{"title":"Operation and economics of a behind-the-meter fuel cell power plant array","authors":"S. Fairfax, N. Dowling","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619796","url":null,"abstract":"A power plant comprising two 200 kW/230 kVA fuel cells was installed and operated over a period of 15 months. Details of the operating experience and economics of the application are discussed.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129049297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plug-in vehicles and the plug - policy to address the Chicken or the Egg problem","authors":"J. Magee","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619809","url":null,"abstract":"People are hesitant to purchase plug-in capable vehicles without the necessary infrastructure to support them. Charging infrastructure is unlikely to be spontaneously installed without a demonstrated need. This “Chicken or the Egg” situation is a major roadblock to the widespread adaptation of efficient plug-in vehicles. This paper presents some of the roadblocks to implementation of charging infrastructure and how they can be addressed by local and state governments, electric utilities, and organizations like the IEEE. Our focus is to address implementing policies for vehicle charging infrastructure at the local municipality level. We present a draft zoning by-law that was proposed in 2008, and discuss the reactions and questions that arose as a result of the proposal. Finally, we discuss the current state of plug-in vehicle infrastructure standards and how it relates to creating local policies to require the infrastructure necessary to speed the adaptation of plug-in vehicles.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainability assessment and implementation design of distributed energy micro-generation for lighting in Western Kenya","authors":"J. Henriques","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619789","url":null,"abstract":"The use of traditional fuels such as kerosene for lighting in developing countries have negative health impacts, safety concerns, provide insufficient illumination for tasks such as reading, and are comparatively expensive per unit of light produced. Renewable distributed energy micro-generation technologies have been shown to be a suitable and cost effective alternative. However, the sustainable use of these technologies is often limited due to low financial and technical capability in developing communities. This paper outlines a sustainability assessment used to inform the implementation design of distributed household energy technologies in developing communities. It further can be used to identify areas of low capacity to be systematically addressed in the community through policy and program. A case study is presented in Namawanga, Kenya.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"209 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124703497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urban grid monitoring renewables integration","authors":"S. Dey, Amin Jessa, Lawrence Gelbien","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619802","url":null,"abstract":"Integration of distributed resources such as solar installations or electric vehicle integration and storage, the very resources that are critical to the vision of the Smart Grid, can be problematic in urban areas where existing secondary area networks are designed for only one-way power flow.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124971630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geo-Spatial resource analysis and optimization of investment strategies for renewable energy","authors":"Sergey Malinchik, A. Roberts, S. Fierro","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619855","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a concept that brings geo-spatial data analysis together with optimal modeling of renewable energy planning and investment processes to aid in decision making (“when and where” to invest), a process that takes into account development cost, resource constraints and requirements for new infrastructure. This concept is implemented in a new tool named GSPEIS (Geo-Spatial Planner for Energy Investment Strategies). The GSPEIS system accomplishes these goals by bringing a powerful visualization framework that enables the user to understand and explore the problem space, together with genetic algorithm-based optimization engine that helps users interactively generate optimal solutions. We demonstrate here how our innovative approach with a heavy focus on user involvement enables analysts and decision makers to (1) configure the system and filter critical inputs, (2) run underlying models that annotate the visualization and configuration space with specific costs, statistics and constraints, and (3) optimize across the goal space for different objectives such as investment return, energy production, or revenue. Our approach provides visually controlled spatial optimization across resources and infrastructure while adhering to a diverse set of constraints.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121184809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sukumar, M. Olama, M. Shankar, S. Hadley, J. Nutaro, V. Protopopescu, Sergey Malinchik, Barry Ives
{"title":"Modeling resource, infrastructure, and policy cost layers for optimizing renewable energy investment and deployment","authors":"S. Sukumar, M. Olama, M. Shankar, S. Hadley, J. Nutaro, V. Protopopescu, Sergey Malinchik, Barry Ives","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619869","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a framework for creating a common spatial canvass that can bring together considerations of resource availability, infrastructure reliability, and development costs while strategizing renewable energy investment. We describe the underlying models and methodologies that annotate an investment plan for potential sites over a time-period with costs and constraints which may be imposed on distance from infrastructure, system impact on infrastructure, and policy incentives. The framework is intended as an enabler for visualization, optimization and decision making across diverse dimensions while searching for lucrative investment-plans.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116664539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cleary, M. L. Lazarewicz, L. Nelson, R. Rounds, J. Arsenault
{"title":"Interconnection study: 5MW of Beacon Power flywheels on 23 kV line — Tyngsboro, MA","authors":"J. Cleary, M. L. Lazarewicz, L. Nelson, R. Rounds, J. Arsenault","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619793","url":null,"abstract":"The grid frequency regulation function addresses the balance between the network's load and power generated. The intent is to maintain the grid at the target 50Hz or 60Hz operating point. When there is more load than generated power, frequency drops, and vice versa. The system operator generates a signal, Area Control Error (ACE), based on the difference between load and power. Traditionally, frequency regulation is managed by varying the output of fossil fuel or hydro generators connected to the electric grid. A new method in which electrical energy is stored in high speed flywheels and then is recycled to keep the system in balance, first, absorbing energy when it is in abundance, then discharging when there is a power shortfall. The cost and performance of storage-based regulation can offer significant advantages over traditional generator-based regulation. Availability of this new grid technology is particularly important, since the rapid addition of variable-generation renewable resources to meet RPS standards is expected to increase the need for regulation. The advantages primarily come from very fast response from the flywheels, measured in 100% power response in under 4 seconds as compared to up to a 5 minute response characteristic of a conventional regulating generator. An interconnection study was performed by National Grid to evaluate the impact of such rapid fluctuations on a 23kV distribution line.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115204348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Massive underground HVDC transmission via elpipes: Implications for grid evolution","authors":"R. Faulkner, R. Todd","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619851","url":null,"abstract":"Elpipes are polymer-insulated underground HVDC power lines that use relatively rigid extruded conductors designed for higher capacity and efficiency than is practical for overhead power lines. Elpipes can use far more conductor than cables, but also have more splices that an HVDC cable. The high efficiency of elpipes is motivated by the need to minimize heat dissipation while maintaining passive cooling. Minimizing waste heat production is critical since heat dissipation limits capacity. For a 325–800kV DC elpipe, we have selected a design basis of 1% loss per 1000 km, about three times better than an overhead 800kVDC line, and similar to “high temperature” superconducting (HTS) lines after accounting for the energy HTS lines consume for cryogenic cooling. This high efficiency could enable continental scale power transfers with acceptable loss, using fully buried aluminum elpipes carrying up to 12 GW. Surface mounted elpipes can deliver power up to at least 24 GW, whereas with internal cooling transfer capacities up to 200 GW are feasible.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126459749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Molderink, V. Bakker, Maurice G. C. Bosman, J. Hurink, G. Smit
{"title":"Improving stability and utilization of the electricity infrastructure of a neighborhood","authors":"A. Molderink, V. Bakker, Maurice G. C. Bosman, J. Hurink, G. Smit","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619805","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing energy prices and the greenhouse effect lead to more awareness of energy efficiency of electricity supply. During the last years, a lot of technologies and optimization methodologies are developed to increase the efficiency, maintain the grid stability and support large scale introduction of renewable sources. In previous work, we showed the effectiveness of our three-step methodology to reach these objective, consisting of 1) off-line prediction, 2) off-line planning and 3) online scheduling [1]. The goal of this paper is 1) to analyze the impact of installing a local controller in the house and 2) to analyze the stabilizing effect of the optimization algorithms on a large group of houses. To investigate whether it is possible to develop a local controller, a proof-of-concept is built using an embedded PC. The prototype consumes significantly less power than it can save. The stabilizing effect is studied by two large scale use cases. The first one is a simulation of 200 houses that together try to respond on fluctuation in generation of a windmill park. The second one is a simulation of a fleet of 100 electrical cars that need to be charged at night. Using the three step methodology in these two scenarios, the required balancing power, peaks and fluctuations in the required generation of the power plants decrease up to 40%.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bjorn Gwisdorf, T. Borchard, Torsten Hammerschmidt, C. Rehtanz
{"title":"Technical and economic evaluation of voltage regulation strategies for distribution grids with a high amount of fluctuating dispersed generation units","authors":"Bjorn Gwisdorf, T. Borchard, Torsten Hammerschmidt, C. Rehtanz","doi":"10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CITRES.2010.5619841","url":null,"abstract":"A high amount of fluctuating dispersed generation units causes voltage problems in supply areas with low load density and long distribution lines. Innovative and smart solutions to these problems must be considered alongside conventional grid expansion in order to achieve an efficient electricity supply. In the context of a research project, which is partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, several alternative approaches for solving voltage problems are being identified and evaluated. The different approaches range from voltage control units and reactive power management systems to a change of grid structures. In this paper, several voltage regulation units are proposed and their benefit for distribution grids with a high amount of fluctuating dispersed generation units is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":354280,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE Conference on Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply","volume":"1275 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133842091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}