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Durkheim’s Ambivalence toward Art 迪尔凯姆对艺术的矛盾心理
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.19
E. Tiryakian, J. C. Tiryakian
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引用次数: 0
Durkheim, Pragmatism, and Sociology 迪尔凯姆，实用主义与社会学
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.12
Romain Pudal
{"title":"Durkheim, Pragmatism, and Sociology","authors":"Romain Pudal","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is devoted to Durkheim’s critical reading of pragmatism mainly in his one-year course in 1913–1914. In spite of the similarities that exist, according to Durkheim, between sociology and pragmatism, he develops a series of theoretical objections against this philosophy, especially concerning the concept of truth. This chapter examines these objections and discusses their political and ideological context, because Durkheim’s positions can also be understood in the context of a French appropriation of pragmatism that is strongly marked by irrationalism. Indeed, pragmatism had a real success in France at the turn of the twentieth century, but more on the side of the spiritualist philosophers in the tradition of Bergson. It was most often used as a kind of intellectual weapon against the dominant rationalism of the French university of the time, of which Durkheim was a prominent figure.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130287710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflecting on Durkheim and His Studies on Law through Cancellation of British Citizenship 从取消英国公民权看迪尔凯姆及其法学研究
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.17
Devyani Prabhat
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引用次数: 0
Durkheim and Economic Sociology 迪尔凯姆与经济社会学
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.15
P. Steiner
{"title":"Durkheim and Economic Sociology","authors":"P. Steiner","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.15","url":null,"abstract":"Durkheim’s doctoral dissertation on the division of labor had an economic dimension, and his study on suicide rates put a strong emphasis on the professional group for the social reform he had in mind. Durkheim never entered into the technicalities of economic theory proper and limited himself to issues related to economic policy and economic reform, before he moved to study religious issues. Durkheim produced not only a personal work but also a collective one around L’Année sociologique. So, beyond Durkheim’s own achievement, this chapter considers the work of François Simiand and Maurice Halbwachs, who were at the head of the “economic sociology” section of L’Année sociologique, and Marcel Mauss for his work on gift-giving. Finally, the strength of the Durkheimian approach to economic sociology is illustrated through some contemporary inquiries.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121241309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
In Defense of Collective Consciousness 为集体意识辩护
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.5
Francesco Callegaro
{"title":"In Defense of Collective Consciousness","authors":"Francesco Callegaro","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.5","url":null,"abstract":"Within the repertoire of concepts that Emile Durkheim has forged to introduce sociology, none has attracted as much criticism or provoked more controversy as “collective consciousness”. This key concept has been accused of being at the same time absurd, inadequate, and dangerous. Having clarified to what extent the issue at stake concerns the social philosophy underlying sociology, the article reconstructs Durkheim’s perspective, in order to assess his central thesis: that there is no collective or social life without a collective or social consciousness. First, it clarifies the meaning of the “collective”, by analyzing the criteria of “constraint”: it thus brings out Durkheim’s reference to those obligations that give access to an irreducible collective being. Second, it elucidates the nature of “collective representations”, by examining Durkheim’s criticism of “consciousness”: it thus explains how the “representations” making up the collective are embedded into the dispositional “unconscious” of acting subjects. Finally, it analyzes the nature of “reflexive consciousness”, by reference to those practical situations that trigger a dynamic process allowing the members of a group to make collective representations explicit. The paper concludes by reassessing Durkheim’s argument: the concept of collective consciousness has a definite sociological meaning insofar as it allows us to grasp those crucial effervescent social phenomena that produce a conscious collective being, made of subjects able to say “we” in knowledge of the cause.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133642769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Durkheim’s Team 迪尔凯姆的团队
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.10
Marcel Fournier, Paul Carls
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引用次数: 0
Durkheim and the Sociality of Space 迪尔凯姆与空间的社会性
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.22
Markus Schroer
{"title":"Durkheim and the Sociality of Space","authors":"Markus Schroer","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.22","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the topic of space in Émile Durkheim’s writings. It shows that spatial formations play a key role in his theory of modernity. He assigns to social morphology the task of systematically investigating the material substratum of societies. Of major concern in this regard is how different types of societies relate to space in distinctive ways. His sociological approach encompasses both an epistemological and a social-theoretic perspective on “space.” In effect, it can be argued that Durkheim is not primarily concerned with a society’s dependence on space, but rather with how space is shaped socially. Space is not an abstract category of thought, but the collectively produced foundation for all social activity. Contrary to many subsequent conceptions of space, Durkheim does not differentiate between physical and social space, arguing that physical space is inherently shaped by social practices of classification and division. It is this theoretical notion which, in light of the renewed attention given to materiality and space by proponents of the material and the spatial turn, makes his work seem surprisingly contemporary.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131619745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Durkheim and the Philosophy of His Time 迪尔凯姆及其时代哲学
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.9
Jean-Louis Fabiani
{"title":"Durkheim and the Philosophy of His Time","authors":"Jean-Louis Fabiani","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.9","url":null,"abstract":"Durkheim was trained as a philosopher, taught philosophy, and never left the philosophical field. He started his career with standard philosophical equipment but also with a growing disenchantment about the eclectic and metaphysical mainstream that had survived the establishment of the Third Republic. Philosophy was too general to deal with the growth of scientific invention. Durkheim pursued simultaneously two goals: first, he established a firm demarcation line between philosophy and sociology, guaranteeing the full autonomy of the latter. Second, he benefited from his full membership in the philosophical institution. Rationalism remained his lifetime affiliation. It was largely based on a French version of neo-Kantianism. In the last part of his life, he engaged in a strong discussion with American pragmatism, as a way of clarifying his grasp of social practice.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126874646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lévi-Strauss’s Critique of Durkheim
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.26
Jing Xie
{"title":"Lévi-Strauss’s Critique of Durkheim","authors":"Jing Xie","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"Lévi-Strauss’s critique of Durkheim is considered an important one for two reasons. First, it is a discussion about the nature of social reality, and it therefore raises questions about the philosophical foundations of Durkheimian sociology. Second, it is regarded as a turning point in the French tradition of social anthropology, Lévi-Strauss’s purpose being to put forward structuralism as a solution to Durkheimian difficulties. In this chapter, first I outline Lévi-Strauss’s core arguments, and then I reassess the significance of his critique in light of the recent debates about his structuralist program in France. I will show that the orthodox view on the relation between the Durkheim school and Lévi-Strauss’s structuralism is oversimplified because it relies heavily on Lévi-Strauss’s own claims, and as a consequence, also oversimplifies Durkheim’s account of social reality. By examining concepts such as “symbolism,” “obligation,” “institution,” “norm,” and “action” in both Durkheim’s and Lévi-Strauss’s theory, I will show that Lévi-Strauss’s structuralist turn is in fact a cognitivist one, which, instead of offering solutions to Durkheimian questions, dismisses those questions.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130016515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Durkheim and the New Sociology of Morality 涂尔干与新道德社会学
The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim Pub Date : 2020-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.30
S. Lukes
{"title":"Durkheim and the New Sociology of Morality","authors":"S. Lukes","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190679354.013.30","url":null,"abstract":"Durkheim’s writings on morality are examined, distinguishing his earlier, more familiar account from later developments that advance new ideas relevant to present-day debates. The question is raised of the extent to which familiar criticisms of Durkheim’s sociology of morality are justified and ways are suggested in which sociologists and anthropologists can gain from reconsidering Durkheim on morality. His attempts to demarcate the scope of the sociology of morals against the claims of the philosophers and psychologists of his time are, it is argued, relevant to how sociologists of morality should view today’s philosophers and psychologists. Durkheim’s influence on current work by sociologists of morality is considered: positive influence, whether acknowledged or not, and negative, in response to what are seen as inadequacies of Durkheim’s approach. It is suggested that apparently non-Durkheimian studies of trust, collective action, and the evolution of social norms are nonetheless Durkheimian in their object of inquiry.","PeriodicalId":355110,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Émile Durkheim","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115457904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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