Norsk Epidemiologi最新文献

{"title":"Consumption of oral anticancer drugs in Norway compared by different units of measurements – introduction of new DDDs","authors":"Kristine M Olsen, Live Storehagen Dansie, I. Litleskare, H. Blix","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4041","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antineoplastic agents (ATC group L01) have not been assigned DDDs due to highly interindividualvariation in dosages. Consumption data has therefore been presented in other measurement units such as grams of active ingredient. However, the protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) are a rapidly growing drug group that was introduced to the market recently and are administered orally in a fixed dose. DDDs were therefore established for the PKIs in 2020. In this study we aim to assess whether the newly assigned DDDs would better express drug utilisation patterns in Norway than the current units of measurement.Methods: Sales data for PKIs (ATC level L01E) by grams, cost, units and packages for 2019 were collectedfrom the Norwegian Drug Wholesales Statistics and data on number of prescriptions and prevalence for 2019were collected from the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). DDDs were calculated by applying thevalues of the new DDDs.Results: The proportions of the different substances varied according to the unit of measurement. DDDs andpackages had the highest similarity and correlated better than grams with the prevalence of use in theNorwegian population. BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors was the largest group accounting for 31% ofthe total consumption (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day) and imatinib was the most sold PKI in all units of measurement except cost.Conclusions: Using an international agreed unit of measurement gives reliability to the study result. Assignment of DDDs to PKIs will improve the quality of drug utilisation studies in this area.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42440600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A common data model for harmonization in the Nordic Pregnancy Drug Safety Studies (NorPreSS)","authors":"J. Cohen, C. Cesta, L. Kjerpeseth, M. Leinonen, Óskar Ö. Hálfdánarson, Ø. Karlstad, P. Karlsson, M. Andersen, K. Furu, V. Hjellvik","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4053","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to carry out large observational studies to generate robust evidence about the safety of drugs used during pregnancy. In the Nordic countries, nationwide population-based health registers that document all births and dispensed prescribed drugs are valuable resources for such studies. A common data model (CDM) is a data harmonization and structuring tool that enables a unified and streamlined analytic approach for studies including data from multiple countries or databases. We describe a CDM developed for the Nordic Pregnancy Drug Safety Studies (NorPreSS), including details on data sources and structure of the data tables. We also provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the approach (e.g. sharing of data analysis programs versus extra initial work to create CDM datasets from raw data).","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46634518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Norwegian Society for Pharmacoepidemiology","authors":"A. Lupattelli, Ø. Karlstad, A. Engeland, L. Småbrekke, Kristine Olsen, Aina Øvrebust, M. Waaseth","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4039","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45826135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Registry data for use in health technology assessments in Norway – Opportunities and challenges","authors":"G. Hagen, T. Wisløff","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4042","url":null,"abstract":"Decisions on uptake of medicines and medical devices on health insurance schemes are increasingly based ona health technology assessment (HTA) process. In Norway, the process has included reimbursement of outpatientmedicines for two decades. During the past years, in-patient medicines, medical devices and morerecently vaccines are all included in the HTA system. In the present article, we outline the Norwegian HTAsystem including its central components and partners. HTA as a scientific approach puts evidence on efficacy,safety and value of interventions into a broader perspective, explicitly considering relevant factors, among theselegal, ethical and organisational aspects of the intervention. Although several combinations of aspects arepossible, the most common is an assessment of the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of theintervention. Randomised controlled trials have long been considered the mainstay for assessment of clinicaleffectiveness pre-launch, while registry data have been used to inform safety post-lunch, by pharmacovigilance.Recently, we have seen a move towards more use of “real world evidence”, i.e. data from non-RCT sources,mainly from registries. A model-based approach is often used to assess cost-effectiveness, in this context,different types of evidence from different sources are often synthesized. In this paper we describe the centralcomponents of HTA with special emphasis on different observational data sources, such as the unique Norwegianhealth registries. We finally speculate on future directions for use of observational data in HTA, both in aglobal and Norwegian setting.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48107527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INSPIRE: A new opportunity for cancer pharmacoepidemiology research","authors":"E. Enerly, Lena Holmstrøm, Anna Skog, K. O. Knudsen, J. Nygård, B. Møller, G. Ursin","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4043","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, there has been limited overview of the hospital administered cancer medications. The Cancer Registry of Norway has the approval to collect data on medical oncology treatment provided to each patient, but the reporting has so far been manual, time consuming and incomplete. Apart from conducting costly chart reviews, it has not been possible to carry out studies on hospital administered cancer medications. Efforts trying to improve manual reporting have not been sufficient and the most effective way of collecting data on cancer medications is through the hospital systems used for ordering/administering medical oncological treatment. The INSPIRE (INcreaSe PharmaceutIcal REporting) project was initiated to automatically and electronically collect data on cancer medication from the hospitals systems to the Cancer Registry. The project is a unique collaboration between 12 pharmaceutical companies, the Association of Pharmaceutical Companies in Norway, the Norwegian Cancer Society, Inven2, the Cancer Registry of Norway and the four Regional Health Trusts. In this article we describe the INSPIRE project, the data collection, and when and what kind of data that will be available. These new medication data at the Cancer Registry provide new opportunities for cancer pharmacoepidemiology research in Norway.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46055123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An 11-year nationwide registry-linkage study of opioid maintenance treatment in pregnancy in Norway","authors":"I. Odsbu, M. Mahic, S. Skurtveit, I. Lund, M. Handal","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4047","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We aimed to describe opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) to pregnant women in Norway and study thebackground characteristics of the pregnant women compared to the general population of pregnant women andto a previous clinical cohort study of OMT in pregnancy.Methods: Population-based cohort study with linked data from the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry, theNorwegian Prescription Database, the Norwegian Patient Registry, and Statistics Norway. The study populationconsisted of women giving birth between 2005-2015 in Norway. We defined OMT pregnancies as pregnancieswhere the woman was dispensed OMT medications (methadone, buprenorphine, or buprenorphine/naloxone) at least once during pregnancy.Results: The study population consisted of 420,808 women with 645,440 pregnancies ending in a live birth inNorway in 2005-2015 (the general pregnant population). Of these, 261 women (0.6‰) had altogether 306OMT pregnancies. The mean number of pregnancies was 28 OMT pregnancies per year and quite stable duringthe study period. Women with OMT pregnancies were older, smoked tobacco more frequently, had lowereducation, and fewer of them had a partner, compared to the general population of pregnant women. In mostpregnancies, the women were treated with buprenorphine (n=183 (59.8%)), while in 120 (39.2%) pregnancies,the woman received methadone. From 2008, buprenorphine replaced methadone as the most frequently useddrug. In only 38 (12.4%) pregnancies, OMT treatment was initiated in pregnancy. In 201 (66%) pregnancies,the woman used OMT medications in all trimesters. For these women, the mean amount of dispensed drug was3.4 DDD/day (85 mg/day) in pregnancy for methadone and 1.9 DDD/day (15.2 mg/day) for buprenorphine.Conclusion: The number of OMT pregnancies per year has been low and stable in the period 2005-2015.Following Norwegian recommendations, there has been a shift from treatment with methadone towardsbuprenorphine. The women receiving OMT during pregnancy had more risk factors for adverse outcomes thanthe general pregnant population but were quite similar to the previous clinical cohort.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42354512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial use by birth year and birth season in children 0-2 years in Norway","authors":"Sanna Beckstrøm, K. Svendsen, L. Småbrekke","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4044","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Consumption of antibacterials in children follows seasonal cycles, and time to first treatment depends on birth season. The aim of this study was to describe dispensing rate, one-year periodic prevalence, and age at first prescription in children aged 0-2 years in Norway.Methods: We used data from the Norwegian prescription database and included all dispensed prescriptions on systemic antibacterials in 2008-2017 during the first three years of life to children born 2005-2014. We calculated age by subtracting birth month and birth year from date of collection of prescription. We used multiple linear regression to investigate the effect of birth season on age at first dispensed prescription.Results: We included 714 262 prescriptions to 281 888 individuals (53.1% boys). In 2016, one-year-old boys had the highest periodic prevalence (35.6%) and the highest dispense rate (545/1000 individuals), followed by one-year-old girls (32.6%, 478/1000 individuals). The lowest prevalence and dispense rate in all age groups was found towards the end of the period. Winter months had the highest proportion of dispensed prescriptions, and children born in autumn were significantly younger when collecting their first prescription. On average, boys collected their first prescription 26 days younger compared to girls.Conclusion: One-year-olds have the highest periodic prevalence and the highest dispense rate. This contrast with results from other studies on Norwegian data and is probably attributed to our use of birth month for calculation of age. Children born in autumn were younger when collecting their first prescription compared to other birth seasons. It is unknown whether this has any long-term clinical implications.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmakoepidemiologi – et fagfelt i stadig utvikling","authors":"I. Buajordet, Helle Wallach Kildemoes, R. Selmer, Marit Waaseth","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4038","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48657542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical care contact for infertility and related medication use during pregnancy – a European, cross-sectional web-based study","authors":"Miljana Ilic, H. Nordeng, A. Lupattelli","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4051","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of the study was two-fold: i) to determine the prevalence of medical care contact for infertility in European countries; ii) to map overall and long-term/chronic medication use during pregnancy in women who sought medical care due to infertility.Methods: This is a sub-study of the Multinational Medication Use in Pregnancy Study, a cross-sectional, web-based study conducted from October 2011 to February 2012. We included 8097 participants from Europe who were pregnant or new mothers. We collected data on overall and long-term/chronic medication use, medical care seeking due to infertility, and whether women eventually conceived spontaneously or with the aid of infertility treatment.Results: Medical care contact for infertility was lower in Western Europe (prevalence estimate: 10.0-15.3%), compared with Northern (15.2-17.5%) or Eastern (17.4-20.9%), but Poland had the lowest estimate (8.0%). Overall, 660 (8.2%) women sought medical care due to infertility but conceived spontaneously; 548 (6.8%) conceived aided by fertility treatment, and 6889 (85.0%) women did not seek help. Use of any medication was comparable across the three groups (range 80.4-82.5%), but women seeking help for infertility (21.8-24.6%) took more often long-term/chronic medications than women who did not (14.8%).Conclusion: Medical care contacts for infertility varies greatly across European countries. Women who had medical contact due to infertility used more often chronic medications in pregnancy than women who did not, pointing to more co-morbidities and risk pregnancies.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal contraceptive use in Norway, 2006-2020, by contraceptive type, age and county: A nationwide register-based study","authors":"K. Furu, Ellen Barth Aares, V. Hjellvik, Ø. Karlstad","doi":"10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4046","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Our aim was to study hormonal contraceptive use among women in Norway during 2006-2020 according to age groups and geography, including choice of contraceptive method, type of prescriber for long-acting reversible contraceptives, and prescriber’s adherence to the national health authority recommendations.Material and methods: We conducted a nationwide drug utilization study including all women aged 16-49 years in Norway during 2006-2020. The Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) includes detailed information about all dispensed prescription medications from Norwegian pharmacies to individuals in ambulatory care, including year of dispensing, patient’s year of birth and county of residence, and the prescriber’s profession.Results: This study shows a slight increase in overall use of hormonal contraceptives among 16-49-year-olds during 2006-2018, increasing from 36% of the population to 40%. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) was the most commonly used hormonal contraceptive method in all age groups. The use of COCs decreased during the period and the decline was greatest in those below 25 years. From 2016 80% of all new users of COCs received the recommended COC containing levonorgestrel. Use of estrogen-free contraceptives, long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and gestagen pills, has increased. After 2014 the use of LARCs, especially subdermal implant, increased steeply among younger women. Oslo had the lowest proportion of users of hormonal contraceptives among teenagers and young adults during the whole period, while among 30-49-yearolds Oslo was more in line with the other counties.Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptives (COC) was the most used hormonal contraceptive method in all age groups. However, the use of COCs decreased during the period, especially in those < 25 years, where a corresponding increase in the use of LARC has taken place, mainly from 2014 onwards. Four out of five women who initiated COC received the recommended COC type and the steep increase in use of estrogen-free LARCs in recent years implies that Norwegian prescribers have high compliance with the recommendations from the health authorities.","PeriodicalId":35548,"journal":{"name":"Norsk Epidemiologi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}