Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future最新文献

Biological control in Nicaragua. 尼加拉瓜的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0336

P. Castillo

{"title":"Biological control in Nicaragua.","authors":"P. Castillo","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0336","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Biological control started in Nicaragua in 1957 with a study of parasitoids of the fall armyworm and augmentative releases of parasitoids and predators against pests in cotton. In the 1970s, cotton production was no longer profitable due to the high costs of frequent pesticide sprays. With assistance from FAO, an IPM programme for cotton pests was developed, which included biocontrol. Universities started to teach fundamentals of pest ecology and initiated prospecting for native natural enemies. Among others, a native strain of Trichogramma pretiosum was found and a mass rearing system was developed. The parasitoid has since been released in several crops. The predator Chrysoperla carnea was also mass produced and applied in the field. At the end of the 1980s, prospecting for entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and viruses started, resulting in the production of several of these biocontrol agents, in particular five virus products for control of lepidopterans in various crops. In the mid 1990s, augmentative biocontrol of diamondback moth was developed by releasing native and exotic parasitoids. Currently there are several biofactories in Nicaragua that produce parasitoids, predators, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and viruses, and phytopathogenic fungi.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129908444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biological control in the Dominican Republic. 多米尼加共和国的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0199

C. Serra, J. C. Lenteren

{"title":"Biological control in the Dominican Republic.","authors":"C. Serra, J. C. Lenteren","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 During the first part of the 20th century several introductions were made, resulting in successful classical biocontrol of coconut scale and cottony cushion scale. After 1970, biocontrol activities increased and prospecting for biocontrol agents of pests, diseases and weeds took place. Other successful classical biocontrol programmes were implemented after 1980, resulting in control of citrus blackfly, whiteflies, papaya mealybug, pink hibiscus mealybug and Anastrepha fruit flies. A number of cases of natural control by predatory bugs, chrysopids, syrphids, coccinellids, entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes were documented for arthropod pests, such as whiteflies, thrips, mites, lepidopterans, and dipteran and lepidopteran leaf miners. Conservation biocontrol enhancing the action of parasitoids, predators or pathogens of lepidopterans, whiteflies, leaf miners, thrips, aphids and mites in vegetables was developed, as well as for citrus psyllids and fruit flies. Augmentative biocontrol of the coffee berry borer, using an exotic parasitoid and a pathogen, of the ello sphinx in cassava, of thrips and other vegetable pests in greenhouses and open fields, and of bilharzia-transmitting snails, was implemented. Also, prospecting for native predatory mites has been executed recently. Conservation biocontrol based on integrated approaches using cultural control measures, monitoring systems, selective pesticides and native natural enemies is step by step reaching larger groups of agricultural producers, above all those who produce crops destined for export markets, which are subject to severe regulations concerning types and residues of synthetic pesticides.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132357128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Biological control in Mexico. 墨西哥的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0308

H. Arredondo-Bernal, B. Rodríguez-Vélez

{"title":"Biological control in Mexico.","authors":"H. Arredondo-Bernal, B. Rodríguez-Vélez","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0308","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 During the 1940s and 1950s, the number of native and exotic species of biocontrol agents used in Mexico amounted to 59 and most of these were parasitoids. Classical biocontrol was dominant and included control of hemipteran pests such as the woolly apple aphid, scales, citrus mealybugs, spittlebug, and the rhodesgrass mealybug. One of the globally recognized successes was classical biocontrol of the citrus blackfly with an imported parasitoid. In the 1960s, construction of mass-production centres for biocontrol organisms took place, for rearing of Trichogramma spp., among others. More recent cases of classical biocontrol, sometimes in combination with augmentative biocontrol, are the control of grasshoppers, pink hibiscus mealybug, velvet soybean worm, eucalyptus psyllid, Asian citrus psyllid, brown citrus aphid, and fruit flies. Examples of augmentative control are control of the Mexican bollworm with a native parasitoid, of diamondback moth with native and exotic parasitoids and of aphids with predators and an entomopathogenic fungus. Augmentative biocontrol is particularly popular for control of aphids, thrips, leaf miners, mites and whiteflies in vegetables and ornamentals, where several species of predators, parasitoids and microbial agents are used. Examples of today's large-scale augmentative programmes are control of sugarcane borers with Trichogramma spp., of sugarcane aphids with predators in soybean and of several species of locusts and grasshoppers with an entomopathogenic fungus. Currently, there are 65 companies producing and marketing 40 species of beneficial organisms, and more than 50 species of arthropods produced outside Mexico are authorized for importation to be used in specific pest control programmes.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121831367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Biological control in Brazil. 巴西的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0078

V. Bueno, J. Parra, W. Bettiol, J. C. Lenteren

{"title":"Biological control in Brazil.","authors":"V. Bueno, J. Parra, W. Bettiol, J. C. Lenteren","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Classical biological control attempts from 1921 to 1944 were not effective. During the 1960s, an important success was obtained by controlling the rhodesgrass scale in thousands of hectares of pastures with an introduced parasitoid. Also biocontrol of wheat aphids by introduction of parasitoids and predators appeared effective. Further, classical biocontrol of sirex wood wasps in pine plantations was achieved with parasitoids and entomopathogenic nematodes. Augmentative biocontrol of the sugarcane borer by native dipteran parasitoids started in the 1960s, later followed by importation and release of Cotesia flavipes parasitoids. In the 1980s, biocontrol of soybean caterpillars was realized on more than 2 million hectares by application of on-farm produced AgMNPV virus. Predatory mites are used for augmentative biocontrol of spider mites in apple orchards and greenhouse crops; predators and parasitoids are used for control of lepidopterans in eucalyptus plantations and field crops such as sugarcane. Parasitoids are released in soybean for control of stink bugs. Trichoderma spp. are applied on 5.5 million hectares for control of soil-borne diseases in many crops. Recent successful classical biocontrol programmes deal with control of cassava mealybug, citrus leaf miner, and Asian citrus psyllid. Brazil has become one of the pioneer countries worldwide in the production and use of microbial control agents and natural enemies to control pests and diseases on millions of hectares. Brazil currently has 26 facilities producing microbial agents and 21 for mass rearing natural enemies. More than 80 microbial products are registered for control of arthropods, while fewer than ten natural enemies have been registered to date.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126465730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Biological control in French Guiana, Guadeloupe and Martinique. 法属圭亚那、瓜德罗普岛和马提尼克岛的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0251

P. Ryckewaert, J. Vayssières

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Puerto Rico. 波多黎各的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0390

M. Ramos, O. Ramos-Rodríguez, F. Gallardo-Covas

{"title":"Biological control in Puerto Rico.","authors":"M. Ramos, O. Ramos-Rodríguez, F. Gallardo-Covas","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0390","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The role of natural enemies in pest control was recognized by naturalists visiting Puerto Rico around 1800 and 1870. Natural control of sugarcane borers by parasitoids and vertebrate predators of sugarcane borer was first documented in 1895. Pests in sugarcane received much attention in the early 20th century, starting with the introduction in 1912 of a ladybird for control of mealybugs. Biocontrol research in Puerto Rico peaked in the period from 1900 to 1950, when more than 75 species of parasitoids and predators of various pests were introduced. After 1970, several successful classical biocontrol projects resulted in control of water weeds, such as hornwort with grass carp, and water hyacinth, water lettuce and alligator weed with phytophagous coleopterans. Other projects concerned natural, classical, fortuitous and conservation biocontrol with predators and parasitoids of pests in citrus, coffee, cucurbits, papaya and pigeon pea. In 2014 a project was initiated for control of the Harrisia cactus mealybug. Recent interest in organic agriculture and environmentally friendly agricultural practices in Puerto Rico has resulted in biocontrol being considered more often for management of pests and diseases.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131901320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Argentina. 阿根廷的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0021

N. Greco, G. C. Walsh, M. G. Luna

{"title":"Biological control in Argentina.","authors":"N. Greco, G. C. Walsh, M. G. Luna","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Biological control in Argentina has a longstanding tradition with records of natural enemy introductions since the beginning of the 20th century, mainly between 1900 and 1940. Eight predators, 70 parasitoids and seven pathogens have been introduced for arthropod control, plus eight weed biocontrol agents. Argentina has also provided 22 arthropod species to Africa, Australia, Canada and the USA for arthropod pest biocontrol. At least 26 agents from Argentina have been released against 24 weeds of South American origin around the world, notably for freshwater invaders. Fruit production and pine plantations still have the largest areas under some degree of classical biocontrol, yet the current impact of the agents is not well known. Citrus fruit flies are under experimental augmentative biocontrol with one parasitoid species and 1 million hectares under an IPM regime that includes cultural control, trapping and SIT technology. As for private initiatives, a small fraction of greenhouse tomatoes and peppers are under augmentative biocontrol. Augmentative releases are also made in sugarcane plantations and citrus groves. Finally, an extensive part of the Argentine territory is affected by thistles and skeleton weed, and several artificial and natural water bodies invaded by native aquatics are subject to classical biocontrol, although they are still important weeds in many areas. Despite the government's explicit endorsement, resources are scarce and applied biocontrol in all its forms is still sorely undeveloped in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Biological control in Colombia. 哥伦比亚的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0124

T. Kondo, M. Manzano, A. Cotes

{"title":"Biological control in Colombia.","authors":"T. Kondo, M. Manzano, A. Cotes","doi":"10.1079/9781789242430.0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789242430.0124","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The history of biological control of agricultural pests in Colombia dates back to 1880. The first documented cases include both classical biocontrol and the use of biopesticides against insect pests. The need to protect four national production systems of great economic importance (oil palm, sugarcane, coffee and greenhouse flowers and vegetables crops) from arthropod pests by reducing insecticide use has stimulated the development of research centres that support, together with local universities, the research and implementation of augmentative biocontrol programmes. Conservation biocontrol is a recent activity in Colombia. Although there are more than 52 officially registered companies in the country that produce microbial control agents (entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, baculoviruses and antagonistic microorganisms, including fungi and bacteria), predators and parasitoids, it is necessary to implement more rigorous quality control programmes in the production phase. Additionally, there is only a small amount of officially registered biocontrol agents, which is a limiting factor in their commercialization. Despite the quantity and diversity of agents released in Colombia, there are only partial records of the area under biocontrol, which is estimated at approximately 550,000 ha. It is necessary to implement post-release monitoring studies to determine the effectiveness of the biocontrol agent used. As an obstacle in Colombia and several other countries, the application of the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is highlighted, which has made it very difficult or impossible to collect and export natural enemies which are essential for biocontrol programmes.","PeriodicalId":355961,"journal":{"name":"Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130124593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Biological control in Trinidad and Tobago. 特立尼达和多巴哥的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0437

A. Khan, W. Isaac

引用次数: 0

Biological control in Dominica. 多米尼克的生物防治。

Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: its rich history and bright future Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1079/9781789242430.0194

J. C. Lenteren

引用次数: 0