Electrolyte and Blood Pressure最新文献

{"title":"Salt Sensitivity and Hypertension: A Paradigm Shift from Kidney Malfunction to Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction.","authors":"Hoon Young Choi,&nbsp;Hyeong Cheon Park,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Ha","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors and is a major public health problem due to its high prevalence and concomitant increase in the risk for cardiovascular disease. With the recent large increase of dietary salt intake in most developed countries, the prevalence of hypertension increases tremendously which is about 30% of the world population. There is substantial evidence that suggests some people can effectively excrete high dietary salt intake without an increase in arterial BP, and another people cannot excrete effectively without an increase in arterial BP. Salt sensitivity of BP refers to the BP responses for changes in dietary salt intake to produce meaningful BP increases or decreases. The underlying mechanisms that promote salt sensitivity are complex and range from genetic to environmental influences. The phenotype of salt sensitivity is therefore heterogeneous with multiple mechanisms that potentially link high salt intake to increases in blood pressure. Moreover, excess salt intake has functional and pathological effects on the vasculature that are independent of blood pressure. Epidemiologic data demonstrate the role of high dietary salt intake in mediating cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. Almost five decades ago, Guyton and Coleman proposed that whenever arterial pressure is elevated, pressure natriuresis enhances the excretion of sodium and water until blood volume is reduced sufficiently to return arterial pressure to control values. According to this hypothesis, hypertension can develop only when something impairs the excretory ability of sodium in the kidney. However, recent studies suggest that nonosmotic salt accumulation in the skin interstitium and the endothelial dysfunction which might be caused by the deterioration of vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) and the epithelial sodium channel on the endothelial luminal surface (EnNaC) also play an important role in nonosmotic storage of salt. These new concepts emphasize that sodium homeostasis and salt sensitivity seem to be related not only to the kidney malfunction but also to the endothelial dysfunction. Further investigations will be needed to assess the extent to which changes in the sodium buffering capacity of the skin interstitium and develop the treatment strategy for modulating the endothelial dysfunction. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"13 1","pages":"7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33892936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal Obesity and Mortality in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.","authors":"Haifeng Jin,&nbsp;Jun Young Shin,&nbsp;Seung Ho Lee,&nbsp;Joon Ho Song,&nbsp;Moon-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Seoung Woo Lee","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between abdominal obesity (AO) and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prevalence of AO in 84 PD patients was assessed in a cross-section manner and followed up for 9 years at a single center. AO was defined as a waist circumference (WC) of more than 90 cm in males or more than 80 cm in females. The patients were classified as either with AO(AO group) or without AO(nAO group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AO group was older, contained more diabetics, more females, and had higher Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) scores, BMI, and triglyceride and lower serum creatinine than the non-AO subjects. The follow-up duration was 53.2±34.4 months. At the end of the follow-up, eighteen patients (21.4%) were dead; 9 died of cardiovascular causes. The five year survival rate was 40.8%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that both all-cause and cardiovascular-cause mortalities were similar in the AO and nAO groups. Multivariate analysis revealed the presence of AO not to be an independent risk factor of all-cause and cardiovascular-cause mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AO itself might not be a risk factor for mortality in PD patients. Nevertheless, further prospective studies with a large number of patients will be needed to prove this.</p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"13 1","pages":"22-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.22","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33892938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Minireview on Vasopressin-regulated Aquaporin-2 in Kidney Collecting Duct Cells.","authors":"Eui-Jung Park,&nbsp;Tae-Hwan Kwon","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The kidney collecting duct is an important renal tubular segment for the regulation of body water and salt homeostasis. Water reabsorption in the collecting duct cells is regulated by arginine vasopressin (AVP) via the vasopressin V2-receptor (V2R). AVP increases the osmotic water permeability of the collecting duct cells through aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and aquaporin-3 (AQP3). AVP induces the apical targeting of AQP2 and transcription of AQP2 gene in the kidney collecting duct principal cells. The signaling transduction pathways resulting in the AQP2 trafficking to the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells, include AQP2 phosphorylation, RhoA phosphorylation, actin depolymerization and calcium mobilization, and the changes of AQP2 protein abundance in water balance disorders have been extensively studied. These studies elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of body water homeostasis and provide the basis for the treatment of body water balance disorders.","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2015.13.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33892935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do We Manage Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with CKD and ESRD?","authors":"Hoon Young Choi,&nbsp;Hyeong Cheon Park,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Ha","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events. In addition, patients with pre-dialysis CKD appear to be more likely to die of heart disease than of kidney disease. CKD accelerates coronary artery atherosclerosis by several mechanisms, notably hypertension and dyslipidemia, both of which are known risk factors for coronary artery disease. In addition, CKD alters calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, resulting in hypercalcemia and vascular calcification, including the coronary arteries. Mortality of patients on long-term dialysis therapy is high, with age-adjusted mortality rates of about 25% annually. Because the majority of deaths are caused by cardiovascular disease, routine cardiac catheterization of new dialysis patients was proposed as a means of improving the identification and treatment of high-risk patients. However, clinicians may be uncomfortable exposing asymptomatic patients to such invasive procedures like cardiac catheterization, thus noninvasive cardiac risk stratification was investigated widely as a more palatable alternative to routine diagnostic catheterization. The effective management of coronary artery disease is of paramount importance in uremic patients. The applicability of diagnostic, preventive, and treatment modalities developed in nonuremic populations to patients with kidney failure cannot necessarily be extrapolated from clinical studies in non-kidney failure populations. Noninvasive diagnostic testing in uremic patients is less accurate than in nonuremic populations. Initial data suggest that dobutamine echocardiography may be the preferred diagnostic method. PCI with stenting is a less favorable alternative to CABG, however, it has a faster recovery time, reduced invasiveness, and no overall mortality difference in nondiabetic and non-CKD patients compared with CABG. CABG is associated with reduced repeat revascularizations, greater relief of angina, and increased long term survival. However, CABG is associated with a higher incidence of post-operative risks. The treatment chosen for each patient should be an individualized decision based upon numerous risk factors. CKD is associated with higher rates of CAD, with 44% of all-cause mortality attributable to cardiac disease and about 20% from acute MI. Optimal treatment including aggressive lifestyle modifications and concomitant medical therapy should be implemented in all patients to maximize benefits from either PCI or CABG. Future prospective randomized controlled trials with newer second or third generation DES and bioabsorbable DES are necessary to determine if PCI may be non-inferior to CABG in the future. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32990408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidermal Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 Expression is Increased in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients with Pruritus: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Sung Jin Moon,&nbsp;Hyun Jung Kim,&nbsp;Sung Bin Cho,&nbsp;Seung Hun Lee,&nbsp;Hoon Young Choi,&nbsp;Hyeong Cheon Park,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Ha","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uremic pruritus is a common problem in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We aimed to investigate the association between severity of uremic pruritus and cutaneous serine protease activity, as well as proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) expression. Twelve ESRD patients with pruritus, 4 ESRD patients without pruritus, and 6 healthy controls were enrolled. Skin biopsies were obtained from the abdomen. Protease activity and PAR-2 expression in the epidermis were examined by in situ zymography and confocal laser microscopy, respectively. All ESRD patients presented more pronounced cutaneous protease activity compared with that in healthy controls. The skin samples from the patients with pruritus showed higher protease activity than either nonpruritic ESRD patients or healthy controls. The epidermis in all samples of ESRD patients presented higher immunoreactivity against PAR-2 versus those of healthy controls. In addition, correlation analysis between PAR-2 expression and VAS pruritus scores showed a significant positive correlation. Our data suggests that levels of serine protease and PAR-2 expression could play important roles in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"74-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.74","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32990412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gaps between Global Guidelines and Local Practices in CKD-MBD.","authors":"Gheun-Ho Kim","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term 'chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder' (CKD-MBD) is a new term that, in contrast to the old term 'renal osteodystrophy', implies a systemic syndrome associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This new terminology is in line with previous studies that show elevated serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In order to improve outcomes in patients with CKD-MBD, many countries have developed clinical practice guidelines. Globally, the Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines are the most commonly used. However, whether these global guidelines can be successfully implemented on a local level needs to be studied. Differences in medical care and social factors between countries may limit the generalizability of global guidelines. Reports from the Korean registry and the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) suggest that many dialysis patients are not within the target ranges recommended by the KDOQI and KDIGO guidelines for serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH, suggesting gaps between global guidelines and local practices. Clinical studies with Korean CKD-MBD patients are necessary to compare Korean practices and outcomes to those suggested by global guidelines and to determine the target serum mineral levels associated with the best local outcomes. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.35","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32989851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of bicarbonate supplementation on renal function and nutritional indices in predialysis advanced chronic kidney disease.","authors":"Jiwon Jeong,&nbsp;Soon Kil Kwon,&nbsp;Hye-Young Kim","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current practice guidelines recommend alkali therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and metabolic acidosis to prevent complications. This study aims to investigate the effect of oral sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the progression of renal function and nutritional indices in patients with predialysis advanced CKD. Forty patients with predialysis stage 5 CKD(estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR <15mL/min per 1.73m(2)) and 40 patients with stage 4 CKD (eGFR 15 to 30mL/min per 1.73m(2)) who had a total CO2 less than 22mEq/L were assigned into the bicarbonate treatment group or control group for 12 months. In stage 4 CKD, there were significant differences in the changes of eGFR during the study between the treatment group and the control group (-2.30±4.49 versus -6.58±6.32mL/min/1.73m(2), p<0.05). However, in stage 5 CKD, there were no significant differences in the change of eGFR during the study between the two groups (-2.10±2.06 versus -3.23±1.95mL/min/1.73 m(2)).There were no significant differences in the changes of nutritional indices such as albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and Ondodera's prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) during the study between the two groups. In stage 5 CKD, there were significant differences in the changes of TLC and OPNI between the two groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that bicarbonate supplementation slows the rate of decline of renal function in stage 4 CKD and improves nutritional indices in stage 5 CKD. Alkali therapy in advanced CKD may have beneficial effect on renal function and malnutrition. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"80-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.80","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32990413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cisplatin-induced Kidney Dysfunction and Perspectives on Improving Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Gi-Su Oh,&nbsp;Hyung-Jin Kim,&nbsp;AiHua Shen,&nbsp;Su Bin Lee,&nbsp;Dipendra Khadka,&nbsp;Arpana Pandit,&nbsp;Hong-Seob So","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cisplatin is one of the most widely used and highly effective drug for the treatment of various solid tumors; however, it has dose-dependent side effects on the kidney, cochlear, and nerves. Nephrotoxicity is the most well-known and clinically important toxicity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that several mechanisms, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammatory responses, are closely associated with cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Even though the establishment of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be alleviated by diuretics and pre-hydration of patients, the prevalence of cisplatin nephrotoxicity is still high, occurring in approximately one-third of patients who have undergone cisplatin therapy. Therefore it is imperative to develop treatments that will ameliorate cisplatin-nephrotoxicity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced renal toxicity and the new strategies for protecting the kidneys from the toxic effects without lowering the tumoricidal activity. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32990414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dialysate sodium concentration on sodium gradient and hemodialysis parameters.","authors":"Haifeng Jin,&nbsp;Seung Yun Lee,&nbsp;Si Nae Lee,&nbsp;Joon Ho Song,&nbsp;Moon-Jae Kim,&nbsp;Seoung Woo Lee","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This retrospective study was performed to determine the ranges of the sodium gradient (SG) between the dialysate sodium concentration (DNa) and serum sodium concentration (SNa) in hemodialysis (HD) patients and to examine the relationships between HD parameters over a 1 year period. Fifty-five clinically stable HD patients, who had been on HD >2 years were enrolled. Monthly HD [ultrafiltration (UF) amount, systolic blood pressure (SBP), frequency of intradialytic hypotension (IDH)] and laboratory data were collected and 12-month means were subjected to analysis. The SG was calculated by subtracting SNa from prescribed DNa. Mean SG values were 1.5±3.3 (range -5.6~9.1). SG was positively related to DNa and the frequency of IDH. A higher SG was associated with larger UF amounts and SBP reduction during HD. The percentages of patients with a SG ≥3mEq/L increased as DNa increased. On the other hand, SG was not found to be associated with SNa or pre-HD SBP. DNa appears to cause a significant increase in SG, and this seems to be related to HD parameters, such as, UF amount and IDH. </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 2","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.2.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32990410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid Puzzle: Dual Role as Anti-oxidantand Pro-oxidant.","authors":"Duk-Hee Kang,&nbsp;Sung-Kyu Ha","doi":"10.5049/EBP.2014.12.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperuricemia is known to be associated with the presence of cardiovascular and metabolic syndrome and with the development of incipient kidney disease and an accelerated renal progression. However, an elevated uric acid level was not generally regarded as a true etiology or mediator, but an indicator of these diseases. Uric acid has recently regained the clinical interest and popularity based on emerging data suggesting the causative role of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular and renal disease. Experimental data demonstrates oxidative stress is one of the earliest phenomena observed in vascular, renal, liver cells and adipocytes exposed to uric acid. Since uric acid is one of the major antioxidants of plasma acting as a free radical scavenger and a chelator of transitional metal ion, uric acid-induced oxidative stress seems paradoxical. Data regarding the clinical implication of hyperuricemia is even more confusing, which defines hyperuricemia as a useless parameter to be eliminated from routine follow-up or a major risk factor to be therapeutic target. With a review of experimental and epidemiologic data, the presence of molecular switch to regulate the role of uric acid as anti- or pro-oxidant in different compartment of our body is suggested, which may shed light on understanding the paradoxical role of uric acid and solving the \"uric acid debate\". </p>","PeriodicalId":35352,"journal":{"name":"Electrolyte and Blood Pressure","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5049/EBP.2014.12.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32532886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}