small scale electronic and mechanical applications. Because of this, CNTs are widely used in many parts such as, field emission display (FED), nanoscale sensors, vacuum electronic devices, and so on. In this study, CNTs were applied for an X-ray emitter. CNTs were grown on the metal substrate by thermal CVD method and the length of the grown CNTs was about 30~50 um. The electrical properties of the grown CNT emitter were tested in an X-ray tube, which has triode structure (i.e., a cathode as CNT emitter, a grid, and an anode). Electron beam focusing characteristics were also studied by using the Opera 3D code, therefore, positions of individual electrodes in the triode were optimized for the best X-ray generation. Typical X-ray images were obtained in this study and the detailed descriptions of the manufactured X-ray triode were discussed.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130671370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Muhammad, N. M. Salleh, M. S. Zakaria, V. R. Gannapathy, M. N. Husain, I.M. Ibrahim, M. S. Johal, M.R. Ahmad, M. Aziz
{"title":"Physical and MAC Cross Layer Design for Wireless Mesh Networks","authors":"M. Muhammad, N. M. Salleh, M. S. Zakaria, V. R. Gannapathy, M. N. Husain, I.M. Ibrahim, M. S. Johal, M.R. Ahmad, M. Aziz","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603954","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are an alternative technology for last-mile broadband Internet access that can support broadband services. However, for a WMN to be all it can be, considerable research efforts are still needed. For example, the available MAC and routing protocols are not scalable; throughput drops significantly as the number of nodes or hops in WMNs increases. Thus, existing protocols need to be enhanced or re-invented for WMNs. When advanced physical layer techniques, used, novel MAC protocols, especially multi-channel MAC, need to be proposed to utilize the agility provided by the physical layer. This paper presents an introduction to wireless mesh networks, IEEE 802.11, physical layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) cross layer design.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134210199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Othman, I. Ibrahim, M. Samingan, A. Aziz, M. Selamat, H. Halim
{"title":"Single stage RF amplifier at 5.8GHz ISM band with IEEE 802.11a standard","authors":"A. R. Othman, I. Ibrahim, M. Samingan, A. Aziz, M. Selamat, H. Halim","doi":"10.1109/APACE.2007.4603948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APACE.2007.4603948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the circuit design and measurement of a single stage RF amplifier for 5.8 GHz-band with IEEE 802.11a standards for WLAN applications. The circuit was simulated using Ansoft Designer where a 14 dB of gain; input and output return loss less than -10 dB were observed. The GaAs hetrojunction FET (HFET), capacitors and resistors are combined with the microstrip line pattern by silver epoxy. A 1 dB output power compression point (P1dB) of 17 dBm and 14.56d B of gain when -1 dBm power injected under 6 V and frac12 Idss biasing are measured.","PeriodicalId":356424,"journal":{"name":"2007 Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132930072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}