Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future最新文献_第2页

Biological control in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. 厄瓜多尔大陆和加拉帕戈斯群岛的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0220

C. Castillo, P. Gallegos, C. Causton

{"title":"Biological control in continental Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands.","authors":"C. Castillo, P. Gallegos, C. Causton","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Biological control has been used against agricultural pests and diseases on mainland Ecuador for over 80 years and its use as a pest management tool is increasing. Classical and augmentative biocontrol techniques are now commonly used for a wide range of crops, fruits and flowers that are grown using traditional or organic farming approaches. The Ecuadorian government, through the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Institute of Agricultural Research, strongly encourages the use of biocontrol, conducts research on potential biocontrol agents, and has helped to establish laboratories for the production of biocontrol agents in different provinces. There are also now at least four Ecuadorian companies that produce entomopathogens, insect predators and parasitoids as well as cooperation agreements set up with international suppliers. It is estimated that augmentative biocontrol was used on over 65,000 ha of farmland in 2017, and conservation biocontrol on 150,000 ha. The area under classical biocontrol was difficult to reliably estimate. The aim of Ecuador is to offer more high-quality commodities that are produced using methods with low negative ecological impact. On the Galapagos Islands, classical biocontrol has been used once to control the invasive cottony cushion scale, which was seriously affecting threatened endemic plant species. Following the success of this programme, it is now being considered as a management tool for invasive plant and insect species, as well for the most damaging agricultural pests.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123054760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Biological control in Uruguay. 乌拉圭的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0447

C. Basso, A. Ribeiro, X. Cibils, W. Chiaravalle, K. Punschke

{"title":"Biological control in Uruguay.","authors":"C. Basso, A. Ribeiro, X. Cibils, W. Chiaravalle, K. Punschke","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The first reported case of biological control in Uruguay was an attempt to import the parasitoid Encarsia berlesei from Italy to manage the white peach scale in 1912, which failed due to high mortality during the long boat trip. Later introduction of the same parasitoid (in 1913) and the predator Lindorus lophanthae (in 1915) resulted in permanent control of peach scale. In the early 20th century, Uruguay was a pioneer in South America in the successful introduction of natural enemies of pests recently arrived in the country and was also a provider of biocontrol agents to other countries in the region by re-exporting these exotic species. Throughout this century the introduction and colonization of biocontrol agents continued. In the 1980s and 1990s, national production of entomopathogens and parasitoids was initiated. During this period (and until today), large-scale prospecting projects were executed to find and identify native natural enemies and microbial control agents in several important crops. The largest areas under classical biocontrol are currently in pine and eucalyptus plantations. Recently, government regulations for the registration and control of biocontrol products have been established in Uruguay. The first commercial biocontrol products on the market are used to manage pests in horticultural crops in greenhouses and for field crops such as soybeans, intended for local consumption and for export. Uruguay aspires to be recognized for the production of high-quality food. Biocontrol helps to realize this aspiration, because it contributes to food safety and adds to environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"12 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134412475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Biological control in Suriname. 苏里南的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0426

A. Sauers-Muller, M. Jagroep

{"title":"Biological control in Suriname.","authors":"A. Sauers-Muller, M. Jagroep","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0426","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Research on biological control in Suriname started in the 1910s with reports of native entomopathogenic fungi attacking pests in coffee, followed by native predators attacking pests in cotton in the 1920s. Many other native natural enemies of crop pests were identified in the period up to the 1970s and prospecting for natural enemies has been a continuous activity in Suriname. An example of successful biocontrol is that of the coconut caterpillar, which is attacked by various native parasitoids, a fungus and several predators. A number of other pests hardly pose a problem for the crops they attack, due to the presence of native natural enemies. In cassava, for example, the green cassava mite seldom causes damage to the crop. Also in citrus, several scales are kept under natural control by parasitoids, a ladybird and a mite, resulting in little use of pesticides. A recent example of classical biocontrol is that of the pink hibiscus mealybug, which was rapidly brought under control after its introduction by the release of a predatory beetle and a parasitoid. Recently, much work has been done on IPM of the invasive carambola fruit fly, which may include a biocontrol element involving the release of exotic parasitoids.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124904917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Paraguay. 巴拉圭的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0354

C. C. Cabral Antúnez, G. Resquín Romero, V. A. Gómez López

引用次数: 1

Biological control in Peru. 秘鲁的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0369

N. Mujica, M. Whu

{"title":"Biological control in Peru.","authors":"N. Mujica, M. Whu","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0369","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In Peru, the first introduction of six species of beneficials occurred in 1904 for control of cotton white scale. By 1969, more than 20 other beneficial species had been imported for control of scales, aphids and lepidopterans in important crops. Many species established and still control pests today. In 1961, the Center for Introduction and Rearing of Useful Insects was created for biocontrol of the most economically important pests. Identification of parasitoids and predators, study of their biology and development of mass-production methods were executed to optimize their use. From 1979, research concentrated on the behaviour of parasitoids and predators of mealybugs, scales and lepidopteran pests. Also, collection and investigation of entomopathogenic fungi was initiated. In the late 1990s, a National Program for Biological Control was created to intensify biocontrol in important crops through training of professionals and promotion and sale of biocontrol agents to farmers. Biocontrol agents were supplied to different agricultural valleys via a network of production laboratories, which reared 42 species of biocontrol agents to control pests in more than 45 crops. The area under augmentative biocontrol increased from 10,000 ha to 253,000 ha in a 6-year period. By 2015, 177 exotic species of biocontrol agents had been introduced into Peru and 53 of these introductions resulted in complete or substantial classical or augmentative control of the pest. In Peru, the use of biocontrol agents has grown due to the increased demand by producers for safe and healthy products for internal and external markets, by consumers for products free of pesticide residues and by the government to achieve greater sustainability in agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117069423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Biological control in Jamaica. 牙买加的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0290

M. A. Sherwood, J. C. Lenteren

{"title":"Biological control in Jamaica.","authors":"M. A. Sherwood, J. C. Lenteren","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0290","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Jamaica has a rich history of successful biological control of more than 25 pests of economic and quarantine importance. Approximately 14 classical, 13 natural and six augmentative biocontrol programmes were recorded, as well as two fortuitous introductions. The programmes concerned control of key pests on: (i) citrus, such as citrus blackfly, citrus red scale, cottony cushion scale, citrus root weevils, brown citrus aphid, lime swallowtail butterfly and Asian citrus psyllid; (ii) sugarcane, mainly sugarcane borers; (iii) banana, the banana weevil; (iv) cocoa, the cocoa thrips; (v) coconut, with coconut scale, two aphid species and red palm mite; (vi) sweet potato, sweet potato weevil; (vii) crucifers, with diamondback moth and cabbage looper; (viii) coffee, with coffee berry borer and coffee leaf miner; (ix) residential fruit tree crops and ornamentals, with pink hibiscus mealybug and ensign scale; (x) papaya, with papaya mealybug and citrus root weevil; and (xi) onion and scallion, with beet armyworm. Biocontrol agents used were species of parasitoids, predatory beetles and mites, nucleopolyhedroviruses, and entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes. Jamaica served as a provider of biocontrol agents for the Caribbean and Hawaii. A biocontrol facility is currently being built to develop control methods for endemic and invasive pests.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124508078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Belize. 伯利兹的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0058

E. Sosa, F. Blanco, J. C. Lenteren

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Bolivia. 玻利维亚的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0064

J. Franco, L. V. Crespo, Y. Colmenárez, J. C. Lenteren

{"title":"Biological control in Bolivia.","authors":"J. Franco, L. V. Crespo, Y. Colmenárez, J. C. Lenteren","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 A number of introductions of parasitoids and predators were carried out in the 1950s for classical biological control of olive scale, woolly apple aphid, white peach scale, Mediterranean fruit fly and Anastrepha fruit fly, with control of cottony cushion scale by the coccinellid Rodolia being a particular success. In 1963, dipteran natural enemies were introduced for the control of sugarcane borers, Diatraea spp. Since 1963 native hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids have been field collected and re-released for control of the borers. In 1969 an IPM programme of sugarcane borers was started, and biocontrol in sugarcane in the period 1970-2000 mainly consisted of augmentative releases of hymenopteran and tachinid parasitoids. Another successful IPM programme dealt with control of potato moth species with a product - now commercially available - that contains a native strain of the granulosis virus Baculovirus phthorimaea and a native strain of Bacillus thuringiensis. Coffee berry borer was brought under biocontrol in the 1990s by releasing a hymenopteran parasitoid and application of an entomopathogenic fungus. An increased demand for organic products since 2000 has stimulated work on isolation, characterization, mass production, formulation and certification of a number of microbial control agents. These are used in many crops and examples are microbial control of pest in potato and quinoa. Many of the quinoa pests are kept under natural control by predators and parasitoids, which has been well documented during the past 10 years. Currently most pests in sugarcane and soybean are under a combination of natural, augmentative and classical biocontrol.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"482 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123767354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biological control in Cuba. 古巴的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0176

M. Márquez, L. Vázquez, M. G. Rodríguez, J. L. Ayala Sifontes, F. Fuentes, M. Ramos, L. Hidalgo, L. Herrera

{"title":"Biological control in Cuba.","authors":"M. Márquez, L. Vázquez, M. G. Rodríguez, J. L. Ayala Sifontes, F. Fuentes, M. Ramos, L. Hidalgo, L. Herrera","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The first biological control project in Cuba concerned the introduction of the parasitoid Eretmocerus serius in 1929, resulting in successful classical biocontrol of citrus blackfly in citrus. The subsequent biocontrol success that is still in use on large areas today was obtained in the 1940s by mass rearing and releasing the native dipteran parasitoid Lixophaga diatraeae for control of the sugarcane borer. Nowadays, many native and exotic Trichogramma species are successfully applied against lepidopteran defoliators in the field. Other current augmentative biocontrol programmes involve the use of microbial agents, nematodes, parasitoids and predators for pest and disease management in various crops. A network of 175 mass rearing centres for entomophages and entomopathogens (CREE) and four industrial plants belonging to the Enterprise System of the Ministry of Agriculture, guarantee the mass production of native strains of microbial control agents, such as Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Each year these microbial control agents are applied on about 2,400,000 ha of field crops. Conservation biocontrol practices to increase natural enemy populations and the promotion of natural reservoirs of Pheidole megacephala predatory ants, along with capturing and re-release of the coccinellids Cycloneda sanguinea, Coleomegilla cubensis, Hippodamia convergens and Chilocorus cactus L. in urban agriculture, are widely applied by farmers in Cuba.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124277244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4