{"title":"Fukuyama's End of History is Liberal Democracy Claim and State Building on the Road to Liberalism","authors":"Kahraman GÜRBÜZ","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1344722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1344722","url":null,"abstract":"Tarih ve tarih felsefesi kavramları ile ilgili geçmişten günümüze birçok tanımlama yapılmış, farklı görüşler ve anlayışlar ortaya konmuştur. Modern tarih bilimi anlayışının temelleri özellikle aydınlanma dönemiyle birlikte atılmaya başlanmıştır. Aydınlanma döneminden günümüze kadar geçen süreçte, tarihin bir amacının olduğu ve bu amaca doğru ilerleyen bir süreç olduğu görüşünü savunan tarihçiler, filozoflar ve düşünürler olmuştur. Francis Fukuyama da bu görüşü benimsemiş ve liberal demokrasi anlayışının dünya genelinde kabul gören en ideal yönetim anlayışı olduğunu, tarihin amacına ulaştığını iddia ederek tarihin sonu tezini ortaya koymuştur. Liberal demokrasi anlayışının sosyalizm, monarşi ve faşizm gibi yönetim şekilleri karşısında mutlak zaferini ilan etmiştir. Bu anlayışın evrenselleşmesinin önünde engel olarak gördüğü devletlerin, ulus inşası veya devlet inşası olarak adlandırdığı uygulamalarla kontrol altına alınması ve sistemin parçası haline getirilmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Bunun uygulayıcısı olarak da Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD)’ni görmüştür. Demokrasi, özgürlük ve insan hakları gibi söylemlerle toplumların etki altına alınmasını ve liberal ekonomik düzenin kurucusu ABD’nin dünyada tek hâkim güç olmasını hedeflemiştir. Literatür analizine dayalı nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışmanın amacı, tarih ve tarih felsefesi üzerine yapılan tanımlardan yola çıkarak, özellikle ilerlemeci tarih anlayışında tarihin sonu kavramından kastedilenin ne olduğunu açıklamak, günümüzde bu görüşün önde gelen savunucularından olan Fukuyama’nın aslında neyi amaçladığının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktır.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135547555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orientalism: From Expeditions to Colonialisation","authors":"Elhadji Bachir SANI HAMET","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1308854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1308854","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between orientalism and colonialism. More specifically, it analyses orientalism in its various ways before and during the nineteenth century to the present day, as well as its actual aims. For this purpose, the expeditions of some European orientalists, missionaries, and explorers are analysed and discussed. In addition to these expeditions, numerous writings and various viewpoints expressed by some authors in the social and human sciences are examined. The methodology used in the study is mainly based on critical literature sources. Overall, it appears that despite the attempts of some authors to challenge it, there is a direct and close link between orientalism, postcolonialism, and colonialism. Indeed, far from being a simple and innocent approach or discipline studying the relationship between the East and the West, orientalism served as a colonial ideology and prepare the ground to facilitate Europe's dominance over the rest of the world. Furthermore, the structure of international relations and the forms of relationship that certain European powers maintain with their former colonies reveal orientalist and neo-colonialist patterns.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131308587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hastalık, Acı ve Albert Camus’nun Veba’sında Duyguların İnşası","authors":"S. Önen","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1274829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1274829","url":null,"abstract":"Hastalık nedeniyle çekilen bedensel acılar duygulara da yansımaktadır. Öznel varsaydığımız duygularımız bir yandan da kolektivite içerisinde oluşmaktadır. Albert Camus’nun 1940’lı yıllarda Cezayir’de geçen Veba adlı romanında salgın hastalık nedeniyle Oran kentinin dış dünyaya kapanması, doktor Rieux ve arkadaşlarının salgın hastalığa karşı mücadeleleri anlatılmaktadır. Romanda yaşanan toplumsal, siyasi ve medikal/tıbbi durumlara yönelik bireylerin tepkilerinde farklılıklar görüldüğü gibi toplumsal olarak öne çıkan bir takım duygusal ortaklıklar da bulunmaktadır. Veba nedeniyle bir felaket yaşanmıştır ve bunun duyguları etkilememesi mümkün değildir. Duygular, düşünce ve mantığın karşıtı pozisyonunda yer almadığı kabulüyle, bedenleri de bir yandan şekillendirmektedir. Romanda ‘başkalarının acısına’ tanık olmak ve hastalığa dair önlemler neticesinde karantinalar, kentin kapanması hatta enfeksiyon bulaşır endişesiyle mektup gönderememek bireylerin kolektif bir takım duygularını tetiklemiştir. Bu duygulardan özellikle özgürlük, sürgün ve nostalji üzerinde durulacaktır. Edebiyatta veba ve hastalık nedeniyle hissedilen acının metinlerarası (intertextuality) bir şekilde ve Bakhtin’in diyoloji kavramı temel alınarak özneler arasında dolaşımına da imkan verdiği tartışılmaktadır. Salgın bir hastalık belirli bir yer ve mekânda oluşsa da bu hastalığın temsille sınırlan(a)mayan acısının edebiyat ve gerçek hayat arasındaki keskin sınırları bozduğu görülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121542646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fojnica Bölgesinde İslam Kültürü 1463 – 1878","authors":"Adnan Džafi̇ć, Nezir Krčalo","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1232216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1232216","url":null,"abstract":"Our research aims to show the influence of the spread of Islamic culture in the Fojnica region during the Ottoman rule in 1463 - 1878 on the urban development and change in the appearance of its settlements, raising its status within the Ottoman state, and on improving the quality and enriching every aspect of life. Individual and local community. \u0000\u0000The analysis of the Islamic culture of the Fojnica region with all its components, as a whole, is for the first time in historiography unified in this paper. This work contributed to more detailed research of the Fojnica region through Ottoman documents such as defter, regesta, travelogue, etc. The sources for this area have not yet been sufficiently explored. It should be especially noted that we were deprived of details for the 18th century because the Fojnica sigils were burned in the Oriental Institute during the last war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995. That is why we used the works of Bosnian-Herzegovinian authors based on sources from the archives in Sarajevo and Istanbul, where there is a large number of unpublished materials. In addition, we also carried out field research on the basis of which we confirm that much of the legacy of Islamic culture from the Ottoman period in the Fojnica region has not been explored. We have stated a part of it in this paper. We hope that this work will encourage further research into the Islamic culture deeply rooted in the Fojnica region.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131137284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Küreselleşme ve Kültürün Melezleşmesini Tartışmak","authors":"Fatih Fuat Tuncer","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1279438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1279438","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has led to the hybridization of culture, becoming an increasingly interesting research topic. This is a reflection of the cultural changes in modern society. Globalization allows for and also causes interaction between cultures worldwide. Consequently, different cultures interact with each other, resulting in a hybrid culture. The process of globalization has been accelerated by advancements in communication, transportation, and technology on a global scale. This has increased mutual interaction between cultures worldwide, accelerating cultural hybridization. This article will discuss the reasons and consequences of globalization and cultural hybridization, as well as their impact on cultures.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124164797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charles De Gaulle'ün İkinci Dünya Savaşı Konuşmalarıyla Birleşik Avrupa Vizyonu","authors":"Antonios Vrati̇mos","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1198860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1198860","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the Brexit agreement, the former French President Charles de Gaulle comes to the fore again. His veto of Britain’s application to join the EEC (in 1963 and 1967) becomes timely today. In the past, he was treated as an obstacle to the European unification process, but today he is seen as an insightful politician with intuitive thinking. On this basis, an overall re-evaluation of his political trajectory may be necessary. This article focuses upon the speeches de Gaulle gave in the Second World War and proceeds to some remarks on how he truly envisaged an integrated Europe during that period of time.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130752469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"??????","authors":"Berkay Engin, Deniz Pamuk","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1174120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1174120","url":null,"abstract":"Subjective age is a concept that represents the age experienced by the individual subjectively. Traditionally, it is asked, “how old do you feel?”. However, over time, various sub-dimensions have been defined and examined in various studies. Studies on the concept of subjective age and its sub-dimension, age identity were reviewed in this review. According to studies, an individual's subjective age is a factor that determines well-being, health, motivation, social participation, and experiences in the aging process. Contrary to the chronological age, which is accepted as the onset of old age, the subjectivity of the aging process and the contexts in which the aging process takes place to determine whether the individual feels old and other factors on which this situation is effective. Moreover, while age identity is affected by the social structure and life situation, it also affects the later experiences of the individual. In this sense, it is revealed that there is a bidirectional relationship with the life situation but the subjective experiences of the aging individual should be taken into account when conducting age-related studies.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130281103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Stigmatization of The Divorced Individuals","authors":"Mustafa Koray Uru, erdem dirimeşe","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1172698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1172698","url":null,"abstract":"When the studies on divorce are examined, it is understood that the act of divorce causes stigmatization of individuals. Studies show that divorced individuals are stigmatized with different stigmatizing concepts in different cultures. What makes this study different from other studies is that it reveals with which concepts and how divorced individuals in Turkey are stigmatized. Phenomenology was used as the research design in this study carried out with the qualitative research method. Phenomenology focuses on the experiences which are related phenomenon of individuals who have experienced phenomena that we have noticed but do not have a deep understanding of, and provides gaining in-depth knowledge of the phenomenon under research. Therefore, in this study, which is about the divorce experiences of individuals, the phenomenology pattern was preferred. The data were collected in a city located in the northwest of Turkey. Results showed that divorced individuals are stigmatized with six different concepts that are semantically opposite to the concepts that make up their male and female identities. In addition, it was concluded that the stigmatization process of divorced individuals occurs with the thought that they are unsuccessful in fulfilling their gender roles.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125724678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Seçilmiş Travma’ Olarak İstanbul’u Kaybetmenin Yunan Ulus Kimliğini Şekillendirmedeki Rolü: Twitter Üzerinden Netnografik Bir Analiz","authors":"Salich Tzampaz","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1173711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1173711","url":null,"abstract":"Travmalar birey yaşamı açısından olduğu kadar sosyal yaşamın da kaçınılmaz bir olgusudur. Bu anlamda, travma kökenli semptomlar bir sosyal grubun üyeleri tarafından ortak bir şekilde tecrübe edilebilir. Bu yüzdendir ki, bir ulusun üyeleri kimliklerini ilgilendiren sorunlara aynı anda tepki gösterirler. Bu çalışmada, ‘seçilmiş travma’ olarak İstanbul’un kaybının Yunan ulusunu şekillendirmedeki rolüne ilişkin İstanbul’u kaybetmenin yıldönümü olan 29 Mayıs 2022’te atılan Tweet’ler MAXQDA 2020 yazılımı aracılığıyla çekilerek netnografik bir analiz yapılmıştır. ‘Seçilmiş travma’ temel olarak bir ‘büyük grup’ tarafından büyük bir kaybın sonucunda sebep olmuş aşağılanmışlık duygusuna atıfta bulunur. Psikolojik bir terim olarak travma, ulusları hafıza çalışmalarıyla sosyal düzeyde ele alarak onları icat edilmiş topluluklar olarak görmeyi sağlar. Bu çalışmada da amacımız ‘seçilmiş travma’nın Yunan ulus kimliğini nasıl şekillendirdiğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bunun sonucunda netnografik tasarımdan yararlanarak nitel bir çalışma yürütülmüştür. Netnografi internet ve etnografiyi birleştiren bir araştırma tasarımıdır. Sonuç olarak, Yunan ulus kimliğinin Türklerin sebep olduğu ve aşağılanmış hissetmeye neden olan bir ‘seçilmiş travma’nın neden olduğu daimî yas sürecinde olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu gerçeklikler sonucunda, Tweetlerde Türklerle bir mücadele içerisinde Yunan Helenizmininin Türk Türkokrasisi karşısındaki üstünlüğünü kanıtlamaya çalışarak aşağılık duygusundan kurtulmaya çalışan tutum olduğu görülmüştür.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123611489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Mediating Role of the Perception of Traditionalist Gender Roles in Career Choice on the Association Between Egalitarian Gender Perception and STEM-related Career Preference Among Junior and Senior-Level High School Students","authors":"Sevim Küçük, S. Çoksan","doi":"10.52613/ujhc.1167573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52613/ujhc.1167573","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to investigate two points among junior and senior-level high school students. First is to examine the mediating role of the perception of traditionalist gender roles in career choice on the association between egalitarian gender perception and STEM-related career preference. Second is to explore differences between gender groups (female vs. male) and school types (Anatolian high school, religious vocational high school, vocational high school, and science high school) in terms of variables and the outcome. A hundred and sixty-four students (76 females, 46.3%; 88 males, 53.7%) between the ages of 15-20 (M = 17, SD = .789) participated in the study. They responded to demographic information form, gender perception scale, and gender roles in career choice scale. Simple mediation analyses showed the mediating role of the perception of traditionalist gender roles in career choice (β = .144, 95% CI [.001, .286], SE = .073, z = 1.971, p = .048), as we hypothesized. Exploratory analyses revealed that students in Anatolian high school and science high school more preferred egalitarian gender roles, and less preferred traditionalist gender roles in career choice than those in other types of school. Also, students in science high school more preferred STEM-related professions. Moreover, female students preferred STEM-related professions more than male students. We discussed the findings in the context of social psychology.","PeriodicalId":354858,"journal":{"name":"Universal Journal of History and Culture","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127153274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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