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The medico-legal death investigation system in Nepal. 尼泊尔的法医死亡调查制度。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-13 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231178411
Alok Atreya, Sabnam Shrestha, Milan Bhusal, Ritesh G Menezes
{"title":"The medico-legal death investigation system in Nepal.","authors":"Alok Atreya, Sabnam Shrestha, Milan Bhusal, Ritesh G Menezes","doi":"10.1177/00258172231178411","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172231178411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Nepal, police inquests have several limitations. When they receive information about a death, the police visit the crime scene and write an inquest report. Then, they arrange for the body to be autopsied. However, most autopsies are performed by medical officers in government hospitals who lack specialised training in conducting autopsies. Although all Nepalese medical schools teach forensic medicine to undergraduate students and require them to witness some autopsies, most private institutions are not authorised to perform them. Autopsies performed without expertise can be subpar and, even when trained personnel are available, these facilities are inadequately equipped. In addition, there is a lack of sufficient manpower to provide expert medico-legal services. The Honourable Judges and District Attorneys of all district courts believe that the medico-legal reports prepared by the doctors are inappropriate, incomplete and inadequate for use as evidence in court. Moreover, the police are more concerned with establishing criminality than other aspects of medico-legal death investigation, such as autopsies. Therefore, the quality of medico-legal investigations, including death investigations, will not improve until government stakeholders recognise the importance of forensic medicine in the judiciary and for the resolution of crimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9619635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perinatal mental health and the justice delivery system in India. 印度的围产期心理健康和司法系统。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/00258172231180094
Ritika Behl, Vivek Nemane
{"title":"Perinatal mental health and the justice delivery system in India.","authors":"Ritika Behl, Vivek Nemane","doi":"10.1177/00258172231180094","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172231180094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On 20 April 2022 the Sessions Court of Greater Mumbai sentenced a postpartum depressed woman to lifetime imprisonment for abandoning and murdering her twin girl child (<i>In re: The State of Maharashtra</i>). In the absence of a diagnosis or treatment for postpartum depression at the time when the crime was committed, a plea of insanity was denied. This article considers how the absence of services for perinatal mental health in India may challenge the delivery of criminal justice in cases of infanticide.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"78-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9624572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Online-only versus printed publication. 在线出版vs印刷出版。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241251686
Eleanor Jane Turner, Diana Brahams
{"title":"Online-only versus printed publication.","authors":"Eleanor Jane Turner, Diana Brahams","doi":"10.1177/00258172241251686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00258172241251686","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":"93 1_suppl","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Right to refuse treatment upheld while advance directive failed. 在预先指示失败时，拒绝治疗的权利得到维护。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00258172241280435
Benjamin Andoh
{"title":"Right to refuse treatment upheld while advance directive failed.","authors":"Benjamin Andoh","doi":"10.1177/00258172241280435","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172241280435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The right to refuse treatment and the advance decision were two major issues that came up in <i>Re J (Blood Transfusion: Older Child: Jehovah's Witnesses)</i> [2024] EWHC 1034. This paper discusses that case in relation to (a) the meaning of the right to refuse treatment, (b) why the term, \"right\", should be replaced with \"immunity\" in the expression, \"right to refuse treatment\", (c) the limitations of that right and (d) what the advance decision is and why it was not effective in <i>Re J</i>. The paper concludes that, although the right to refuse treatment and the advance decision are important facilities under the law, they do have limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"45-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asphyxiophilic death due to masochistic behaviour in a video game addict teen: A case report and reviews. 一名电子游戏成瘾青少年因受虐行为导致窒息死亡：病例报告和评论。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221141250
Bajrang K Singh, Pawan K Maurya, Vishal S Baveja, Jitendra S Tomar, Mohit Chauhan
{"title":"Asphyxiophilic death due to masochistic behaviour in a video game addict teen: A case report and reviews.","authors":"Bajrang K Singh, Pawan K Maurya, Vishal S Baveja, Jitendra S Tomar, Mohit Chauhan","doi":"10.1177/00258172221141250","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172221141250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The disorder of internet gaming is increasingly being blamed on major psychological problems affecting youth. Action video games are enjoyable for masochists. Video game chores that practise bondage and other acts that cause pain and anoxia may be masochistic in nature in order to promote player satisfaction. Asphyxia will result in pleasure in asphyxiophilia, a dangerous and occasionally lethal form of sexual masochism. Constriction of the neck with ligature materials is a frequent method of causing hypoxia. The subject of this case study was a compulsive player of online video games. During the masochistic act, along with a recording of it, he unintentionally died. Given that he was naked, had a ligature around his neck, had his wrists and legs bound, and had two fabric-holding clamps on his scrotum, asphyxiophilia was determined to be the cause of his death. At the scene of death, neither pornographic materials nor proof of frequent use of this kind of behaviour were discovered. Along with recording, the subject's cell phone's flash was on to help with the dim lighting and he may have been videotaping these masochistic acts as part of a videogame task. The results of the autopsy, circumstantial evidence, police inquiry and witness accounts all support accidental death.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9094850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unusual cases of suicidal electrocution using a homemade device. 使用自制装置触电自杀的不寻常案例。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1177/00258172211024836
Med Amin Mesrati, Yosra Mahjoub, Marwa Boussaïd, Hiba Limem, Nouha Abdejlil, Ali Chadly, Abir Aissaoui
{"title":"Unusual cases of suicidal electrocution using a homemade device.","authors":"Med Amin Mesrati, Yosra Mahjoub, Marwa Boussaïd, Hiba Limem, Nouha Abdejlil, Ali Chadly, Abir Aissaoui","doi":"10.1177/00258172211024836","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172211024836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The common methods of suicide are hanging and poisoning. Suicidal electrocution using a homemade device is very rare. Victims usually possess knowledge of electrical circuits. Here, we report two cases of suicide by electrocution using a homemade device.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong><b>Case 1:</b> A retired electrical technician was found unresponsive in his bedroom, with two bare copper wires; one encircling the index finger of the left hand, and the other placed in the mouth. The other ends of the wires were connected to a wall plug supplying 220 V current. Forensic autopsy and microscopic findings attributed death to suicidal electrocution.<b>Case 2:</b> A 51-year-old-man was found dead in the bathroom with bare copper wires encircling both wrists and connected to a wall plug carrying 220 V current. Death scene investigation, necropsy, histological tests and toxicological screening indicated suicide by electrocution.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39202227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Asymptomatic pellet in the maxillary sinus: Medico-legal perspective. 上颌窦中的无症状颗粒：医学法律视角。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221147752
Alok Atreya, Priyanshu Yog, Ritesh G Menezes, Nishan Lamichhane, Rakshya Tiwari
{"title":"Asymptomatic pellet in the maxillary sinus: Medico-legal perspective.","authors":"Alok Atreya, Priyanshu Yog, Ritesh G Menezes, Nishan Lamichhane, Rakshya Tiwari","doi":"10.1177/00258172221147752","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172221147752","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air guns used for plinking are weapons with a short range and low velocity. Because of their low velocity, the ammunition usually enters the body without causing any immediate life-threatening complications. Lead toxicity is a potential side effect of a pellet lodged in the body. However, there are cases where blood lead level was below the reference value even after decades of an air gun pellet remaining in the body. We report a case of 40-year-old man whose X-ray of the skull revealed a metallic foreign body that appeared to be an air gun pellet in the maxillary sinus. The patient recalled receiving a gunshot wound to his left cheek ten years ago. The wound healed, the pain subsided, and the patient was symptom-free, so he did not seek medical attention. The present case study illustrates the incidental finding of impacted foreign body and its medico-legal aspects in the Nepalese context.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"65-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sudden death of a post-partum female with anomalous origin of the coronary artery with bicuspid aortic valve. 一名患有冠状动脉起源异常和主动脉瓣双瓣的产后女性猝死。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1177/00258172211060688
Harshal R Thube, Mandar R Sane
{"title":"Sudden death of a post-partum female with anomalous origin of the coronary artery with bicuspid aortic valve.","authors":"Harshal R Thube, Mandar R Sane","doi":"10.1177/00258172211060688","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172211060688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modern techniques have enabled routine diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects, notwithstanding, there will be some that remain undiagnosed and asymptomatic until adulthood. But this is rarely the case with the patent foramen ovale, with the anomalous aortic origin of the left main coronary artery and bicuspid aortic valve. This case describes the sudden death of a female in her post-partum period due to cardiac tamponade following a ruptured aneurysm of the coronary artery at its origin at the sinus of Valsalva. Autopsy shows patent foramen ovale findings and anomalous aortic origin of coronary artery (AAOCA) and bicuspid aortic valve. The association of AAOCA with bicuspid aortic valve and patent foramen ovale is rare.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"42-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39916812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heat exertion precipitating shock and death in a case of previously undiagnosed sickle-cell disease. 一例先前未确诊的镰状细胞病患者因热力消耗导致休克和死亡。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221114567
Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Amanda Christina Pinto, Jyoti R Kini, Hema Kini, Matthew Antony Manoj, Tanya Singh
{"title":"Heat exertion precipitating shock and death in a case of previously undiagnosed sickle-cell disease.","authors":"Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Amanda Christina Pinto, Jyoti R Kini, Hema Kini, Matthew Antony Manoj, Tanya Singh","doi":"10.1177/00258172221114567","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172221114567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic condition characterized by the presence of a mutated form of haemoglobin (HbS). HbS polymerises into long needle-like fibres under low oxygen conditions, leading to the erythrocytes forming sickle shaped red blood cells. With repeated sickling, the red blood cells become irreversibly sickled and trapped within the circulation, and this leads to vaso-occlusive crisis. The patient, a 25-year-old female, previously undiagnosed with SCD, presented with high grade fever, splenomegaly and succumbed due to heat exertion precipitating sickling crisis, multiorgan failure and shock.</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"46-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33468601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zero tolerance for ragging - a juridical must-know for all. 对肆意欺凌零容忍--人人必知的司法常识。
Medico-Legal Journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221144161
Harish Dasari, Mohit Chauhan, Amandeep Singh
{"title":"Zero tolerance for ragging - a juridical must-know for all.","authors":"Harish Dasari, Mohit Chauhan, Amandeep Singh","doi":"10.1177/00258172221144161","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00258172221144161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper highlights the background to the legislation passed in India to curb the menace of ragging and offers an insight into the serious issues associated with this heinous practice and the liabilities for administrators when it happens. We aim to achieve the goal of \"zero tolerance for ragging\".</p>","PeriodicalId":35529,"journal":{"name":"Medico-Legal Journal","volume":" ","pages":"82-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10564428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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