Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Manual Vacuum Aspiration in the Treatment of First Trimester Miscarriages: Experience from a Northern Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"I. Takai, H. Ladu, U. Umar, A. Avidime, Z. Muhammad","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.1945144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.1945144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is one of the most common gynaecological procedures in clinical practice. It provides a cheap, safe and effective means of reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. \u0000Aim: The aim of the study is to review the effectiveness of manual vacuum aspiration in management of first trimester miscarriages in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. \u0000Materials and Method: This study was a two-year retrospective analysis (between 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2018) on the use of manual vacuum aspiration in management of first trimester miscarriages in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano. There were 154 cases of first trimester miscarriage during the study period but 104 case files were retrieved with complete information for analysis. Relevant data extracted were analysed using SPSS version 20. \u0000Results: One hundred and four (104) cases were analysed within the study period. Seventy-eight (75%) of the patients were aged 20-34 years; 97 (93.3%) were married and 52 (50.0%) were multigravidas. MVA was performed mainly for incomplete abortion (N=74; 71.2%). Fifty-four (51.9%) of the procedures were done by registrars and 44 (41.3%) by house-officers. Ninety-one (87.5%) of the cases had no complication; post-abortal bleeding was documented in 9 (8.7%) cases. Only 68 patients presented with histology report during their follow up visit in gynaecology clinic. 97% out of this reported product of conception, while 3% reported molar gestation. \u0000Conclusion: The most common indication for MVA in this study was incomplete abortion and most of the cases were not associated with any complication. MVA is very effective in management of first trimester miscarriage in our center. Histology report is however important as this will help to differentiate between gestational trophoblastic disease and incomplete miscarriage.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131115995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Aging Sperm: Is the Male Reproductive Capacity Ticking to Biological Extinction?","authors":"P. Sengupta, U. Nwagha","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129271","url":null,"abstract":"In other to provide some insight into the issue of male fertility with aging, several experimental, clinical and cross‑sectional epidemiological studies have been undertaken to characterize the relationship between paternal ages as a marker of the semen quality and male fertility status. The present review summarizes, comprehensively, the mechanisms that tend to relate male aging and semen quality with their consequences on semen parameters. Review of English language‑published research articles from 1980, through 2013 was executed using Medline and Medscape databases. It was found that the semen volume, concentration and vitality of spermatozoa declined significantly with age. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentations, as well as abnormalities of sex chromosomes, were also reported as having a significant association with men’s age which may be one of the reasons for failure in some traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127638048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Determinants of Stillbirth amongst Parturients in Two Hospitals in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Lawrence O OmoâAghoja, E. Onohwakpor, A. Adeyinka, J. Omene","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fetal death is a major but often overlooked public health issue. Aim: Knowledge of the causes and risk factors will help in designing measures to reduce the burden of fetal death in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A 5 year descriptive study of all fetal mortality of >28 weeks in Southern Nigeria. Relevant details were extracted from the case notes and the registers in the labor ward, maternity ward, the labor ward theater and the main theater. Statistical Analysis Used: The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS PC+) and this consisted of univariate analysis and comparisons of identified relationships. Results: The total number of deliveries from 28 weeks was 25,780 and the number of parturients with fetal mortality after 28 weeks was 157 and therefore the incidence of stillbirth was 0.6% giving a mortality rate of 6.1/1000 total births. However, 148 (85%) case notes of the total fetal deaths were retrieved and formed the study sample. Socio-demographic variables such as extremes of age and parity, unbooked status, unemployment, unmarried, Isoko, Itsekiri and Ijaw ethnic groups and primary level or no formal education were determinants of stillbirth. Others were maternal diabetes mellitus, malaria, hypertension, labor duration >4 h, instrumental or assisted vaginal delivery, gestational age at booking >12 weeks, low birth weight and preterm births. Conclusion: The fetal mortality (stillbirth) rate was low and the determinants were identii¬ed. Public health education, female education and socio-economic empowerment are suggested preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intern's experiences with episiotomy and its repair","authors":"E. Nzeribe, Ogechi Obinna-Njoku, Kelechi Iwuji","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.104289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.104289","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Episiotomy ‑an incision of the perineum at the time of vaginal delivery is a common obstetric procedure. If the repair is inadequately done, it may leave the woman suffering from perineal pain and other long term conditions with serious impact on the woman’s health and social wellbeing. The importance of skill in the obstetric procedure of episiotomy and its repair cannot be over emphasized. Objectives: The study aims to determine the interns’ training and experience with episiotomy and its repair. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire study of medical interns’ who had their houseman ship at the Federal Medical Centre Owerri, over a period of two years between 2003 and 2005. Results were analyzed with the SPSS version 10. Results: 70 (77.7%) of the 90 interns to whom the questionnaire was administered responded correctly. They had an average age of 28.81 ±3.36 years. 44 (62.9%) had a formal demonstration on episiotomy repair done at their medical training institution. 56 (80%) of the interns were comfortable with episiotomy repair while 14 (20%) were not. 10 (45.45%) of the females and 4 (8.33%) of the males were not comfortable with episiotomy repair. 30% of those who got their skill on episiotomy repair at the period of houseman ship were not comfortable with the procedure as opposed to 4.3% of those who had a formal training at their medical training institution. Discussion: A formal demonstration at the medical school of training does not appear to be a constant event in the medical schools as only 62.9% of the interns in this study accepted receiving such. However, despite the above, 80% of these interns’ were comfortable with the repairs of episiotomy. Conclusions: It would be preferred if a formal demonstration is given on this procedure while a student is still in training. Keywords: Episiotomy, experiences, interns","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129008318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Clonidine versus Lignocaine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Responses during Laparoscopic Hysterectomy","authors":"Shankar Roy, A. Chaudhuri, Debashis Saha, Sumanta Ghosh Maulik, A. Bandopadhyay","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemodynamic changes due to reflex sympathetic discharge are of great concern in laparoscopic surgeries. Aim: To compare hemodynamic changes following premedication with lignocaine or clonidine during laparoscopic hysterectomy. Subjects and Methods: This prospective cross‑sectional randomized double blinded controlled trial was conducted one year in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal. After taking institutional ethical clearance and consent of patients, hundred subjects of ASA Grade I and II undergoing elective laparoscopic hysterectomy were included in the study. Patients were allocated into two groups. Group A received clonidine and Group B received lignocaine. Baseline clinical parameters were recorded. Patients received clonidine or lignocaine as a bolus over a period of 15 minutes before induction and as continuous intravenous infusion throughout the surgical procedure. The dose of clonidine was 2.25 µg/kg bolus and 0.9 µg/kg/hr infusion while that of lignocaine was 1.5 mg/kg bolus and 0.6 mg/kg/hr infusion. Patients were given 1 µg/kg of fentanyl citrate intravenously. Following inductionwith intravenous propofol, endotracheal intubation was facilitated by atracurium. Anaesthesia was maintained by nitrous oxideIN and oxygen and along with propofol infusion. Muscle relaxation was achieved by intermittent bolus doses of atracurium. The patients were mechanically ventilated to keep EtCO 2 between 35 and 40 mm Hg. Residual neuromuscular block was reversed by an appropriate dose of neostigmine and glycopyrrolate. All patients were shifted to PACU/POCU. Ramsay Sedation Score was assessed. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: In comparison to group B, attenuation of heart rate, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressures were significantly more in group A. There was no difference in sedation score between the two groups. Conclusion: In an attempt to attenuate both the effects of layngoscopy and insufflations with carbon dioxide in laparoscopic surgery infusions of clonidine and lignocaine were run all through the procedures in the present study and it was found that use of clonidine and lignocaine attenuated the haemodynamic responses. However clonidine being found to be more effective.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123618591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Septic abortion managed in a tertiary hospital in West Bengal","authors":"S. Hazra, P. Sarkar, A. Chaudhuri, G. Mitra, D. Banerjee, Sarmistha Guha","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.112590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.112590","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Septic abortion is still a challenging problem and a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Aim: The present study was conducted to estimate incidence, causes, risk factors, associated microorganisms, and treatment modalities of cases of septic abortion managed in a tertiary health care in West Bengal. Subjects and Methods: It was a cross‑sectional study carried out in Burdwan Medical College and Hospital in West Bengal between July 2011 and June 2012. On admission a thorough history was taken, examination was done, and investigations were carried. Depending on the examination findings the cases were grouped into three grades‑grade I: The infection localized in the uterus; grade II: The infection spread beyond the uterus to the parametrium, tubes, and ovaries or pelvic peritoneum; grade III: Generalized peritonitis and/or endotoxic shock or jaundice or acute renal failure. Statistical analysis was done by using Epi Info™ software (Version 3.5.1, CDC) after proper arrangement of all the data in tabular form and presented as simple percentage. Results: During the period, 1297 cases of abortion were admitted among which 107 were septic abortions, thus giving the incidence of the latter as 8.2% (107/1297). Forty‑three percent cases of septic abortion (46/107) were in grade I, 21.5% (23/107) in grade II, and 35.5% (38/107) in grade III. The modal age group of the patients was 15‑25 years (49.5%). Majority of the subjects were married (77.6%; 83/107) and multiparous (60.7%; 65/107). Similarly, most of them (71%; 76/107) were from low socioeconomic class. Ninety percent of the patients (96/107) had induced abortion. The common clinical features at presentation were pallor (88.8%; 95/107) and fever (86.0%; 92/107). Escherichia coli (62.6%; 67/107) and Klebsiella pneumonia (32.75%; 35/107) were the most common organism isolated. The case fatality from septic abortion in this study was 13.1% and the condition accounted for 15.4% of total maternal mortality within the period reviewed. Conclusion: The incidence of septic abortion in this study is relatively high, and majority of the cases resulted from attempted termination of pregnancy. It is a significant contributor to maternal mortality. Promotion of family planning and legalization of abortion services will go a long way in reducing the incidence of septic abortion and its associated complications.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127145783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puerperal Superior Sagittal Sinus Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"OL Femi, H. Mohammed, E. Musa, D. Ibrahim, B. Gwaram, A. Dutse","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129287","url":null,"abstract":"Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is a rare and often misdiagnosed disorder. Its occurrence with pulmonary embolism (PE) is much rarer, more so when it occurs in the setting of puerperium. Although cerebral sagittal sinus thrombosis can occur at any time during life, women are particularly vulnerable before delivery and during the puerperal period due to the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. We report a case which describes the challenging clinical course of a young woman who developed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and PE during puerperium.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115320307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of First‑Trimester Volumetry in Predicting Pregnancy Complications","authors":"T. Okeke, K. Agwuna, Agu Pu","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129272","url":null,"abstract":"The application of first trimester volumetry in predicting pregnancy complications is a promising and interesting field in Obstetrics and Radiology. This was a descriptive review of first trimester volumetry in predicting pregnancy complications over a period of 6 months (January 1st, 2013 to June 30th, 2013). A search of literature on first trimester volumetry published in English was conducted. Relevant materials on first trimester volumetry were selected. Placenta volumes (PV) and embryo volume/fetal volume ratios in the first trimester are correlated with crown rump length (CRL) or gestational age (GA). Measurement of PV or placental quotient (PV/CRL ratio) is an early assessment to identify impaired trophoblast invasion and predict subsequent development of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or pre‑eclampsia (PE). In early onset IUGR due to triploidy, or trisomy 13 or 18, a larger deficit in fetal volume is observed compared to CRL. In obstetric sonography, standardization of the 3D volumetric methodology is needed to improve reproducibility of measurement. The accuracy of these measurements is uncertain and current applicability to practice is not fully accepted, therefore, the current methods are yet to be standardized and general applicability is uncertain. Volumetry holds a good promise as an extra method for predicting IUGR, PE, aneuploidy, miscarriages, or stillbirth but lack of standardization currently limits its applicability.","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116566856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic Analysis of Female Genital Tuberculosis with Clinical Correlation: A Fifteen Year Study in a Tertiary Hospital of India","authors":"S. Mondal, T. K. Dutta, D. Nag, P. Biswas, M. Sinha","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.104292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.104292","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis remains a global health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB), though rare in western world, is relevant in developing countries like India. Aims and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine histologic findings of different parts of female genital tract affected by TB and to correlate it with clinical and other features. Materials and Methods: A total number of 110 cases of FGTB from 92 patients were included over a period of 15 years. (April, 1997 to March, 2012) The age range of the patients was 17 to 45 years with mean of 26.3 years. The diagnostic procedures used were curettage biopsy, hysterectomy, histologic examination, culture, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-polymerase chain reaction, laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography, and ultrasonography. Patients of FGTB presented with infertility (65-70%), pelvic/ abdominal pain (50-55%), and menstrual disturbances (20-25%). Results: FGTB involved vulva (2), vagina (1), cervix (5), endometrium (66), fallopian tube (24), and ovaries (12). Out of 66 endometrial TB, proliferative, secretory endometrium, and atrophic endometrium were seen in 53, 09, and 04 cases. HIV co-infection was found only in 5 cases, and acid-fast bacilli in tissue sections were detected in 7 cases. Conclusions: FGTB is not uncommon in developing countries and is an important cause of infertility. Though fallopian tube was the most common site in many studies, in this study, endometrium emerges as the commonest site. Keywords: Female genital tuberculosis, histopathology, HIV","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128921448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parity May Determine Levels of Some Antioxidant Minerals in Pregnancy: An Experience From Rural South‑Eastern Nigeria","authors":"S. O. Ogbodo, A. Okaka, U. Nwagha","doi":"10.4103/2278-960X.129275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2278-960X.129275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maternal micronutrient and antioxidant status is critical to fetal growth and survival. Poor socioeconomic conditions in the rural areas portend undernutrition with inevitable micronutrients deficiencies. Presently, there are conflicting reports on the serum levels of some mineral antioxidants during pregnancy. Aim: To determine the serum concentrations of some antioxidant minerals - copper and manganese, in rural pregnant women of different parities. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross‑sectional study, involving 195 rural pregnant women, in different trimesters and parities. They were recruited from antenatal clinics of some rural health centres in south‑eastern Nigeria. The controls were 50 age‑matched, nonpregnant, nulliparous, and apparently healthy women, who were not menstruating at the time of sample collection. Results : The results showed that copper was nonsignificantly lower (P = 0.14), while manganese was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in pregnant women than nonpregnant women. Over gestation, there was no significant changes (P = 0.081; F = 2.268; r2 = 0.028) in copper concentrations as pregnancy progressed while manganese increased significantly (P < 0.001; F = 18.370; r2 = 0.195), and remained relatively so, throughout gestation. However, both antioxidants increased progressively and significantly as parity increased (P < 0.001). Conclusion : Parity influences the levels of these antioxidant minerals in pregnancy and therefore should play significant role in the determination of the actual dose of supplements, if need be, of these antioxidants during pregnancy. Indeed assessment and supplementation of copper and manganese during pregnancy should be individualized to avoid deleterious fetomaternal consequences. Keywords : Copper, manganese, parity, pregnancy, rural area","PeriodicalId":356195,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Reproductive Sciences","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123086629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}