Huda M. Muhammad, Nahida Hama Ameen Ahmed, Gasha S. Ahmed, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Sabah J. Hassan, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed, Snur Othman, Sanaa O. Karim, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Yousif M. Mahmood, Hawbash M. Rahim
{"title":"Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal) in COVID-19: A Review","authors":"Huda M. Muhammad, Nahida Hama Ameen Ahmed, Gasha S. Ahmed, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Sabah J. Hassan, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed, Snur Othman, Sanaa O. Karim, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Yousif M. Mahmood, Hawbash M. Rahim","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnant women represent a vulnerable population due to their altered immune response, potentially leading to increased susceptibility and severity of infections. The COVID-19 infection might increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this population, however, to date, it has not been established whether SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to these outcomes as differing conclusions have been made by the published studies and reviews. This comprehensive review explores the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes, encompassing maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. The current literature reports higher rates of adverse maternal outcomes among pregnant women with COVID-19, this includes increased rates of cesarean section, preeclampsia, and elevated risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and maternal death. Fetal and neonatal outcomes are also influenced by COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Findings suggest an elevated risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, and Neonatal ICU admissions among newborns of mothers with COVID-19. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, such as the Delta variant, raises concerns about their potential impact on more adverse outcomes compared to the wild type. Vaccination has demonstrated safety and efficacy in pregnant women, providing a potential preventive measure against COVID-19. However, the potential impact of vaccination on adverse pregnancy outcomes requires further investigation. To address current knowledge gaps, future research should also focus on long-term effects, fertility considerations, child development, and the impact of emerging variants. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124388415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebaz M. Ali, F. Kakamad, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shalaw H. Abdulla, Shaho F. Ahmed, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Marwan N. Hassan, S. J. Hasan, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Berun A. Abdalla, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hawbash M. Rahim
{"title":"Pembrolizumab (Anti-PD-1) in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma: A systematic review of the current literature","authors":"Rebaz M. Ali, F. Kakamad, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Shalaw H. Abdulla, Shaho F. Ahmed, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Marwan N. Hassan, S. J. Hasan, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Berun A. Abdalla, Rawezh Q. Salih, Hawbash M. Rahim","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.34","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an infrequent and aggressive type of cancer that is difficult to treat, and standard therapies have shown limited effectiveness. There have been recent advances in the development of targeted therapies for malignant pleural mesothelioma, including immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. This is a systematic review of the current role of pembrolizumab in the treatment of this disease. A systematic search was conducted through the databases and search engines. The eligible studies to be included were those that primarily focused on the outcomes of treating this disease with pembrolizumab, regardless of study design, line of therapy, mode of therapy, and ECOG performance status. After the initial and full-text screenings, 15 studies were reviewed. The number of cases was 454 with a mean age of 68.13 years, of which males (79.7%) were the predominant gender. Most of the cases were affected by epithelioid mesothelioma (76.7%). Pembrolizumab had been used as the first line of treatment in 62 (13.7%) cases. In 92.73% of cases, the therapy mode was pembrolizumab monotherapy. A total of 68 different adverse events were recorded. The most commonly associated adverse events were fatigue (14.8%), pruritis/rash (13.7%), and diarrhea (9.7%). Two patients died due to adverse events. The overall objective response was 17.8%, stable disease was 35.7%, progression-free survival was about 47.6% with a mean of 4.73 months, and 117 cases (25.8%) could reach treatment-related survival. Pembrolizumab can serve as a viable alternative in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma, offering satisfactory outcomes and acceptable safety profiles","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127613756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okba F. Ahmed, Omar Modhafer Hamodat, Fakher Abdullah, Muhammad Hassan Ali, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Rawezh Q. Salih, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed
{"title":"Capitonnage method for surgical management of pulmonary hydatid cysts: A retrospective study","authors":"Okba F. Ahmed, Omar Modhafer Hamodat, Fakher Abdullah, Muhammad Hassan Ali, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Rawezh Q. Salih, Suhaib H. Kakamad, Bnar J. Hama Amin, Berun A. Abdalla, Shvan H. Mohammed","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hydatid disease of the lung, which is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is commonly found in Mediterranean countries. Surgery is the primary mode of treatment for patients with pulmonary hydatid disease. This study aims to assess the efficacy of capitonnage in the management of the condition.\u0000Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between February 2017 and December 2019. Patients with different presentations of pulmonary hydatid disease were treated surgically with cyst enucleation and capitonnage technique. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, in a lateral position.\u0000Results: A total of 118 patients with pulmonary hydatid cysts were included in this study. There were 73 (61.9%) male and 45 (38.1%) female, with a mean age of 30 years. More than one-third (45 patients) were asymptomatic, and 73 (61.9%) complained of chest pain, cough, and/or respiratory distress. Forty-nine patients (41.5%) had right lung involvement. No death occurred in this study.\u0000Conclusion: when the capitonnage technique is carefully applied to the folds of the pericystic tissue, the rate of atelectasis and distortion is very low and may reduce the risk of postoperative air leaks.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122211372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus; a rare but growing disease; a systematic review","authors":"Ranj A. hasan, Fakher Abdullah, Bokan Talib Saeed","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Pilonidal sinus disease (PND) is an inflammatory condition originated from hair penetration into the epidermis. In this condition, a blind tract will be formed which is lined by granulation tissues (1). The clinical signs are the same spectrum of signs and symptoms of inflammation including pain, hotness, erythema and tenderness, some times it present as a intermittent purulent discharge (2, 3). Usually it appears in the sacrococcygeal region of those persons with prolong sitting like the drivers (Faruq). Several techniques have been practiced as a management strategy of PND. These includes removal of the hairs and cotton-like dirties in an outpatient clinics and excision with or without flaps. General, regional or local anesthesia has been used int the intervention (7). Recently, non-operative management has been increasingly discussed in the literature (salih myoclinic). Several non-sacorcoccygeal PNDs have been reported in literature including small case series and case reports (5- 8). This type of PNS sometime misdiagnosed as other disease (basal cell-PNS). Clinical courses and management options of non-sacrococcygeal PND have never been agreed on by the experts. The aim of this review is to collect, analyse, present and discuss the management of PND occurring in the body other than sacrococcygeal regions.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128791525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulwahid M. Salih, Lana R. A. Pshtiwan, Ari M. Abdullah, Aras J. Qaradakhy, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Halkawt Omer Ali, Karzan M. Salih, Hawbash M. Rahim, Berun A. Abdalla, Marwan N. Hassan, Shvan H. Mohammed
{"title":"Carcinoma arising from fibroadenoma; presentation and management; a case series","authors":"Abdulwahid M. Salih, Lana R. A. Pshtiwan, Ari M. Abdullah, Aras J. Qaradakhy, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Halkawt Omer Ali, Karzan M. Salih, Hawbash M. Rahim, Berun A. Abdalla, Marwan N. Hassan, Shvan H. Mohammed","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Although fibroadenomas is benign lesions, malignancy can occur in extremely rare cases; The aim of the current study is to report a case series of rare combinations of two breast tumors (carcinoma in situ within fibroadenoma).\u0000Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. The cases were managed in a single private center. They were evaluated and treated during the four years (January 2018-May 2022). It included all patients who had a fibroadenoma with malignant changes. Data, including the patient’s age, gender, marital status, past medical history, family history, ultrasound findings, mammography, fine needle aspiration (if available), and histopathological examination, were obtained from the center's database system.\u0000Results: There were a total of nine cases. The mean age was 41 years, with a range of 31-51 years. Eight (88.9%) of them were housewives, and just one (11.1%) was a teacher. only one (11.1%) of them was a smoker, and one (11.1%) had a family history of breast cancer. Breast mass was the most common presentation in eight (88.9%)) cases. In seven (77.8%) cases, a lumpectomy with wide local excision was performed, and in two (22.2%) cases, a mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection was conducted. Six (66.7%) of them had ductal carcinoma in situ in fibroadenoma, whereas the other three (33.3%) had lobular carcinoma in situ in fibroadenoma.\u0000Conclusion: Although fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast mass, it is rarely associated with malignant transformation.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132490860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bnar J. Hama Amin, Dana H. Mohammed Saeed, Hadi Mohammed Abdullah, Zana H. Mahmood, Karokh Fadhil Hamahussein, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Sabah Jalal Hasan, Sanaa O. Karim, Marwan N. Hassan, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla, Fakher Abdullah, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Jihad Ibrahim Hama, Sasan Mohammed Ahmed, Shvan H. Mohammed
{"title":"Cardiopulmonary complications following COVID-19 vaccinations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Bnar J. Hama Amin, Dana H. Mohammed Saeed, Hadi Mohammed Abdullah, Zana H. Mahmood, Karokh Fadhil Hamahussein, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Sabah Jalal Hasan, Sanaa O. Karim, Marwan N. Hassan, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla, Fakher Abdullah, Hiwa O. Abdullah, Jihad Ibrahim Hama, Sasan Mohammed Ahmed, Shvan H. Mohammed","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines were insufficient to detect uncommon adverse outcomes that are crucial for risk-benefit analyses and informing clinical practice post-vaccination. As a result, the detection of infrequent adverse events has become a global research priority. The current study aims to estimate the rate of cardiopulmonary complications associated with COVID-19 vaccination.Two databases and one search engine were explored to identify English language-related studies published up to January 2023.The literature search turned up a total of 3974 relevant studies. Of them, 37 articles matched the inclusion criteria. The mean age of patients was 26.4 years, and about 77% of them were male. The most common reported consequence was inflammatory heart disease (myo-peri-cariditis) (77%), followed by pulmonary embolism (17%), and myocardial infarction (5%). The majority of complications were reported following mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations, particularly following the administration of the second dose. Pfizer has a slightly higher risk of cardiac complications following vaccination (4.1 per 100000 persons) than Moderna (3.7 per 100,000 persons). Although cardiopulmonary complications associated with COVID-19 vaccinations are uncommon, they can be life-threatening. Therefore, more large-scale observational studies and review articles of those studies are strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ameer M. Salih, Bilal A. Mohammed, Karzan M. Hasan, Fattah H. Fattah, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Soran M. Ahmed, Honar Othman Kareem, Shvan H. Mohammed, Berun A. Abdalla
{"title":"Mitigating the Burden of meningitis outbreak; ChatGPT and Google Bard Recommendations for the general populations; general practitioners and pediatricians","authors":"Ameer M. Salih, Bilal A. Mohammed, Karzan M. Hasan, Fattah H. Fattah, Zana B. Najmadden, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Soran M. Ahmed, Honar Othman Kareem, Shvan H. Mohammed, Berun A. Abdalla","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: ChatGPT and Bard are large language models, both are artificial intelligence designed to understand natural language and generate human-like responses to text-based inputs. The aim of this study is to assess the ChatGPT and Bard Recommendations for the general populations; general practitioners and pediatricians for reducing the burden of meningitis outbreaks.\u0000Methods: We asked ChatGPT PLUS and Bard, on 5 April 2023 for their advice and recommendations in controlling the meningitis outbreak, the same question was repeated three times, one for the general population, one for the general practitioners, and the last one for the pediatricians. The responses were recorded, compared assessed.\u0000Results: ChatGPT and Bard replied to the three questions with general advice including early recognition of the disease, insisting on the vaccination, strict hygiene, infection control strategy, and staying up to date about the latest developments regarding the outbreak.\u0000Conclusion: ChatGPT and Bard have the potential to be valuable tools for the general population during outbreaks of infectious diseases. However, advanced information for professionals might be impossible to be provided by ChatGPT PLUS and Google Bard at the time being.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saif S. Almodhaffer, Okba F. Ahmed, Zaid A. Zaid, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla, Marwan N. Hassan, Shvan H. Mohammed
{"title":"Aortic root enlargement during redo Aortic valve replacement for prosthetic aortic valve dysfunction; A Case Report","authors":"Saif S. Almodhaffer, Okba F. Ahmed, Zaid A. Zaid, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Berun A. Abdalla, Marwan N. Hassan, Shvan H. Mohammed","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A variety of procedures for enlarging the aortic root have been described. The aim of the current study is to report a case of redo aortic valve replacement that underwent aortic root enlargement using a novel method.\u0000Case report: A 32-year-old female with a history of severely stenotic aortic valve prothesis developed recurrent attacks of syncope and dyspnea with minimal effort. She had a past surgical history of aortic valve repair. Under general anesthesia in the supine position, a re-sternotomy was done. The newly developed technique was used for aortic root enlargement. There were no significant intraoperative complications. The patient remained two days in the cardiac intensive care unit and 15 days in the ward.\u0000Conclusion: Modification of aortic root enlargement can increase the root by three times even in redo valve replacement. ","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114434414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soran H. Tahira, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Rezheen J. Rshid, Karzan M. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Abdulwahid M. Salih
{"title":"Behcet’s disease presenting with focal fibrosing mediastinitis and cava thrombosis; a case report with a review of the literature","authors":"Soran H. Tahira, Fahmi H. Kakamad, Dlsoz M. Hussein, Shorsh A. Mohammed, Rezheen J. Rshid, Karzan M. Salih, Shvan H. Mohammed, Hussein M. Hamasalih, Abdulwahid M. Salih","doi":"10.58742/bmj.v1i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58742/bmj.v1i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Behcet's disease is a rare, multisystemic disease characterized by vasculitis and a triad of recurrent oral and genital mucosa ulcers with uveitis. Mediastinal fibrosis is extremely rare in Behcet's disease. The aim of this paper is to report a case of Behcet’s disease presenting as mediastinal fibrosis.\u0000Case presentation: A 26-year-old male presented with a history of headaches and neck engorgement for a week duration. On physical examination, there were tender aphthous ulcers in the mouth, and one ulcer was also observed in the genitalia. Ultrasound of the neck revealed engorged internal jugular veins with a thrombus in the left one. Computed tomography confirmed the ultrasound findings. The patient was diagnosed with a case of Behcet’s disease. The patient was managed conservatively with Rivaroxaban, Prednisolone, and Ibuprofen.\u0000Conclusion: Behcet's disease can cause mediastinal fibrosis in rare cases. Computed tomography is an efficient method for detecting mediastinal fibrosis and superior vena cava thrombosis.","PeriodicalId":355355,"journal":{"name":"Barw Medical Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129061383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}