ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Some Reflections on the Nature of Decentralized (Autonomous) Organizations","authors":"M. Schillig","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3915843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3915843","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology allows the creation of software-based organizations that can interact with third parties by deterministically executing software code with limited human input. These ‘decentralized (autonomous) organizations’ consist of an interconnected system of ‘smart contracts:’ computer programmes stored and executed automatically on a decentralized network of participating computers. DAOs replicate to some extent the features traditionally reserved for corporate-type entities. This raises the question of whether and to what extent the law should accommodate these phenomena, by opening up general incorporation laws or providing new organizational forms. The current chapter seeks to contribute to answering this question by taking a critical look at the debate on the nature of the corporation from a historical and comparative perspective with a view to evaluating its relevance for the technological innovations of the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132886327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Value, Less Profit: Achieving the Value of an Internally Financed Firm","authors":"M. J. Sobel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3839877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839877","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: Profit maximization is the default criterion in operations management and normative economics of industrial organizations, but its pursuit achieves a firm's financial value only under stringent conditions. Otherwise: (A) Profit optimization is sub-optimal, (B) the appropriate operational criterion to maximize value can be determined clearly for a firm that is financed internally and (C) a by-product of (A) identifies the proper organizational structure to coordinate the management of cash and operations. Methodology/results: The results emerge from the analysis of a Markov decision process model of a firm that makes periodic decisions regarding operations and cash. The value of the firm, which is the maximal expected present value of the time stream of net payouts (cash dividends, stock dividends, and stock buybacks), is one end of an axis on which the other end is profit. (a) Simple formulas connect the two criteria on the axis. The value corresponds to a perturbed profit criterion in which revenue is deflated. (b) Thus, the use of a straightforward profit criterion compromises value. (c) The analysis depends on whether a bankruptcy risk is present or not and, if present, how it is modeled. The paper analyzes two cases: no risk of bankruptcy, and risk of bankruptcy under a simplified version of Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. (d) If there is no risk of bankruptcy, profit-optimal and value-optimal decision rules have the same qualitative features, and the management of cash should be subordinated to operations management. (e) These results are applied to models of inventory, a vertically integrated supply chain, a fishery and capacity management. Managerial implications: CFOs should mandate lower inventories than operations managers deem profit-optimal. CEOs should not subordinate operations management to cash management.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130396282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship as an Instrument of Development of Small and Medium Entrepreneurship in Ukraine","authors":"O. Lysiuk, Ihor Britchenko","doi":"10.38188/2534-9228.21.6.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.21.6.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the features of social entrepreneur development as a way of government regulation of labor market. Different ways of definition “social enterprise” are analyzed. During the research, the models of improvement and development about regulation of this activity in other countries were analyzed. Analyzing the modern models of social entrepreneurship in other countries demonstrates how it is popular and deals with the problems of unemployment and social safety. In the current situation in Ukraine this model of entrepreneurship is not so popular. For the changing situation we described and proposed the mechanism of development of social entrepreneurship. For the more active development of this entrepreneurship model we have proposed: to create, pass and apply the law about social entrepreneurship, which can measure the criteria for this type of activities and the law mechanism to support social entrepreneurship; to spread information about this type of activity through the informational channels; to develop and establish programs about professional education for people, who would like to work at the social entrepreneurship area. The characteristics of social entrepreneurship were compared, charitable organizations and traditional business. Features and criteria, which characterize the social entrepreneurship are described. Experience of developing social entrepreneurship in other countries and the benefits of involving labor force in Ukraine are compared. The methods used for research are comparing and analyzing. The main goal of social entrepreneurship is producing goods and services for solving social problems and searching the ways of improving the economic situation in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130419727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Global Production Networks: Towards Social Responsibility via Inter-organizational Reliability?","authors":"J. Sydow, Elke Schüssler, Markus Helfen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3759734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3759734","url":null,"abstract":"Taking a whole network perspective, we theorize on whether and how global production networks can enhance their social responsibility by managing the inter-organizational relations that constitute such networks in a more reliable way. Combining insights from the literature on network governance and the management of inter-firm networks, we develop a practice-based perspective on how inter-organizational reliability, understood as the recurrent and effective collaboration of organizations in a network to ensure outcome quality, process stability and work safety, can be extended to issues of social responsibility in the area of labour standards. Our core argument is that creating and nourishing relations between lead firms and suppliers enhances not only inter-organizational reliability but can contribute to a higher degree of social responsibility in global production networks. For network management, i.e. selection, evaluation, allocation and regulation, this means paying more attention to where managing for reliability and responsibility in networks converges in practice. The task at hand for research is to improve our understanding of exactly how and under what conditions inter-organizational reliability contributes to network responsibility.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132015107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsibility and Organization Science: Integrating Micro and Macro Perspectives","authors":"Ruth V. Aguilera, D. Waldman, D. Siegel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3760065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3760065","url":null,"abstract":"Responsibility is an important issue in organizations and society. Employees, managers, and owners can behave responsibly in the workplace and beyond. In addition, these individuals can be influenced by the propensity of the organization to behave responsibly. Organizations can pursue strategies that take into account responsibility at the product, firm, industry, and societal levels. This virtual special issue examines 19 articles published in Organization Science that consider responsibility at multiple levels of analysis. An important theme that emerges is that although some studies have crossed levels of analysis, future research would benefit from cross-level or more meso-based approaches.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130750347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Strategic Guidelines for Mining Enterprises in the Management of Their Business Activities","authors":"V. Nusinov, M. Ishchenko, I. Polishchuk","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2020.220559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2020.220559","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the process of determining the strategic guidelines for mining enterprises. The strategic positions of Metinvest B. V. (Netherlands) are analyzed using the BCG Grows-Share Matrix. It is found that this is the limiting position between the «Children» and «Dogs» quadrants. The deteriorating market conditions are indicated. It is found that getting rid of strategic business units and main strategic areas of management in the portfolio is inappropriate given the effect of «currency dumping». It is determined that its use became possible in conditions of a fall in the exchange rate of the national currency in relation to the main currency of international settlement transactions. It is determined that out of the five key strategic areas of business of Metinvest B. V., represented by the main export markets to the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and Asia, the volume of sales of the company's products only to China has a growing trend. The conclusion about the stage of the life cycle «Growth» is made. It is revealed that for all four markets of Central and Eastern Europe, the general linear trend is downward, and these strategic economic zones are located in the «Cows» square. The role of the markets of Central and Eastern Europe in the portfolio of the analyzed company as generators of cash flow («donors»), which practically do not require additional funding, is formulated. It is proposed to invest funds received from the sale of iron ore products to the markets of Central and Eastern Europe in increasing supplies to China (position «Children»), which has the largest growth prospects in the company's portfolio. It is taken into account that for China, Ukrainian mining companies are not the main suppliers. The key economic indicators of the world leaders of the mining industry are predicted until 2025. It is proposed to take into account the global dynamics in the formation of strategic management of business activities of Ukrainian enterprises. This will allow to correctly prioritize and focus on achieving competitive advantages, at least at the regional level. The result of this research is the developed strategic guidelines for mining enterprises. The use of the developed strategic guidelines will allow to introduce a targeted approach to business management of mining enterprises, taking into account the relevant environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126144225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Stakeholder Pressure Influence Corporate Sustainability, and Financial Performance in Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan: The Mediatory Role of Sustainable Supply Chain Management","authors":"Anusha Israr, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757841","url":null,"abstract":"It is of great importance to gain a better understanding of the impact of external stakeholder groups on an organization’s supply chain management strategies and practices. The greater challenge is to know how the two constructs affects organization’s sustainability and performance. This study aims to investigate the relationship between stakeholder pressure (SP), sustainable supply chain management (SSCM), corporate sustainability performance (CSP) & financial performance (FP). For this we proposed a theoretical framework, modifying Wolf (2014) model, to incorporate the mediating role of sustainable SCM. Stakeholder pressure is captured by environment issues, and social supply chain issues. Sustainable SCM was measured by waste reduction (WR), green purchasing (GP) and social supply chain standards (SSCS). Empirical validity was established by conducting a survey using close ended questionnaire. Data was collected from 310 employees and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structured equation modeling. Findings shows that environmental issues have significant effect on CSP, FP & SSCM, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) except green purchasing (GP) has significant effect on CSP, FP hence green purchasing has insignificant results. Social supply chain issues have not a significant effect on CSP, FP and waste reduction (WR). There is a mediating effect of SSCM on environmental issues leads to CSP & FP, but not on supply chain issues. This study will add to the existing knowledge of sustainability in by different firms of a developing country like Pakistan. This will also help in understanding that how stakeholder’s pressure effects the reputation of organizations in result firms mount their strategies and tactics, and can better understand that what measures they should take for environmental and social standards by focusing on employee safety, suppliers’ engagement, and safety programs.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Board Diversity and Sustainability Reporting: Evidence from Industrial Goods Firms","authors":"Saidu Musa, N. Gold, Hope Osayantin Aifuwa","doi":"10.36997/ijuev2020.64.4.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36997/ijuev2020.64.4.377","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted by all the United Nations member countries were to reduce the social and ecological outcome of businesses and governments across the globe, among others. Businesses can key into this agenda by disclosing their economic, environmental and social impact in their financial reports. However, in Nigeria, the extent of sustainability reporting amongst firms is still low and not a listing requirement. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the influence of a diverse board on the extent of sustainability reporting in listed industrial goods firms on the Nigerian Stock Exchange from the period 2014-2018.We developed a sustainability disclosure index using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines to score the information content of annual reports relating to sustainability performance. Nationality, age and educational level were used to proxy diversity in the boardroom. The study also used descriptive and inferential statistics to summarize the data and to draw an inference on the population studied. Our study failed to validate the theoretical framework - Stakeholder-Dependency Theory used in the study, as results from the panel leastsquares regression revealed that age diversity in the boardroom negatively and significantly affects the extent of sustainability reporting. Furthermore, we found no evidence on the nexus between nationality diversity and sustainability reporting; and education level diversity and sustainability reporting. The study concluded that diversity in boardroom influences the extent of sustainability reporting in Nigeria. This study recommends that firms should increase the representation of foreign directors in the boardroom because they add value and a wealth of experience to the board.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"54 29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124699240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Models of Social Enterprise in Bulgaria","authors":"V. Terziev, N. Bencheva, T. Stoeva, M. Georgiev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3719746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3719746","url":null,"abstract":"Social entrepreneurship is identified at European Union (EU) as a key instrument for regional cohesion and overcoming the problems of poverty and social exclusion. As part of its policy to promote the social economy and social innovation, social entrepreneurship contribute to achieving the strategic goals set in 2020. <br><br>Successful social enterprise is an operating company with a social cause, a positive financial result, which is independent in taking decisions does not depend entirely on external financing, a clear perspective for development and achieving social goals.","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121751603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ouverture de ‘Circular Economy & New Business Models’","authors":"Daniela M. Salvioni, S. Brondoni","doi":"10.4468/2020.1.01ouverture","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4468/2020.1.01ouverture","url":null,"abstract":"Circular economy business models essentially fall into two main groups: (1) models focused on reorienting traditional business, and (2) models that involve creating a new business specifically aimed at recovering resources. The timing and ways of transforming an old business into a circular one could find useful drivers in a systemic approach that involves policy makers and legislators to implement effective regulations and incentives, the financial sector, public authorities and civil society. By converse, big global corporations often develop circular economy within a company’s network. From this perspective, some companies are specifically oriented towards recycling, while other companies belonging to the same group use raw materials obtained from recycling, thus gaining an extensive competitive advantage for all the network’s companies (competitive circular economy).","PeriodicalId":352730,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Formal & Informal Structures (Topic)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127404158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}