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Eye Disease and Development 眼病与发育
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-31 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1923576
T. B. Andersen, Carl‐Johan Dalgaard, Pablo Selaya
{"title":"Eye Disease and Development","authors":"T. B. Andersen, Carl‐Johan Dalgaard, Pablo Selaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1923576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1923576","url":null,"abstract":"This research advances the hypothesis that cross-country variation in the historical incidence of eye disease has influenced the current global distribution of per capita income. The theory is that pervasive eye disease diminished the incentive to accumulate skills, thereby delaying the fertility transition and the take-off to sustained economic growth. In order to estimate the influence from eye disease incidence empirically, we draw on an important fact from the field of epidemiology: Exposure to solar ultraviolet B radiation (UVB-R) is an underlying determinant of several forms of eye disease; the most important being cataract, which is currently the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Using a satellite-based measure of UVB-R, we document that societies more exposed to UVB-R are poorer and underwent the fertility transition with a significant delay compared to the forerunners. These findings are robust to the inclusion of an extensive set of climate and geography controls. Moreover, using a global data set on economic activity for all terrestrial grid cells we show that the link between UVB-R and economic development survives the inclusion of country fixed effect.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Buddhism, Ethical Economy and Development Buddhism in the Modern World and Involvement in the Development Process 佛教、伦理经济与发展:现代世界的佛教及其对发展进程的参与
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1916126
S. Thapa
{"title":"Buddhism, Ethical Economy and Development Buddhism in the Modern World and Involvement in the Development Process","authors":"S. Thapa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1916126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1916126","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about Buddhist economy focusing on ethical behaviour. At the same it also discusses on Buddhism and development.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Economic Impact of Microcredit in a Region of Southern Tunisia 突尼斯南部地区小额信贷的经济影响
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-12 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1908668
Nahla Dhib
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Microcredit in a Region of Southern Tunisia","authors":"Nahla Dhib","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1908668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1908668","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper examines the economic effect of micro credit in the south zone of Tunisia. This service represents a means to alleviate the situation of financial exclusion. Thus, our analysis is based on sample of 200 borrowers of micro lending. We will discussed the contribution of small loan in the improving living standards of the beneficiary. In order to judge our work, we have addressed an econometric study in a PROBIT model to express the economic impact of micro lending. Micro lending has improved the level of consumption in borrower's and has assumed in our analysis the economic development. This latter was an instrument to break down the poverty and the financial exclusion. Hence, micro lending activity has constructed an operational impact an economic welfare.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115684716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Good Governance Indicators of the Millennium Challenge Account: How Many Dimensions are Really Being Measured? 千年挑战账户的善治指标:究竟衡量了多少维度?
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1927202
M. Knoll, P. Zloczysti
{"title":"The Good Governance Indicators of the Millennium Challenge Account: How Many Dimensions are Really Being Measured?","authors":"M. Knoll, P. Zloczysti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1927202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1927202","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the validity of the perception-based governance indicators used by the US Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) for aid allocation decisions. By conducting Explanatory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data from 1996 to 2009, we find that although the MCA purports to measure seven distinct dimensions of governance, only two discrete underlying dimensions, the perceived 'participatory dimension of governance' and the perceived 'overall quality of governance,' can be identified. Our results also show that some of the doubts that have been raised concerning the validity of perception-based governance indicators are less warranted when the indicators are applied exclusively to developing countries.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117301626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Multidimensional Indices of Achievements and Poverty: What Do We Gain and What Do We Lose? 成就与贫困的多维指数:我们得到了什么，失去了什么?
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1910099
N. Lustig
{"title":"Multidimensional Indices of Achievements and Poverty: What Do We Gain and What Do We Lose?","authors":"N. Lustig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1910099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1910099","url":null,"abstract":"Poverty and wellbeing are multi-dimensional. Nobody questions that deprivations and achievements go beyond income. There is, however, sharp disagreement on whether the various dimensions of poverty and wellbeing can be aggregated into a single, multi-dimensional index in a meaningful way. Is aggregating dimensions of poverty and wellbeing useful? Is it sensible? Here I summarize and contrast three key papers that respond these questions in strikingly different ways. The papers are: The HDI 2010: New Controversies, Old Critiques by Jeni Klugman, Francisco Rodriguez and Hyung-Jin Choi; Understandings and Misunderstandings of Multidimensional Poverty Measurement by Sabina Alkire and James Foster; and, On Multidimensional Indices of Poverty by Martin Ravallion.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114071914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Political Economy of the Petroleum Sector in Nigeria 尼日利亚石油部门的政治经济学
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-5779
Alex Gboyega, Tina Søreide, T. Le, G. Shukla
{"title":"Political Economy of the Petroleum Sector in Nigeria","authors":"Alex Gboyega, Tina Søreide, T. Le, G. Shukla","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-5779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5779","url":null,"abstract":"The relatively slow pace of Nigeria's development has often been attributed to the phenomenon of the resource curse whereby the nature of the state as a\"rentier\"dilutes accountability for development and political actors are able to manipulate institutions to sustain poor governance. The impact of the political elite's resource-control and allocation of revenues on core democratic mechanisms is central to understand the obstacles to development and governance failure. Given that problems of petroleum sector governance are extremely entrenched in Nigeria, the key question is whether and how it is possible to get out of a poor equilibrium after fifty years of oil production. This paper uses a political economy perspective to analyze the governance weaknesses along the petroleum sector value chain and attempts to establish the links between challenges in sector regulation and the following major political and economic attributes: (i) strong executive control on petroleum governance in a political environment of weak checks and balances; (ii) regulatory and operating roles bundled into one institution, thereby creating conflict of interest; and (iii) manipulation of elections and political appointments. The restoration of democratic government has helped improve transparency and management of oil revenue and reforms at the federal level and proposed reforms of the petroleum sector hold much promise. At the same time, the judiciary has started to restore confidence that it will serve as a check and balance on the executive and the electoral process. Yet, these reforms are fragile and need to be deepened and institutionalized. They must be addressed not as purely technocratic matters but as issues of political economy and vested interests that must, through regulation and reform, be aligned with the public interest and a vision of Nigerian development.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"41 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128212619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 61
Lessons for Strengthening Microfinance Institutions through Financial Crises, Fluctuations in Food and Fuel Prices, and Other Major Risks 在金融危机、粮食和燃料价格波动及其他重大风险中加强小额信贷机构的经验教训
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1919284
Adrian Gonzalez
{"title":"Lessons for Strengthening Microfinance Institutions through Financial Crises, Fluctuations in Food and Fuel Prices, and Other Major Risks","authors":"Adrian Gonzalez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1919284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1919284","url":null,"abstract":"Many, although not all, of the problems observed in microfinance sectors recently were triggered by the latest financial crisis and fluctuations in both food and fuel prices. At the same time, many problems began before the most recent financial crisis, or were intensified by other elements, including saturated microfinance markets, deficient credit policies and governance structures, and negative policy interventions. This report, Lessons for Microfinance Institutions from Financial Crises, Fluctuations in Food and Fuel Prices, and Other Major Risks, aims to identify and share lessons for strengthening microfinance institutions (MFIs) to weather the challenges of future financial crises, fluctuations in food and fuel prices, and other major risks.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128629453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
The Levy Institute Measure of Economic Well-Being: Estimates for Canada, 1999 and 2005 利维研究所的经济福利测量:对加拿大1999年和2005年的估计
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-07-26 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1895637
A. Sharpe, Alexander Murray, B. Evans, E. Hazell
{"title":"The Levy Institute Measure of Economic Well-Being: Estimates for Canada, 1999 and 2005","authors":"A. Sharpe, Alexander Murray, B. Evans, E. Hazell","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1895637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1895637","url":null,"abstract":"This report presents estimates of the Levy Institute Measure of Economic Well-Being (LIMEW) for a representative sample of Canadian households in 1999 and 2005. The results indicate that there was only modest growth in the average Canadian household’s total command over economic resources in the six years between 1999 and 2005. Although inequality in economic well-being increased slightly over the 1999-2005 period, the LIMEW was more equally distributed across Canadian households than more common income measures (such as after-tax income) in both 1999 and 2005. The median household’s economic well-being was lower in Canada than in the United States in both years.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132326736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
India-Cambodia HRD Collaboration 印度-柬埔寨人力资源开发合作
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-07-20 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1893036
Arup Barman
{"title":"India-Cambodia HRD Collaboration","authors":"Arup Barman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1893036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1893036","url":null,"abstract":"India as the partner for development of Cambodia is appreciated elsewhere. As the collaboration of HRD of Cambodia, India's role is not less than other donor countries. India participates in the process of HRD of Cambodia through various projects by participating at multilateral, regional, sub-regional and bilateral levels, thus playing a significant role. But, till date there are no studies of India-Cambodia HRD Collaborations. This paper attempts to throw a light on this aspect of Cross National HRD activities in general and especially the state of HRDC and HRD diplomacy between India and Cambodia.","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133537932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Political Economy of Central Bank Independence and the Challenges for Development in African Economies 中央银行独立的政治经济学与非洲经济发展的挑战
Development Economics eJournal Pub Date : 2011-07-19 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1889155
G. Uzonwanne
{"title":"The Political Economy of Central Bank Independence and the Challenges for Development in African Economies","authors":"G. Uzonwanne","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1889155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1889155","url":null,"abstract":"This paper surveys the pros and cons of Central Bank Independence and how it could help set developing economies on the path of steady growth. The research develops a theoretical framework for the analysis of central bank independence in budding democracies. The recent trend in Macro- Economic management has resulted in separation of powers between monetary and fiscal authorities with the resultant effect that governments are supposedly held in check regarding their borrowing and spending potential. Can this check be standardized and replicated in emerging democracies where the true values of democracy is yet to be felt or can Central Banks indeed say no to political pressure?","PeriodicalId":355227,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116152393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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