Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production最新文献

{"title":"EFFECT OF SOME MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON BROILER PERFORMANCE","authors":"A. Enab, F. Abdou, G. Zanaty","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127521","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted in special poultry farm, Shibin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate. The experiment was extended from Aril 2014 to May. 2015. The great object of this study was to determine the effect genotype (strains) and some environmental factors (such litters, feed forms and in additions ages effects) on production and economical efficiency of broiler production in Menoufia Government. One density was applied in open system, 10 birds/m2. All birds were reared on land with two litter types (sawdust and straw) with thickness 10 cm. The dormitories were 120m2. The total No. of birds were 1200 which were presented in farm, two strains, Cobb 500 (600 birds) and Ross 308 (600 birds) at two reared seasons. \u0000 \u0000- The studied traits were as follow: \u0000Body weights at different ages, growth rates, feed consumption (FC) (kg per bird/cycle), feed conversion ratio FCR, mortality and uniformity. \u0000The results indicated that all traits were significantly affected by strains, Litters and feed forms and ages.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122955632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON CALVES PERFORMANCE","authors":"S. H. El-kaschab, S. Omar, E. Ghonaim","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127519","url":null,"abstract":"Records of 3691 growing Holstein Friesian calves, from birth up to weaning (born in a period from 2013 to 2019), belonging to commercial farm named El-Baiomy dairy farm located in Gamasa-Dakahlia Province- Egypt were used in this study. Data collected included management factors such as dam effect (dry period, parity, calving interval and previous milk production) and calves management (Housing system, suckling system, season and gender) and their effects on calves' performance (birth weight (kg), weaning weight (kg), weaning age (day) and daily gain (kg/day)). There were no significant effects in dry period length, parity, calving interval and previous milk production of dam on calf's performance. The lowest birth weight found to be in first parity cows (31.63 kg), while the heaviest one was found to be in third parity cows (33.00 kg). The lowest calves birth weight (30.40kg) was produced by high yielder cows (>11 ton). While it was been 31.71kg for calves belonging to cows with low (< 9 ton) milk production. There was significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of housing system, suckling system and seasons of calving on weaning age and daily gain of calves. The lowest birth weight was been in winter (31.34 kg) however the heaviest one was been in winter (93.88 kg). The heaviest birth weight was been in male (32.93 kg) but female was 31.63 kg only. On the other hand weaning age found to be 81.31 and 79.14 days in female and male respectively. \u0000 \u0000In addition, a supplementary study has been made to explain management systems of calves raised in some Egyptian villages using field survey. Data of 267 questionnaires (3458 Animals) have been recorded and analyzed to study calf's management systems in different farms located in Nile delta.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132074691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ADDING DRY YEAST OR ASPERGILLUS AWAMORIAS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS TO DIETS CONTAINING OXIDIZED PALM OIL ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GIMMIZAH LAYING HENS","authors":"A. Ashour, G. Zanaty, Esraa Y. F. Ata Alah","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"605 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133200578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF USING SOME FATTY ACIDS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CHICKENS","authors":"A. El-Fiky, G. Zanaty, M. K. A. El-naga","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.127524","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in private commercial broilers of farm at Berket EL-Saab city, Menoufia governorate, Egypt, throughout the experimental period the (May to June 2019). The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of adding two vegetable oils, linseed or sunflower, in broiler diets, on growth performance, some blood components, some carcass traits, immune and economic efficiency. A total number of one hundred and eighty, one day old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were individually weighed, wing banded, and randomly assigned to three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) nearly similar in average body weight, (3 replicates pens of 20 birds each ˷ 42g). Two vegetable oils, linseed or sunflower, were added at the level 3% in broiler diets. The experimental groups were follows: T1: Control (basal diet without oil), T2: basal diet with 3% linseed oil and T3: basal diet with 3% sunflower oil. The results revealed that body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index were improved significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with addition of vegetable oils from 0 - 35 days of age compared to the control birds. Birds fed linseed oil had higher values of white blood cells (WBCs), total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipo-protein (HDL), while low density lipo-protein (LDL) was the lowest value compared to the other groups. Linseed or sunflower oils addition significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased abdominal fat and liver %, while dressing percentage, heart and gizzard % was not affected. Immune organs proportion (spleen, thymus and bursa %) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased when birds received linseed oil supplement compared to birds fed on sunflower oil or basal diet (control). Chicks fed linseed oil treatment recorded the highest relative economic efficiency (108.20 %), followed by the chicks fed on sunflower oil (103.28), considering the control group as 100%. \u0000 \u0000It could be concluded that the supplementation of 3% linseed oil to the broiler diets can be used with no adverse effects. It will act improving body weight, feed conversion ratio, performance index, increasing the proportion of immune organs and relative economical efficiency, under the same conditions of this study.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125237328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF MANAGING REARING CALVES ON THEIR PERFORMANCE IN A COMMERCIAL HOLSTEIN FRIESIAN FARM","authors":"S. Elkaschab, S. Omar, E. Ghoneim, A. Ghanem","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122558","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in a commercial cattle farm named El-Baiomy dairy farm located in GamasaDakahlia province-Egypt to evaluate the effect of management system on calves performance. Records of 3691 Holstein Friesian calves were used in this study from 2013 up to 2019. This study included management factors such as dam effect (dry period, parity, calving interval and previous milk production) and calves management (housing system, suckling system, season and gender) and their effects on birth weight (kg), weaning weight (kg), weaning age (day) and daily gain (kg). There was significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) of housing system, suckling system and season of calving on weaning age and daily gain of calves. The lowest birth weight was reported in winter (31.34 kg) however, the heaviest one was reported in winter (93.88 kg). The heaviest birth weight was reported in male (32.93 kg) but female was 31.63 kg only. On the other hand weaning age found to be 81.31 and 79.14 days in female and male, respectively. There were no significant effects (P˃ 0.05) in dry period length, parity, calving interval and previous milk production of dam on calf's performance. The lowest birth weight was found to be in first parity cows (31.63 kg), while the heaviest one was found to be in third parity cows (33.00 kg).","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENERGY BALANCE UNDER RESTRICTED FEEDING IN RUMINANTS","authors":"K. Abdel-Rahman, H. Taie, A. Askar","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122561","url":null,"abstract":"Forty-eight adult local desert non-pregnant and non-lactating females, age 4-5 yrs.; Barki sheep (n= 16 and average body weight 34.53 ±1.56 kg), Balady goats (n= 16 and average body weight 31.11 ± 1.63 kg), and Shami goats (n=16 and average body weight 28.08±0.92 kg) were used to study effects of long-term restricted feeding regime on body weight changes and balance of energy and protein. Animals of each species were allocated to two levels of feed intake; control feeding treatment (CON) where animals fed a diet at a level of feeding to meet approximately the metabolizable energy for maintenance requirement (MEm), while those on the other dietary treatment was fed almost 50% of these quantities on a BW basis, termed as the restricted treatment (restricted; RES). Alfalfa hay and concentrate feed mixture (50:50% as DM basis) were given based on requirement recommendations. The results could be summarized as follows: \u0000 \u00001-Comparison between Balady goats (BG) and Sheep (SH): \u0000The ADG was not affected (P<0.05) by animal species (BG vs. SH), however, it was affected (P<0.01) by feed intake level where the RES animal group showed a negative ADG (-65.6 g/d) compared with the CON group that achieved positive ADG (36.4 g/d). Both of SH and BG had similar negative energy balance (EB) values (67.0 vs. 61.4 KJ/ kg0.75/d, for BG and SH respectively). Nitrogen balance (NB) was greater (P<0.01) for SH (107.64 mg/kg0.75/d ) vs. BG (89.47 mg/kg0.75/d) and was greater (P<0.01) for animals fed on CON intake (251.47 vs. 208.55 mg/kg0.75/d, respectively) than those fed on RES intake (-36.18 vs. -29.62 mg/kg0.75/d, respectively), which gave a negative NB. \u00002.Comparison between Balady goats (BG)and Shami goats (SG): \u0000The ADG was not affected (P< 0.05) by animal species (BG vs. SG) being corresponding values 45.1 and 40.6 g/d respectively. However, ADG was affected (P< 0.001) by feed intake level where the RES animal group showed a negative ADG (-55.6 g/d) compared with the CON group that achieved positive ADG (30.1 g/d). Under CON intake, EB was an insignificant decrease in SG compared to BG. However, under RES intake both BG and SG had a negative energy balance (kJ/kg0.75/day) and it was lower (P<0.01) in SG than that in BG. Animals fed on the CON intake level had a greater (P<0.01) value for EB compared to those fed on RES intake and the latter gave a negative balance. Nitrogen balance (NB, mg/kg0.75/day) was a trend to be greater (P<0.10) for SG vs. BG. Also, animals under the CON intake level captured more nitrogen than their counterparts, which lost a large amount of nitrogen. Also, the retention N was increased (P<0.01) in SG than BG under the CON intake level, however, all breeds were lost N under the RES intake level especially in SG (-76.37) followed by BG (-29.62). \u0000It could be concluded that with hot conditions, sheep may have an advantage in a decreased Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) requirement and reduction in heat production of a magnitude ade","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF SOME HERBAL FEED ADDITIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS","authors":"A. Abou-Ashour, S. A. El-Rahman, M. K. A. El-naga","doi":"10.21608/MJAPFP.2020.171552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/MJAPFP.2020.171552","url":null,"abstract":"The present experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves powder on the performance, some blood serum components, some histomorphological measurements and economic efficiency of broiler chickens. A total of 225 Cobb unsexed one - day old broiler chicks, were distributed at random into 5 treatments each in 3 replicates, 15 chicks each. Moringa Oleifera leaves powder (MOL) was added at the levels of 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% to low crud protein diet (LCP, 20 and 17%, negative control) compared to the normal crud protein (23 and 20%, positive control), respectively at the starter (1- 21 d) and at the finisher (22- 35d) period.  \u0000 \u0000Results indicated that, chicks fed the low crude protein diet supplemented with Moringa Oliefera leaves powder (MOL) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher body weight, body weight gain, daily feed intake and performance index. Feed conversion ratio, European efficiency index and relative economic efficiency were also improved with the supplementation. Chicks fed low crude protein diet supplemented with 0.25 or 0.50% MOL have the highest dressing weight (1753 and 1738g) with no significant differences between them compared and increased serum total protein and glucose levels, while significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and aspartic transaminase (AST) enzyme compared to the other treatments with increasing the levels of MOL up to 0.50%.  Morphological sections of small intestine revealed that villi height, width and height: width ratios were increased by the supplementation of different levels of MOLM (0.25 and 0.50%) but not significant except in duodenum villi width and in the ration between height and width. \u0000In general, the obtained results indicated that supplementation of 0.25% Moringa Oliefera Leaves, MOL can be used in broiler diets with low protein level to get the heaviest weight, best feed conversion, performance index, due to an increase in small intestinal absorption and activity. This, in turn, resulted in an increase in European efficiency index and economic efficiency under the experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131796436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ADDING LINSEED OR SUNFLOWER OILS TO DIETS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKS","authors":"A. E. Fiky, G. Zanaty, M. K. A. E. Naga","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122559","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out in a private commercial broilers farm at Berket EL-Saab city, Menoufia governorate, Egypt, during the period from May to June 2019. The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of adding two vegetable oils, linseed or sunflower, in broiler diets, on growth performance, some blood components, some carcass traits, immunity and economic efficiency. A total number of one hundred and eighty, one day old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used in this study. Chicks were individually weighed, wing banded and randomly assigned to three treatments (T1, T2 and T3), 3 replicates pens of 20 birds each nearly similar in average body weight (42g). Two vegetable oils, linseed or sunflower, were added at the level of 3% in broiler diets. The experimental groups were as follows: T1: Control (basal diet without oil), T2: basal diet with 3% linseed oil and T3: basal diet with 3% sunflower oil. Results revealed that body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and performance index were significantly improved (P ≤ 0.05) with the addition of vegetable oils from 1 - 35 days of age compared to the control birds. Birds fed linseed oil had higher values of white blood cells (WBCs), total cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipo-protein (HDL), while low density lipo-protein (LDL) was the lowest value compared to the other groups. Linseed or sunflower oils addition significantly and liver %, while dressing percentage, heart and gizzard % were not affected. Immune organs proportion (spleen, thymus and bursa %) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased when birds received linseed oil supplement compared to birds fed sunflower oil supplement or basal diet (control). Chicks fed linseed oil treatment recorded the highest relative economic efficiency (108.20 %), followed by chicks fed sunflower oil (103.28), considering the control group as 100%. \u0000 It could be concluded that supplementation of 3% linseed oil to the broiler diets can be used with no adverse effects, and with improving body weight, feed conversion ratio, performance index and increasing the proportion of immune organs and relative economical efficiency.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130376761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF SOME HERBAL FEED ADDITIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS","authors":"A. Ashour, S. Rahman, M. K. A. E. Naga","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENERGY AND NITROGEN BALANCES AS AFFECTED BY ANIMAL SPECIES AND INTAKE LEVEL UNDER DESERT CONDITIONS","authors":"A. Askar, K. M. A. Rahman, H. Taie, K. Kewan","doi":"10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/mjapfp.2020.122557","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty-two adult dry females, age 4-5 yrs.; Balady goats (n= 16 and average body weight 31.11 ± 1.63 kg) and Barki sheep (n= 16 and average body weight 34.53 ±1.56 kg) were used to study effects of long-term restricted feeding regime on body weight changes and balance of energy and protein. Animals of each species were allocated to two levels of feed intake; control feeding treatment (CON) where animals were fed a diet at a level of feeding to meet approximately the metabolizable energy for maintenance requirement (MEm), while those on the other dietary treatment was fed almost 50% of these quantities on a BW basis, termed as the restricted treatment (restricted; RES). Alfalfa hay and concentrate feed mixture (50:50% as DM basis) were given based on requirement recommendations. The results could be summarized as follows: The ADG was not affected (P<0.05) by animal species (BG vs. SH), however, it was affected (P<0.01) by feed intake level where the RES animal group showed a negative ADG (-65.6 g/d) compared with the CON group that achieved positive ADG (36.4 g/d). Both of SH and BG had similar negative energy balance (EB) values (67.0 vs. 61.4 KJ/ kg 0.75 /d, for BG and SH respectively). Nitrogen balance (NB) was greater (P<0.01) for SH (107.64 mg/kg 0.75 /d ) vs. BG (89.47 mg/kg 0.75 /d) and was greater (P<0.01) for animals fed on CON intake (251.47 vs. 208.55 mg/kg 0.75 /d, respectively) than those fed on RES intake (-36.18 vs. -29.62 mg/kg 0.75 /d, respectively), which gave a negative NB. It could be concluded that with desert conditions, sheep may have an advantage in a decreasing Metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm) requirement and reduction in heat production of a magnitude adequate to maintain body weight. There is a similar rate of using the energy between sheep and goats with moderate or limited nutrition planes.","PeriodicalId":355358,"journal":{"name":"Menoufia Journal of Animal Poultry and Fish Production","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125650036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}