Medico-Legal Journal最新文献_第4页

A cruel case of homicide: Execution by carbonisation after sharp force trauma. 一起残忍的杀人案：锐器外伤后炭化处死。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1177/00258172251326425

Camilla Cecannecchia, Stefania De Simone, Francesco Orsini, Benedetta Baldari, Luigi Cipolloni, Andrea Cioffi

引用次数: 0

Fatal ruptured unrecognised aortic aneurysm. 致命的未被识别的破裂主动脉瘤。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258172251315552

Dubravko Habek

{"title":"Fatal ruptured unrecognised aortic aneurysm.","authors":"Dubravko Habek","doi":"10.1177/00258172251315552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258172251315552","url":null,"abstract":"Thirty years ago, a 24-year-old teacher attended hospital, suffering from persistent stomach pains, more pronounced around the navel, along with nausea; she vomited several times with several diarrhoeal stools. When admitted to the emergency room, she had normal vital normal laboratory findings, and the basic X-ray image of the abdomen did not indicate intra-abdominal perforation and ileus. On palpation, her abdomen was continuously diffusely painful, and the elastic wall had no defence musculature; there was no back pain. Given the clinical picture of a \"pseudoacute abdomen\", the patient was examined by an internist, surgeon and gynaecologist. Three hours after admission, during examination, the patient suffered a fatal cardiorespiratory arrest which did not respond to resuscitation procedures which were applied immediately and for one hour. At autopsy, an infraceliac complete asymmetrical ruptured abdominal aortal aneurysm of the posterolateral wall, 9 cm in length, was found with massive coagulum and fresh blood filling the entire retroperitoneum. Pathohistologically, a typical lesion of abdominal aortal aneurysm dissection into media with intimal fragmentation, intramural haematoma and mild atherosclerotic plaques was proven. The cause of sudden death was declared to be unknown, spontaneous, non-traumatic ruptured abdominal aortal aneurysm with massive retroperitoneal bleeding and ireversible haemorrhagic shock.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"258172251315552"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Delusional disorder and criminal responsibility: A systematic review to help improve Iranian judicial perspectives. 妄想障碍与刑事责任：有助于改善伊朗司法观点的系统回顾。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258172251314974

Seyed M Saberi, Reza H Manouchehri, Hoda B Ardestani, Seyed A Mahdavi, Elham Bazmi

引用次数: 0

Malpractice outcomes of perioperative ischaemic optic neuropathy after nonocular surgery. 非眼手术后缺血性视神经病变围手术期的医疗事故结局。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/00258172251314742

Daniel Zhu, Paras P Shah, Hannah Yoo, Rebecca L Kellner, Helena M Li, Amanda Wong, Jonathan Guevara, Howard D Pomeranz

{"title":"Malpractice outcomes of perioperative ischaemic optic neuropathy after nonocular surgery.","authors":"Daniel Zhu, Paras P Shah, Hannah Yoo, Rebecca L Kellner, Helena M Li, Amanda Wong, Jonathan Guevara, Howard D Pomeranz","doi":"10.1177/00258172251314742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258172251314742","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPerioperative vision loss following nonocular surgery is a rare but devastating complication. It typically occurs following spinal, cardiac, or head and neck procedures with ischaemic optic neuropathy being the primary cause. Despite increased understanding of potential risk factors, such as prolonged prone positioning, anaemia and hypotension, the legal implications remain underexplored. This study investigates malpractice litigation outcomes related to perioperative ischaemic optic neuropathy in the US.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of US malpractice cases involving perioperative ischaemic optic neuropathy following nonocular surgeries using the Westlaw Database. Cases included only those with jury verdicts and settlements. Relevant data, including patient demographics, surgery performed, defendant specialties, verdicts and monetary awards were collected and analysed.Results12 cases were included. Most affected patients were males (83.3%) with a mean age of 52 years. Spinal surgery (50%) was the most common procedure, and anaesthesiology (75%) was the most commonly litigated specialty. In 75% of cases, the defence was successful; however, in 16.7% of cases, the plaintiff won, with an average inflation-adjusted award of US$4.8 million (in 2024 dollars).ConclusionMalpractice claims related to perioperative ischaemic optic neuropathy predominantly favour defendants, suggesting that this complication is often viewed as unpreventable. However, proactive risk mitigation strategies, such as optimised positioning and thorough informed consent procedures, remain crucial to improving patient care and minimising litigation risks.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"258172251314742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

External challenges for specialists dealing with forensic autopsies. 法医尸检专家面临的外部挑战。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231195733

Manoj K Mohanty, Sindhu S Sahu, Sudipta R Singh, Manas R Sahu, Rajanikanta Swain, Preetam K Lenka, Biswa M Padhy, Alagarasan Naveen

{"title":"External challenges for specialists dealing with forensic autopsies.","authors":"Manoj K Mohanty, Sindhu S Sahu, Sudipta R Singh, Manas R Sahu, Rajanikanta Swain, Preetam K Lenka, Biswa M Padhy, Alagarasan Naveen","doi":"10.1177/00258172231195733","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172231195733","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In addition to poor infrastructure, and human resource constraints, forensic medicine specialists in developing countries face many external challenges.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, type, and source of external challenges confronting them including sex, age, religion, deceased's place of residence and the number of accompanying relatives.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted between August 2020 and July 2022 at the Mortuary of AIIMS, Bhubaneswar with the approval of the ethical committee.Results: Of note, forensic medicine specialists faced external challenges in about one in five cases (20.5%). Most demands were to either minimise the autopsy procedure (n = 65) or to conduct the autopsy at inappropriate times (n = 58). The demands to minimise the autopsy procedure were significantly associated with the deceased's age (p = 0.046), religion (p = 0.010), socioeconomic class (p = 0.020) and manner of death (p = 0.019).Conclusions: Our study found that forensic medicine specialists in India face significant external challenges. Avoiding unnecessary complete autopsies, implementing night autopsies, and embracing minimally invasive autopsies are recommended to mitigate these challenges.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical analysis of the impact of early marriage on girls based on published autobiographies and a contemporary scholarly text - Īḍāḥ al-bayān fī nikāḥ al-ṣibyān. 基于已出版的自传和当代学术文本对早婚对女孩影响的批判性分析- Īḍāḥ al-bayān f ā nikāḥ al-ṣibyān。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241286642

John F Mayberry

{"title":"A critical analysis of the impact of early marriage on girls based on published autobiographies and a contemporary scholarly text - Īḍāḥ al-bayān fī nikāḥ al-ṣibyān.","authors":"John F Mayberry","doi":"10.1177/00258172241286642","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172241286642","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This work emerged from a need to better understand the \"lived experience\" of early marriage for girls and how it should impact on contemporary attitudes in the Muslim community and encourage it to support the international movement with the aim of a minimum common age of 18 years for marriage of young people.Objective: To identify from contemporary published literature, including autobiographies and religious texts dealing specifically with early marriage, the effects of early marriage on individuals and to set this as a background to the extensive literature on its medical, psychological and social impact.Participants and setting: The setting is the published words of two women and a man who were involved in early marriages and a commentary on the topic by an Ibadi theologian.Methods: The documents were identified through searching a range of databases using various search engines. Texts were then analysed for key terms describing the impact of early marriage and these were then grouped into themes.Findings: The extracts raise questions linked to the issue of consent and the role of adult coercion, including physical force and threat of harm. In practice girls are given in marriage by their guardians against their wishes and international conventions on the rights and care of children, as well as that outlined in Qur'an 4 v6.Conclusion: Modern Muslim states face a real challenge in implementing 18 as the minimum age for marriage, especially in how to manage opposition to appropriate new legislation from some traditionalist groups.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Informed consent in neurosurgery with particular reference to alternatives to proposed surgery. Updated case law including McCulloch. 神经外科的知情同意，特别参考拟议手术的替代方案。包括麦卡洛克在内的最新判例法。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241275085

Nicholas Todd, James Wright-Todd

{"title":"Informed consent in neurosurgery with particular reference to alternatives to proposed surgery. Updated case law including McCulloch.","authors":"Nicholas Todd, James Wright-Todd","doi":"10.1177/00258172241275085","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172241275085","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Informed consent is a crucial element in neurosurgical practice; failures of the consenting process are a common cause of litigation in neurosurgery and judgments that have particular relevance to neurosurgical practice will be reviewed here. Guidance for consent based upon current case law is discussed.Methods: The legal databases BAILII and WestLaw were searched using the search term \"informed consent\". The BAILII search yielded 86 abstracts, WestLaw yielded 33. There were 15 duplicates. Ten of the remaining 104 abstracts were commentaries, leaving 94 judgments. From those judgments a further 21 cases were added. A total of 115 judgments were reviewed by both authors.Results: A total of 23 judgments dealing with issues of informed consent in neurosurgical and other surgical practice were selected. The cases and their implications for neurosurgical consent are discussed below.Discussion: When proposing a surgical procedure to a competent adult, the treating surgeon must discuss the benefits, risks and alternatives to treatment with the patient. The surgeon can be guided by professional guidance from the GMC, or another professional body, and/or case law. Relevant issues include: (i) the risks and benefits of surgery; (ii) information that is accurate (or inaccurate, incorrect, missing or late information); (iii) established practice; (iv) the current state of knowledge; (v) reasonable alternative treatments; and (vi) surgery performed on a different day or by a different surgeon.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An uncommon case of self-strangulation by ligature and the importance of a crime scene visit by a forensic pathologist. 一个罕见的案件，自我勒死的案件和法医病理学家访问犯罪现场的重要性。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231164293

Aditya Anand, Manav Sharma, Vikash Chandra, Mukul Sharma, Ankit Kumar

{"title":"An uncommon case of self-strangulation by ligature and the importance of a crime scene visit by a forensic pathologist.","authors":"Aditya Anand, Manav Sharma, Vikash Chandra, Mukul Sharma, Ankit Kumar","doi":"10.1177/00258172231164293","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172231164293","url":null,"abstract":"Self-strangulation is an uncommon method of suicide. The body was found lying on the floor in front of the \"multi-gym\" inside the gym in the basement of the deceased's house. It was initially presented as a case of sudden death, but during autopsy, a ligature mark was noted over the deceased's neck and bilateral temporal regions along with findings supportive of ligature strangulation. A visit was made to the crime scene. A plausible reconstruction of events suggested that the deceased had used the metallic rope of the multi-gym for this purpose. The rope was connected to weights from one end, passed through a pulley and connected to a rod at the other end. Its width and pattern matched with the ligature mark. The deceased wound the rod end of the rope around his neck and entangled the rod to the rope over his head so that the weight attached to the other end tightened the rope around his neck and strangled him. As the rope unravelled, gravity caused the body to fall to the ground while the rope with the rod resumed its normal position due to the pull of the weight attached at the opposite end. This case is reported for its rarity and the unusual means used to commit suicide by self-strangulation.","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"25-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9390387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jaw bombs: Rampantly used indigenous explosives causing human-wildlife conflict in a few regions of India and Sri Lanka. 下颚炸弹：在印度和斯里兰卡的一些地区，肆意使用的本地爆炸物造成了人类与野生动物之间的冲突。

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241264779

Devendra Jadav

引用次数: 0

Secondary victims liability in medical negligence: Ring-fenced or unfenced? 医疗过失中的次要受害者责任：围篱还是不围篱？

Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241274437

Rachael Mulheron

引用次数: 0