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Editor's Introduction: New Religious Movements: Cosmic Buddhism in Kalmykia and Ak-Jang in Altai 编者简介:新宗教运动:卡尔梅克的宇宙佛教和阿尔泰的Ak-Jang
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2018.1484011
M. Balzer
{"title":"Editor's Introduction: New Religious Movements: Cosmic Buddhism in Kalmykia and Ak-Jang in Altai","authors":"M. Balzer","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2018.1484011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2018.1484011","url":null,"abstract":"Human groups are notoriously fractioning, particularly religions in times of trouble. New religious movements have been widely studied as a wellknown social phenomenon, with some scholars arguing that Christianity and Buddhism are themselves variations on new religious movements established by charismatic and self-sacrificing leaders. Japanese scholars consider some spiritual revitalization movements to be spinoffs of relatively recent others, to the point where they discuss “new, new religious movements.” It is logical that the spiritual experimentation and political-economic instability of the post-Soviet period have provided substantial contexts for local variations on new religious movements in various parts of Eurasia. Fearful or conservative outsiders often derogatorily name such movements “sects” or “cults.” However, they manifest a range of group “insider” dynamics and a potential feast for open-minded searchers for processes behind cultural change. Focus in this issue is on two movements in traditionally Buddhist regions within the Russian Federation: the republics of Kalmykia and Altai. The kernel of this project began with a delightful, unsolicited email from Valeria Gazizova, a talented Tatar–Russian woman with a doctorate in anthropology from the University of Oslo. She has been working since 2011 with a group of nativist Kalmyk proselytizers of a religious movement that advocates returning to Kalmyk roots, specifically Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, vol. 57, no. 1, 2018, pp. 1–4. © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1061-1959 (print)/ISSN 1558-092X (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2018.1484011","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"57 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2018.1484011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43265796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From Buddhism to “Cosmic Religion”: Religious Creativity in Kalmykia 从佛教到“宇宙宗教”:卡尔梅克的宗教创造力
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2018.1470427
V. Gazizova
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引用次数: 1
Voices of the Land, Samizdat, and Visionary Politics: On the Social Life of Altai Narratives 土地之声、地下出版物与幻想政治:阿尔泰叙事的社会生活
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2018-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2018.1470426
D. Arzyutov
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引用次数: 3
(Non-)Return: Can Migrants Become Former Migrants? (非)返回:移民能成为前移民吗?
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1450549
Olga Brednikova
{"title":"(Non-)Return: Can Migrants Become Former Migrants?","authors":"Olga Brednikova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1450549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450549","url":null,"abstract":"The return of migrants home is problematic because it manifests important gaps at the social, identificational, and everyday levels. The social gaps are caused by forced restructuring of social networks. Breaks at the identificational level are associated with acquisition of the migrant’s unique experience of being “out”, with the transnational multiplication of social reality, as well as with the production of distance from the host community. Breaks at the level of everyday life are embodied in the assimilation of new social practices and corporeal idioms. The study of the phenomenon of return through the transnational, biographical, and identificational lenses seems informative and nonobvious. The analysis of migrants’ emotions, perceptions of the past and the future (in particular, the phenomenon of nostalgia and myth of the return), as well as everyday practices and their physical incarnations provides rich material for the interpretation of the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"298 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49061080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Editor’s Introduction 编辑简介
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1465311
M. Balzer
{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"M. Balzer","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1465311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1465311","url":null,"abstract":"The agency and dignity of individuals are hard to maintain when they are buffeted by tsunamis of economic and political upheavals, barely constrained by traditional social structures that poorly hold homeland communities together. Such widespread, out-of-control dilemmas, stimulated by war or other societal collapse, are particularly stark when we analyze the politics of migration and the formation of diasporas. How is a researcher to address continually shifting imbalances among individual purpose, global trends, and community disintegration without drowning in data about human strife? This issue explores these hot topics that have rocked Europe and the United States by examining migration, urbanization, and diasporas within diverse regions of Russia. The theme of migration in and out of Russia as covered here spills over with multidirectional ripple effects spreading to and from the Caucasus, Ukraine, and Central Asia, as well as China and Syria. As a recent author on labor migration into Russia explains, “the main suppliers of foreign migrants to Russia have long been the former Soviet republics: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. The natives of these countries make up at least 3⁄4 of the total number of labor migrants. This is due to the high birth rates of their population due to religious beliefs and national traditions and to the underdevelopment of their economies.” Remittances from Russia to Central Asian states have become a crucial proportion of their economies, and a key to the survival of many families of migrants remaining in their homelands. Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia, vol. 56, nos. 3–4, 2017, pp. 187–193. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1061-1959 (print)/ISSN 1558-092X (online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1465311","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"187 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1465311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45997783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Migration in the Cities of Sakha Republic (Yakutia): Temporal-Social Aspects 萨哈共和国(雅库特)城市的移民:时间社会方面
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1450557
D. Vinokurova
{"title":"Migration in the Cities of Sakha Republic (Yakutia): Temporal-Social Aspects","authors":"D. Vinokurova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1450557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450557","url":null,"abstract":"Migration has played a leading role in the process of urbanization in Yakutia from the outset. In the Soviet period, it occurred when migrants arrived en masse from beyond the confines of the republic due to administrative regulation. This raised concerns about the ability of new settlers to adapt to their unfamiliar surroundings. In the twentieth century, a clear distinction was formed in public opinion between new settlers and old-timers, the newcomer and local (indigenous) population. Based on empirical material from 2001-2017, this article examines the post-Soviet period of migration in industrial cities in the center of the region—Yakutsk, Mirny, Lensk, and Neriungri. Migrants include people from other parts of Russia, and from Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Ukraine. The aim of the analysis was to identify the effect of respondents’ place of origin, date of arrival, and beginning of marital relations on their habitation in a household given their change of permanent residence.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"256 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethnic-Cultural Identities of Kazan Residents 喀山居民的民族文化认同
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1450552
G. Makarova
{"title":"Ethnic-Cultural Identities of Kazan Residents","authors":"G. Makarova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1450552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450552","url":null,"abstract":"The multiplicity of ethnic and cultural identities of residents of large cities derives from a series of factors. Of particular significance is whether they come from a rural or urban locale, the focus of the article is interviews conducted with families of Kazan residents who self-identify as Tatars and Russians who have revealed substantive differences in the intensity and content of their associations with their “own” ethnic group. They vary in language practices, in knowledge and observance of traditional rites and holidays, and in how ethnic identities are manifest in cultural preferences and in mapping ethnic-cultural boundaries of the featured groups. At the same time, interview transcripts have revealed attitudes, values, and cultural preferences that appear shared by the majority of Kazan residents, both Russian and Tatar.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"230 - 255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47793385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“They Exist, Yet They Do Not”: ‘Chinese Greenhouses’ in the Suburban Space “它们存在,但它们不存在”:郊区空间中的“中国温室”
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1450550
K. Grigorichev
{"title":"“They Exist, Yet They Do Not”: ‘Chinese Greenhouses’ in the Suburban Space","authors":"K. Grigorichev","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1450550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450550","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of “Chinese greenhouses” in the suburban areas of large Siberian cities is discussed from the standpoint of actor-network theory. The author assesses the scale of the phenomenon based on the example of the Irkutsk suburbs, and analyzes its presence in the regional discourse. “Chinese greenhouses” are examined as a complex local social means through which suburban localities get integrated into translocal networks, and as a mechanism for the modernization of suburban areas.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"275 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450550","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49251490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Three Generations of Karata: The Transformation of a Daghestani Collective into a Global Islamic Religious Community 卡拉塔的三代:达吉斯坦集体向全球伊斯兰宗教社区的转变
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1450553
D. Sokolov
{"title":"Three Generations of Karata: The Transformation of a Daghestani Collective into a Global Islamic Religious Community","authors":"D. Sokolov","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1450553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450553","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes transformations of the mountain village society of Karata, in the republic of Daghestan, in Russia’s North Caucasus. In the Soviet period organized into a collective farm from a kin-group oriented Islamic community, by the post-Soviet period its Andi-language people were split among the mountain village, the capital of Daghestan Makhachkala, flatland villages on the Daghestani plain, other cities of the Russian Federation, and the near and far abroad. This analysis focuses on changes in the social, religious, and political organization of Karata in the course of the three generations, from those born in the 1940s in the mountains to those born in the 1980s–90s who grew up in cities. This change of generations is accompanied by the replacement of a Karata identity with an Islamic one—for the younger generation of Karata people, the so-called second, urban generation, the global Islamic agenda, including jihad in Syria, is closer than the village concerns of Karata people born in the 1960s and 1970s.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"194 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1450553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46913235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Concepts of Evil Spirits, Bewitchment and Purification Rites Among Contemporary Tuvan Shamans 当代图瓦萨满的邪灵观念、巫术与净化仪式
Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia Pub Date : 2017-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/10611959.2017.1382289
K.V. Pimenova
{"title":"Concepts of Evil Spirits, Bewitchment and Purification Rites Among Contemporary Tuvan Shamans","authors":"K.V. Pimenova","doi":"10.1080/10611959.2017.1382289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10611959.2017.1382289","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a study of concepts related to curses and evil spells in contemporary shamanism in Tuva. The author draws attention to the point that although curse, as a “diagnosis” pointing to the character of relationships between people, goes side by side with traditional ideas of supernatural substances or evil spirits in the culture of post-Soviet shamans, it still more often than not functions as the main or even sole explanation of diseases, depressions, energy losses, and other problems in human lives. Curse is understood by shamans as a material, even though invisible, energy or essence that has to be cast off to ensure a person’s recovery or to prevent possible trouble. Therefore, purifying rites of various kinds assume paramount importance in the activities of today’s shamans in Tuva. The complex of corresponding practices and concepts is analyzed in detail in the article.","PeriodicalId":35495,"journal":{"name":"Anthropology and Archeology of Eurasia","volume":"56 1","pages":"143 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10611959.2017.1382289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48798863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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