Kathmandu University Medical Journal最新文献_第5页

Clinical and Endoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at a Tertiary Care Hospital. 一家三级医院上消化道出血患者的临床和内窥镜检查结果

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

P Sharma, P Sapkota, S Pathak, A Lamsal, S Joshi, S Parajuli, S Rajak, S Gautam, A Tamang

{"title":"Clinical and Endoscopic Findings in Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding at a Tertiary Care Hospital.","authors":"P Sharma, P Sapkota, S Pathak, A Lamsal, S Joshi, S Parajuli, S Rajak, S Gautam, A Tamang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding is a severe medical condition that requires prompt evaluation and management. Understanding the clinical and endoscopic findings in patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Objective To investigate the age and sex composition, clinical presentations, and endoscopic findings of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding at a tertiary care hospital. Method A total of 561 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included in the study. Data on age, sex, and clinical presentation were collected for each patient. Endoscopic findings were recorded, and the relative frequency of various upper gastrointestinal lesions was analyzed. Result The age distribution of patients revealed that 40.82% were between 15 and 45 years, 32.98% were aged 46 to 65 years, and 26.20% were above 65 years. Among the patients, 73.08% were male and 26.92% were female. Hematemesis was observed in 248 cases, while melena was present in 136 cases, and both were present in 171 cases. Recent onset anemia with positive occult blood was reported in 6 patients. The most common endoscopic finding was varices (39.39%), followed by ulcers (15.51%). Mallory Weiss tear was noted in 5.53% of cases. Conclusion According to our findings, varices are the most common endoscopic finding in individuals with upper gastrointestinal bleeding rather than peptic ulcer disease. The considerable increase in varices emphasizes the critical importance of early identification and care in high-risk individuals, as well as contributing to a better understanding of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular Investigation of Dengue Virus Serotypes in the Dengue Outbreak of 2022 in Nepal. 尼泊尔 2022 年登革热疫情中登革热病毒血清型的分子研究。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

N Katuwal, A Shrestha, U Ranjitkar, S Jakibanjar, S K Madhup, D Tamrakar, R Shrestha

{"title":"Molecular Investigation of Dengue Virus Serotypes in the Dengue Outbreak of 2022 in Nepal.","authors":"N Katuwal, A Shrestha, U Ranjitkar, S Jakibanjar, S K Madhup, D Tamrakar, R Shrestha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dengue, a viral infection highly prevalent in tropical regions, exhibits local variations in risks that are influenced by a combination of climatic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. It is caused by four distinct, yet closely related serotypes of the dengue virus. Objective To identify the different serotypes of dengue virus responsible for the 2022 outbreak in Nepal, where dengue has been prevalent since 2006 but with limited availability of molecular information on the serotypes. Method Serum samples from suspected dengue patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital were analyzed using Dengue Rapid Test, for the presence of IgG/IgM antibodies or NS1 Ag. The positive samples were stored at -80⁰C, and 89 samples were selected for further analysis. RNA was extracted from those positive samples and RT-PCR was performed to identify the serotypes present. Result A higher percentage of sero-positivity was observed in females(52%) compared to males. Positive cases were distributed in 14 different districts, with the highest percentage(58.4%) in Kavre. RT-PCR, of 53 out of 89 serologically positive samples, by RT-PCR revealed that DENV1 was the predominant, followed by DEN3(24.5%) and DENV2(16.9%). DENV4 was not detected in any of the samples. The average Ct-value of all serotypes was 17.6, with DENV3 having the lowest Ct-value of 16.6, indicating slightly higher viremia. Conclusion Our study, although limited in its coverage of Nepal, has provided molecular information on the serotypes responsible for the 2022 dengue outbreak. The high prevalence of DENV1 was observed, while prevalence of DENV3 was accompanied by high viral load.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomarkers of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Response in Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia (TRS). 耐药精神分裂症（TRS）电休克疗法（ECT）反应的生物标志物。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

P Sharma, P Sharma

引用次数: 0

Impact of International Medical Graduates on the UK Healthcare System: Current Contributions and Future Challenges. 国际医学毕业生对英国医疗系统的影响：当前的贡献与未来的挑战》。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

A Gautam, J Sakthivel, F A Rahman

{"title":"Impact of International Medical Graduates on the UK Healthcare System: Current Contributions and Future Challenges.","authors":"A Gautam, J Sakthivel, F A Rahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The Professional And Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) examination and the International English Language Teaching System (IELTS) represent pivotal evaluations for International Medical Graduates (IMGs) aspiring to pursue medical vocations within the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom's National Health Service (NHS) leans significantly upon the expertise of medically trained professionals hailing from abroad, a fact further underscored by the substantial composition of IMGs within its workforce. The prevailing aftermath of the persistent pandemic has magnified the preexisting deficit of medical practitioners in the nation, thereby compounding the existing challenges. The intersection of circumscribed temporal constraints governing language proficiency assessments and the restricted worldwide capacity for the placement of IMGs has served to exacerbate this conundrum. This dualpronged challenge has led to a noteworthy contraction in the pool of qualified physicians eligible to practice within the UK, thus catalyzing a climate of upheaval. These circumstances carry implications not solely for the medical workforce but also reverberate on the psychological equilibrium of these professionals. The exigencies imposed by their geographical separation from their homelands, coupled with the formidable task of surmounting the hurdle of examinations within an environment fraught with adversities, have underscored the urgency for timely and strategic intervention. Given the intricacies of this situation, the relevant governing authorities bear the imperative of instituting proactive measures to alleviate the predicament faced by these aspiring medical candidates. The call for timely interventions resonates strongly, aimed at ameliorating their predicament and restoring a semblance of equilibrium to this intricate situation.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"112-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Awareness of Burn First Aid Management among Undergraduate Medical Students at a Medical College Teaching Hospital. 医学院教学医院医科本科生对烧伤急救处理的认识。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

S Thapa, B Thapa, S Shrestha

{"title":"Awareness of Burn First Aid Management among Undergraduate Medical Students at a Medical College Teaching Hospital.","authors":"S Thapa, B Thapa, S Shrestha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background First aid training, educational degree of health sector employee is linked to greater levels of knowledge, awareness and positive outcome in burn injury and its management but studies have shown insufficient level of awareness with unsatisfactory skills not only among professional healthcare workers but also in medical students. Objective To assess the knowledge and confidence of our medical students towards basic burn first aid and management. Method Cross sectional observational study was done using a structured, self-reported 16 multiple choice questionnaire with total marks of 30. Students was graded accordingly: more than 25 points: good, 16-25 points: satisfactory and less than 16 points: poor level of awareness about burn first aid management. Confidence in management of burn related victims, information on receiving of prior formal training in burns and sources of knowledge in students were also evaluated. Result Only a satisfactory level of awareness is seen in medical students 62.1%, 98.2% had not received any kind of formal training and the medical college curriculum was the main source of information (69.2%) followed by journals (47.1%) and internet (26%). 78.4% students felt that the curriculum provided to them was inadequate and only 5.3% students were confident in managing burn first aid. Conclusion There was inadequacy in the knowledge of burn first aid amongst undergraduate students therefore clinical course in managing burns into the undergraduate curriculum is vital.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Associated with Urinary Tract Infection among Children Aged Less than 5 Years Visiting Department of Pediatrics of Dhulikhel Hospital. 到 Dhulikhel 医院儿科就诊的 5 岁以下儿童尿路感染的相关因素。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

N Siluwal, N Bhandari, R Prajapati, D Timalsena

{"title":"Factors Associated with Urinary Tract Infection among Children Aged Less than 5 Years Visiting Department of Pediatrics of Dhulikhel Hospital.","authors":"N Siluwal, N Bhandari, R Prajapati, D Timalsena","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) constitutes a significant cause of morbidity, especially among children under five years old. Early diagnosis and management are essential to minimize acute morbidity and prevent the long-term complications associated with urinary tract infections. Objective To identify factors associated with urinary tract infections among children under five years old. Method A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital in Nepal, involving face-to-face interviews with 105 parents of children under 5 years with suspected or culture-positive Urinary tract infections. Data collection occurred from July 2022 to December 2022, covering both outpatient (OPD) and inpatient cases. Logistic regression was employed to identify factors associated with urinary tract infections. Result The Urinary tract infection prevalence among children under five was 27.12%, with over half (55.2%) were female. Females had a seven times higher urinary tract infection risk than males (95% CI: 1.64 - 30.18; p = 0.009). Children with congenital anomalies faced a 22.8 times higher urinary tract infection risk (95% CI: 1.70 - 286.56, p = 0.01). Diaper changes exceeding 6 hours elevated the risk by 20.09 times (95% CI: 1.14 - 353.95; p = 0.04). Escherichia coli presence in urine culture correlated with a 9.43 times higher urinary tract infection risk (95% CI: 1.34 - 66.16, P = 0.02). Conclusion Implementing preventive measures, including maintaining personal hygiene and changing diapers frequently, can significantly reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections in children, ultimately minimizing medical costs. KEY WORDS Children, Cleaning, Risk factors, Urinary tract infection.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"87-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Double-Edged Sword: Social Media and Health in the Digital Age. 双刃剑：数字时代的社交媒体与健康》（The Double-Edged Sword: Social Media and Health in the Digital Age）。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

B L Shrestha

引用次数: 0

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. 复杂性区域疼痛综合征

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

S Shakya, S Amatya, S Thapa, P Thapa, S Pokharel

引用次数: 0

Incarcerated Uterine Prolapse: A Result of Neglect. 嵌顿性子宫脱垂：忽视的结果。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

A Adhikari, A Poudel, G Dangal

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease among Postgraduate Medical Students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital using an Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire. 使用眼表疾病指数问卷评估韩国科学技术院医学院和教学医院医科研究生的症状性干眼症。

Kathmandu University Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-01-01

A Basnet, S Thapa, K Ghising, S K Shah, S B Pathak, P Pradhan

{"title":"Assessment of Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease among Postgraduate Medical Students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital using an Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire.","authors":"A Basnet, S Thapa, K Ghising, S K Shah, S B Pathak, P Pradhan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background Symptomatic dry eye disease is a growing public health challenge especially among those who are visual display unit users and other long-time near activity workers. Increased screen time, prolonged use of face mask and shortage of sleep among resident doctors increases the risk of developing dry eye disease that can affect their learning and social abilities. Data is insufficient on the prevalence of dry eye disease among postgraduate medical students in Nepal. Objective To find out the prevalence of symptomatic dry eye disease using an ocular surface disease index questionnaire among postgraduate medical students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among three batches postgraduate medical students until 2023 of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur. A single validated symptom-based questionnaire with 12 questions was used to assess symptomatic dry eye disease. Result Total of 110 post-graduate medical students with mean age of 30.4 years, 67 males and 43 females were enrolled. Among them, 68 (61.8%) had dry eye disease. Severe dry eye was the commonest followed by mild dry eye. There was statistically significant association between dry eye disease with the increased screen time and suboptimal durations of sleep. Conclusion About half of postgraduate students faced symptomatic dry eye disease. It is advisable for residents to have optimum sleep as possible, limit screen time and establish regular break time along their exposure.","PeriodicalId":35493,"journal":{"name":"Kathmandu University Medical Journal","volume":"22 85","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0