The Military Balance最新文献_第8页

Explanatory notes 注解

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2019.1561036

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Chapter Eight: Latin America and the Caribbean 第八章:拉丁美洲和加勒比地区

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1561034

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Editor’s Introduction 编辑器的介绍

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1561021

W. Wagner, At

{"title":"Editor’s Introduction","authors":"W. Wagner, At","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2018.1561021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2018.1561021","url":null,"abstract":"This 2019 edition of The Military Balance is published 60 years after it first appeared as an 11-page pamphlet in late 1959. The international security environment is again as uncertain today as it was then. Great-power competition still dominates contemporary Western policy discussions, but now it is not only Moscow’s actions that generate attention. China perhaps represents even more of a challenge, as it introduces yet more advanced military systems and is engaged in a strategy to improve its forces’ ability to operate at distance from the homeland. At the same time, while Western armed forces – particularly after Russia seized Crimea in 2014 – are refocusing on more traditional security challenges, though characterised by disruptive new elements, they are having to do this alongside, not instead of, the range of post-9/11 tasks. The threat from terrorists persists, as does the impact of conflict and instability in Africa. And while the war in the Middle East against the Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, might have succeeded in eradicating its territorial base, ISIS could revert to insurgent tactics. Meanwhile, the civil war in Syria grinds on, with the regime in the ascendant. Tentative diplomatic progress at the end of 2018 raised hopes that the effects of the conflict in Yemen might be alleviated, if not an immediate end brought to the war. In Asia, the unexpected North Korean moratorium on missile testing led to renewed diplomatic contact on the peninsula, and between Pyongyang and Washington. However, although summits continued, there remained no progress on the issue of North Korea’s denuclearisation. In Europe, NATO’s eastern members worry about Russia, while simmering conflict continues in eastern Ukraine. In late 2018, Russia began flexing its muscles once more, this time in the Sea of Azov.","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"7 1","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76405707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Index of country/territory abbreviations 国家/地区缩写索引

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2019.1561039

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Chapter One: Sixty years of The Military Balance 第一章:六十年的军事平衡

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2019.1561024

A. Buchan

{"title":"Chapter One: Sixty years of The Military Balance","authors":"A. Buchan","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2019.1561024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2019.1561024","url":null,"abstract":"tenth edition in 1968–69, now solely titled The Military Balance (as it had been since the 1963–64 edition), contained information on 59 states; in the 2019 book, the tally is at 171. As Sir Michael Howard has pointed out, Alastair Buchan and his successors were ‘later to lament that they had got themselves stuck with the title The Military Balance, providing as it does so stark and conceptually misleading an idea of the complex nature of military power’. But, he continued, ‘stuck they are, and “MilBal” has become the Institute’s flagship’. In some respects the increase in the number of countries assessed in the book has reflected the internationalisation of the Institute, from the early 1960s onwards, in terms of the composition of its Council, the scope of its research activity as well as its staffing. The word ‘International’ was adopted as a prefix by the organisation in the early 1970s. Not 20 years ago, the editorial team for The Military Balance was mainly composed of former commissioned officers from the UK armed forces. Today we are an overwhelmingly civilian and increasingly international team. The way in which we display our data has also changed significantly over the years. Today, the book contains detailed lists of military organisations subdivided according to role, while military equipment is broken down according to its type. In doing this, we are mindful of the need to maintain categories that can be compared between states, as well as the wish of the Institute’s Council in 1964 that The Military Balance retain the compression of the original edition, so making it easier to find information. This also helps ensure that the book remains portable. The 2019 edition may be heavier than the first, but it remains a one-volume publication that can easily be carried in an attaché case. This is one of the features that continues to distinguish The Military Balance from other publications in the field. In deciding which information to prioritise in the book, we are mindful that we cannot accommodate the complete range of military systems operated by states. We display data that we think is essential to national military power. Naturally, this starts This 2019 edition of The Military Balance marks 60 years since the publication first appeared, in late 1959, as a slim pamphlet of just 11 pages. The latest edition has been compiled by the IISS’s Defence and Military Analysis Programme, the Institute’s largest research team with 14 permanent staff. That first volume was produced single-handedly by Alastair Buchan, the first Director of what was then called The Institute for Strategic Studies. The Foreword stated that it was published ‘as a contribution to the growing concern that is developing throughout the world about the arms race’. It is apparent, from these early editions, that the focus was very much on nuclear capabilities and missile systems. The rationale behind the first pamphlet was that there would be considerable value in collati","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"17 1","pages":"20 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85071861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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List of abbreviations for data sections 数据节的缩写列表

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2019.1561037

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International comparisons of defence expenditure and military personnel 国防开支和军事人员的国际比较

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2019.1561038

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Chapter Four: Europe 第四章:欧洲

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1561029

引用次数: 2

Index of TABLES 表索引

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvddzszb.4

B. Orlowski

{"title":"Index of TABLES","authors":"B. Orlowski","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvddzszb.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzszb.4","url":null,"abstract":"Table 1.1 Examples of some multi-lingual patent publishing authorities 15 Table 1.2 Key WIPO standards for bibliographic control of patents 21 Table 1.3 WIPO standard codes for regional patent authorities and intergovernmental organisations 22 Table 1.4 Some important INID codes from ST.9 23 Table 2.1 Members and Extension States of the European Patent Organisation 36 Table 2.2 Translation requirements of European Patents after the London Agreement 45 Table 2.3 European Patent publication stages 48 Table 2.4 Summary of current (2019) EPO document codes 48 Table 2.5 European Patent databases 51 Table 3.1 Publication milestones in US patent history 60 Table 3.2 US application number series codes 64 Table 3.3 US publication sequence 66 Table 3.4 US Re-issue publications 71 Table 3.5 Summary of historical and current US KD codes 72 Table 3.6 Redundant US KD codes 74 Table 3.7 United States patent databases 77 Table 4.1 Japanese Imperial Era and Western calendar dates 82 Table 4.2 Japanese patent publication stages and number formats 85 Table 4.3 Example of publication order under Japanese accelerated examination 87 Table 4.4 Database numbering conventions for publication of PCT national phase entry documents in Japan 90 Table 4.5 Japanese utility model publication stages and number formats 92 Table 4.6 Additional KD codes for Japan 95 Table 4.7 Selected Japanese patent databases with English content 96 Table 4.8 Selected Japanese-only patent sources 97 Table 4.9 Subject coverage of PAJ 98 Table 5.1 Adoption date of publication languages under the PCT 102 Table 5.2 Changes in PCT numeration 106 Table 5.3 Operational status of the PCT International Search Authorities 108 Table 5.4 PCT KD codes 109 Table 5.5 PCT databases 117 Table 6.1 Canadian patent databases 126 Table 6.2 Formatting of French patent application numbers pre-1968 131 Table 6.3 KD codes in France prior to 1968 and transitional period to 1975 132 Table 6.4 French KD codes for post-1968 patent applications 133 Table 6.5 French patent databases 136 Table 6.6 German Intellectual Property Right numbering codes 140 Table 6.7 German KD codes and sequences for national patent granting procedure 142 Table 6.8 German KD codes relating to EPO, PCT, translation and corrections (2004 onwards) 142","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"55 1","pages":"4 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90274129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Explanatory notes 注解

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.18356/fbff26de-en

Gail Orgelfinger

引用次数: 0