The Military Balance最新文献_第9页

Explanatory notes 注解

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.18356/09beaaed-en

Line 2.—Merchandise

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引用次数: 0

Chapter Six: Asia 第六章:亚洲

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416982

{"title":"Chapter Six: Asia","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2018.1416982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2018.1416982","url":null,"abstract":"China and member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations agreed a framework for a code of conduct in the area, in May 2017. The reality, however, was that Beijing further strengthened its military bases in the South China Sea, on the features it had physically expanded after 2012. At the same time, it continued to engage in coercive behaviour there. For the Chinese Communist Party and the PLA, securing greater control of South China Sea features and surrounding waters was evidently a strategic priority, despite the unease that Beijing’s actions were creating in Southeast Asia and beyond. In July, following Hanoi’s refusal to yield to Chinese demands to halt drilling by a Spanish oil company on Vanguard Bank, an area that Vietnam claimed was within its exclusive economic zone, Beijing reportedly threatened to use force against a Vietnamese-occupied feature. In August, China deployed a flotilla of fishing vessels, accompanied by PLAN and coastguard ships, close to Pagasa, the largest feature occupied by the Philippines in the Spratly Islands. While Southeast Asian governments emphasised the importance of diplomacy in managing regional maritime tensions, in these circumstances several states have continued their efforts to develop military capabilities that could help to deter potential future Chinese aggression. In February, Vietnam commissioned the last two of six Project 636.1 (improved Kilo-class) submarines supplied by Russia. At the commissioning ceremony, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc praised the Vietnamese Navy’s willingness to defend ‘every inch’ of national territory including territorial waters. Later in the year, Vietnam received a third Russian Gepard 3.9-class frigate, with another due by year’s end. Reflecting Hanoi’s increasing sense of vulnerability to Chinese pressure, Minister of National Defence Ngo Xuan Lich visited Washington DC in August, where he met US Secretary of Defense James Mattis; the two sides reached an agreement on increased bilateral naval engagement and information-sharing, and more importantly that a US aircraft carrier would visit Vietnam during 2018, the first such visit since the Vietnamese communists’ victory in 1975. In the Asia-Pacific region, the influences on defence policy, military spending and equipment procurement, and on the development of armed forces’ capabilities, were as wide-ranging as ever in 2017. However, the most important were pervasive and persistent insecurity; economic circumstances that allowed for a relatively high – and in some cases increasing – allocation of national resources to the armed forces; and domestic political circumstances, which often helped to support ambitious defence programmes. The most important factors driving the region’s sense of insecurity were evident at the 16th IISS Shangri-La Dialogue. In June 2017, this annual event again brought together in Singapore defence ministers and other senior representatives of AsiaPacific defence establishments. Se","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"79 1","pages":"219 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Chapter Nine: Sub-Saharan Africa 第九章:撒哈拉以南非洲

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416986

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引用次数: 2

Explanatory Notes 注解

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416989

引用次数: 0

Chapter Three: North America 第三章:北美

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416979

{"title":"Chapter Three: North America","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/04597222.2018.1416979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/04597222.2018.1416979","url":null,"abstract":"On 20 January 2017, Donald Trump became the 45th President of the United States. The administration quickly moved to take action on the issues Trump had emphasised in his campaign, including tackling perceived disparities over burden-sharing within the transatlantic alliance. In the campaign, Trump had questioned the relevance of NATO. During a May 2017 speech in Brussels, the president returned to the theme, chiding the Alliance’s European members for not spending enough on defence. Meanwhile, issues including ongoing investigations into ties with Russia during the 2016 presidential campaign, White House staff turnover, and delays in naming senior and mid-level national-security officials all played a part in a troubled start for the administration. That said, some coherence in national-security policy had begun to emerge by late August. In addition to Secretary of Defense James Mattis and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, the shuffling of key players (Lt.-Gen. H.R. McMaster for Michael Flynn as National Security Advisor; John F. Kelly for Reince Priebus as White House Chief of Staff) provided for experienced advice regarding national-security priorities and introduced greater process into the administration’s national-security decision-making. Nonetheless, the president’s proclivity to comment on policy matters on social media, at times contradicting existing policy (such as on the issue of transgender service members), played a part in unsettling his own appointees, not to mention allies and partners. In addition, key positions in the departments of defense and state (and elsewhere) were only slowly being filled, with the result that career civil servants, and military officers in the case of the Department of Defense (DoD), still occupied many of these posts. Although debates within the administration persist regarding what should be expected of the United States’ allies, Trump has moderated his criticism and increasingly adopted policies similar to those of past administrations. The European Reassurance Initiative continues, with a funding increase under the Fiscal Year (FY) 2018 budget, and in June 2017 Trump delivered a speech in Warsaw assuring Poland of US support. A key milestone came on 21 August 2017, when the president announced his decision to send additional troops to Afghanistan, although their role in the country is expected to be less expansive than in the past: ‘We are not nation building again’, said Trump, ‘we are killing terrorists’. Afghanistan is only one of the security challenges facing the US, its allies and partners. As Mattis noted in his testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee in June 2017, these fall into four main areas: ‘filling in the holes from trade-offs made during 16 years of war ... the worsening security environment, contested operations in multiple domains, and the rapid pace of technological change’. Mattis also stressed that it is a ‘more volatile security environment than any I have experie","PeriodicalId":35165,"journal":{"name":"The Military Balance","volume":"34 1","pages":"27 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79750530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa 第七章:中东和北非

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416983

引用次数: 2

Chapter Two: Comparative defence statistics 第二章:国防统计比较

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416969

引用次数: 3

List of abbreviations for data sections 数据节的缩写列表

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416990

引用次数: 0

Chapter Ten: Country comparisons and defence data 第十章:国家比较和国防数据

The Military Balance Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/04597222.2018.1416987